Ko wai te mea he mema o te kauhoe? Ko te waka o te rererangi pāhihi: hanganga, photo

Ko te waka - te ariā rawa whānui. Ka rite ki te tikanga whānui, ngā reira te kapa e kore anake e te putanga mai ki te rangi, engari ano hoki te iwi nei e haepapa mo te tiaki o te poari i runga i te whenua. e kore e pāhihi kite te mua, a maha kahore e ara mōhio o te pehea e mahi maha ngaio i roto i te tikanga ki te eke humarie kawea ratou ki to ratou ūnga.

airliner

timata te hītori o te pāhihi rererangi i roto i 1913 i roto i Russia. I roto i taua tau, pai whakamatautau te tuatahi i roto i te aamu o te taata nei pāhihi plane "Ilya Muromets", hanga e Igorem Ivanovichem Sikorskim. Te manureva i taea kawe pāhihi kore anake, engari ano hoki utanga ka mahi rite te bomber.

Mai reira, nui kua puta ke i roto i tenei rohe. Aircraft kawe pāhihi, hei urupare, ka taea e te tahi mau tauira hipokina te tawhiti o runga i 6000 kiromita. Neke atu i te wa, e taui te reira i te hanganga me te maha o ngā mema o kaumoana.

Kaimahi te taviniraa pāhihi rere

Katoa ngā kaimahi e whakatutuki ana ki te rere, e taea te wehea ki e rua ngā rōpū matua:

1. Kaimahi "i muri i nga scenes", e ngā tohunga hangarau i runga i te whenua, nga kaiwhakahaere i tiaki o te rere i te rererangi, kaiwhakahaere, me te tahi atu kaimahi.
2. te waka. Tei Ko tōna hanganga i runga i te momo o te waka rererangi. Ēnei ngā te rangatira, tahi-pairati, kaipūkaha me te rere pononga.

Ko te waka whakaaetia ki rere, me tino tohu. Ko te pūkenga o enei iwi, me te kaha ki te āta whakarite i te whakaritenga haumaru whakawhirinaki i runga i te ora o nga pāhihi i runga i te poari i te ata noho, me te kounga nui o te mahi i roto i te rere.

haumaru rere rite tei te katoa i runga i te ngaio o ia kaimahi, he mea tino kore nui, te putanga mai i te reira ki te rangi rere i runga i te whenua ranei.

Whakaritenga mō ngā kauhoe rere

Whakatau ko wai te mea he mema o te waka, whakaaro he tikanga i roto i te taipitopito atu.

I roto i te wā Soviet i muri tonu tutuki te rere toru ranei ngā kauhoe tokowhā. I teie mahana hapai i tenei mahi e rua ranei e toru ngā mema kaumoana. Na roto i te whanaketanga o te tikanga hangarau rawa mamingatanga e tikanga kaiwhakatere o kauhoe rere. i roto i te cockpits o rere pāhihi hou ano hoki te tikanga i reira he varavara he wahi mo te rere kaipūkaha. Ka rite ki te tikanga whānui, te hanganga o te waka ngā anake o rangatira o te kaipuke, me te tahi-pairati, e kore tae atu i te kaimahi rere.

Ko te whakaritenga matua mō ngā kaiurungi whakatakoto na-ka karanga "tohu". tohu ana tēnei wāhanga i te maha o haora pau i roto i te rangi. Ko te teitei te "tohu", te atu ite e whakaaro ia. Hoki te rangatira o te rererangi ki te mahi iti e te tikanga 4,000 haora e rere. I te wa ano i runga i ona ringa tika me whai e ia te tiwhikete kaiurungi tika. Ko te rangatira rererangi ko anake te kawenga mō te haumarutanga o te taha haukāinga, me te tango i tetahi whakataunga nui.

Whakaritenga i runga i te ngaro i roto i te rererangi tono ki te rua i te pairati. Kei te karanga a hoki tona tūranga te rangatira kaiāwhina o te kaumoana. I roto i te take o te wahi o ako'i ratou i runga i te poari, e kore e taea e huaina reira he tahi-pairati. te nuinga o Kei tahi-pairati i roto i te vahi pailati e i roto i te nohoanga matau, me te rangatira - i roto i te maui. E mārama mau ohipa katoa i waenganui i te ngaio e rua. Ia mahi he wahi anake o te raruraru.

kaimahi rere

Kua tonu kaimahi rere i whakakake o Civil Aviation. I teie mahana te waka rite ngā kaimahi ngā kore anake kōtiro engari ano tamariki. He whānui kaimahi Tūmahi rere:

• aroturuki tamau o te fare ki te tirohanga ki te whakautu wā ki ngā kaupapa rerekē.
• Whakarite i te haumaru o ngā pāhihi.
• Hōneatanga, me te whakautu wā ki fakatu'upakeé, tae atu whakaoho i runga i te poari ki te arepurepu kaha, paoa, me ētahi atu.
• ratonga pāhihi.

Tei runga i te momo o te waka rererangi, e taea ona noho rere i tetahi ki te tekau ma wha pononga rere. Ko maha kaiwhakahaere ratonga wahi o te waka o te rererangi pāhihi. i whakarite ona hanganga e te ture, te momo o te waka rererangi, me ngā whakaritenga rererangi atu.

I roto i te hou whakataetae rererangi ā-vai i roto i te piha haapiiraa o ngā ratonga pāhihi transportation. Heoi, ehara i te mea nohinohi ki te kitea runga te kaihoko waipiro, me te kaitao whakangungua. Ko wāhanga o te waka ano hoki ratou.

Whakangungu me te nohonga o te kauhoe

Ka rite ki te tikanga, e kore titau te raihana mō te waka fare i roto i te ao. He whakangungu whakahauanga me te tohutohu haumaru. Kei roto te reira i te kaha ki te kauhoe, ki te whakautu hohoro ki fakatu'upakeé, te whakangungu i runga i ngā paerewa haumaru. kawea ana tēnei whakangungu i roto i runga i te whenua mō ētahi marama, aru e te whakamātautau. Kei te āta aro turukihia maha Air ki te whakarite e taki te tākuta te hauora o ngā kaimahi, ngā mema o te kaumoana. Composition (whakaahua whakaaturia), o nei e te rere Komihana, kia tino ki ngā tohunga, whakamatautau kaiurungi me katipa rere. Doctors te kore tenei mahi e kore e whakaaetia te Kōmihana.

Ki te kaiurungi ko rerekē te āhuatanga. Me mamae ratou i te ā-tau anō-tohu, e ngā:

1. whakamātautau Flight (taka atu kotahi te tau).
2. simulator Test rere (tukua rua te tau).
3. he akoranga faahaamana'oraa no runga i te whenua.

Ko reira whakahauanga ano hoki nga kaiurungi ko te whakamātautau hauora. E pā ana te taua whakaritenga me Engineers rere. Hoki tangata i runga i 40 tau o te kōmihana hauora e wahi katoa 6 marama mo te hunga i raro i 40 tau tau - kotahi te tau.

Crew mahi haora

Mahi i roto i te rangi e pā ana tonu ki te ahotea. Ko Ko te aha te hunga katoa e he wahi o te waka, te whakakite i kore o te moe, me te rohirohi. whakaritea te pātai o te nui o te wā me waiho i te mau melo rōpū i roto i te wāhi mahi e wehe e ia rererangi, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te ture i te whenua o.

Otiia, e noho whakapeka te pātai. e kore e tono te reira ki flights mo tawhiti poto. Otiia ki te rere hoki 10-16 haora tonu, faatiti'aifarohia te raruraru te takitahi. ture Common i runga i haora noa o te rererangi he tonu kahore.