Louvre Palace: hītori me ngā whakaahua

Louvre Palace (France) ko te whare taonga me te matatini hoahoanga i roto i te pokapū o Paris, i hanga i runga i maha tenetere. Tuatahi noho reira he pa nui, i muri hanga ki te whare kingi huatau. I teie mahana, Ko reira te whare taonga nui i roto i te ao ki te kohinga taonga o mahi o toi.

whakaahuatanga

fare nui rawa o Europe hītori, tahuri ki te whare taonga, Kei runga i te taha matau o te Seine. Hoki 800 nga tau, i hanga te matatini e rave rahi taime. I roto i ngā hoahoanga horomia Louvre huānga o anō, Baroque, neo-puāwaitanga me te tūmōmō. Ētahi whare, Āpitihia ki tahi i te tahi, kia rite ki te katoa riro te hanganga kaha, whakaarahia ki runga ki te mahere o te tapawhā elongated. O te akoranga, tetahi o nga mātanga tino nui o Paris ko te Louvre Palace.

mahere matatini ngā:

• te whare matua, arā, o toru hono wahi ara;
• puaretanga raro, i te mea te wahi e kitea o te Napoleon tara karaihe i roto i te iari;
• kikorangi whakamanamana carousel me Tuileries Gardens.

Ko te matatini o te whare ki te rohe katoa o te 60 ki te 600 m ² taonga ki neke atu i te 35 000 mahi o toi. He kainga tupu ao ngā kōwaiwai, ngā, whakapaipai, ngā rā, ngā āhuatanga hoahoanga, te uhi i te wā i nga wa onamata ki te rau tau waenganui-iwa. I roto i te whakaaturanga tino nui - stele ki Code o Hammurabi, he whakairo o Nike o Hamotarakia, te peita "Mona Lisa" e Leonardo da Vinci me ētahi atu masterpieces.

wawe Middle

Louvre Palace, e rā hoki ki te rau tau XII, mahi tuatahi rite te mahi pono ārai. I te wa o te rangatiratanga Piripi Akuhata II waho o Paris i hanga tridtsatimetrovoy pourewa ārai - te mau. Whakaturia a tawhio reira 10 pourewa iti hono taiepa.

I roto i aua wa ririhau, mai te mōrea matua i te raki: i taea e tetahi kau te patu i nga Vikings te tinihanga ranei ki te torona French i whakatupuranga Plantagenet me Capetian. I tua atu, ko te hononga ki te kingi o Ingarangi i te Duchy o Normandy, kei roto i te tata.

i mahi te pa rite mahi tautiaki-ārai. Ka taea te kite i nga wahi takitahi o te pourewa i te puhera. no ratou ki te arai, whakatapua ki te hītori o te Louvre, a whakaaturia he rahui whaipara. Ko reira taea e hanga te kingi he whare i runga i te turanga o te pūnaha ārai wawe. Ratau, te kupu "Louvre" i roto i te reo o te Francs tikanga "kaitutei".

te mutunga o Middle

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te tekau ma wha rau tau kua pehia te Louvre Palace huringa whakaari. Na roto i taua wa, kua whakawhānui Paris tino. taiepa pa New me te whare tawhito i roto whakaarahia nga rohe pa i. I mara te te faufaa rautaki o te hanganga ārai. hanga Charles V Potó te pa ki te pa māngai a oho tona tari matua.

i radically hanga Donjon. I takatū te tahora roto mō ngā hiahia noho, i reira ko tetahi tuanui ki tihi. Huri noa quadrangle hanga whare noho, me te arumoni o te teitei kotahi. Runga ake i te kuwaha matua whakatika rua taumaihi huatau iti, i hoatu e te hanga o te tetahi huatau.

Ko te wahi o raro o te taiepa wāhanga tiaki ki tenei ra. Toenga o ngā whare noho i te hauwhā o te parirau rawhiti o te Louvre tenei. I roto i ngā - i te quadrangle te marae tapawha a tawhio noa.

Renaissance

I roto i te rau tau tekau ma ono, Francis faaoti ahau ki te reinvent Louvre Palace. Ko te kaihoahoa Per Lesko whakaarohia ki anō i te pa i roto i te kāhua o te French Renaissance. anga mahi i roto i te 1546, ka haere tonu i raro i Henry II.

whare hou tuatahi ko ki te whai i te āhua tapawhā ki te marae nui (Huru Kare) engari te mutunga ke ki te āhua tapawha. I roto i te ora o Pierre Lescot i hanga reira he wahi anake o te parirau te hauauru i te taha ki te tonga. Ko te reira i te whare tino tiaki matamua o tenei Louvre.

Kaihoahoa whānui tono ki te hoahoanga puka puāwaitanga, te whakakotahi ratou ki te kura French tuku iho (tuanui tiketike ki rūmanga). huru no te whare e te wahapū tahi o te paruru, ki toru rohe o discontinuities i te puka o matapihi tapawhā tihi ki pediments tapatoru, wehea e pou me ona whakamahau i runga i te papa whenua. kō atu paruru maha whakairo. Louvre Palace i roto i māngai kore iti iho i te titiro faahiahia. Lesko, tahi ki te toi hanga Jean Goujon te Hall nui ki te whakapakoko o Riana.

Ko te roha o te whare rangatira

I roto i te kingitanga o Ekateriny Medichi i hanga reira i muri ki te whare o te Tuileries , a whakawhanakehia te ariā o te toronga ki ngā ana whare Louvre. a Henry IV ki te whakatinana i te kaupapa.

I purea toenga Louvre Palace Tuatahi i te raka tawhito , me te marae whakawhānui. Na ka oti te kaihoahoa Jacques ko Louis Métezeau Andrue hanga o te taiwhanga Petite ka timata te mahi i runga i te taiwhanga nui (Grand Gallerie), i hono te Louvre me nga Tuileries.

Kua i tenei wā o te matatini riro te reira i te arotahi o te pūtaiao me te ahurea. noho te reira i te whare tā, he miniti. Na ka i roto i tetahi o nga whare i whakaaetia ki te noho me te kaiwhakairo mahi, kaipeita, rei, watchmakers, ringa kaihanga, whakairo, raranga.

rau XVII

tonu Louvre Palace ki te tupu me te i roto i te rautau tekau mā whitu. Louis XIII kua tangohia ake te tukapaku, o ona matua. I raro i ia tīmata Zhak Lemerse hanga o te teneti i te 1624 haora, ka ka whakaarahi te whare raki - te kape o te taiwhanga o Pierre Lescot.

Louis XIV, i te ngoikore hoki kaupapa grandiose, whakahau ki wahia te whare tawhito, me te whakaoti i te wāhi i te marae a tawhio noa. I hangaia katoa ratou i roto i te kāhua taua. Otiia ko te whāinga tino hao te hanga o te whakamahau Te Tai Rāwhiti.

Mai tenei wahi o te whare e anga ana te pa, faaoti i te reira ki te hanga i te tino mīharo. i karangatia te pai kaihoahoa Pākehā o te wā. Ko te kaupapa tino hao aroaro te Italian Giovanni Bernini. whakaarohia e ia ki te wahia te whare katoa, ka hanga he tetahi hou. Whakaaro pehea te tuutuu ore uaua, me te matatini hanga te kingi o mua, i kapea te whakaaro. Klod perro (tuakana pakiwaitara teina Sharlya perro) whakawhanakehia he ngātahitia, i nei fakalili'a maitai.

Paris kanohi

puta ke Te Tai Rāwhiti whakamahau te Louvre Palace. Whakamārama 173-mita tohunga hanga tohu e whai ake nei - ko te whakatinanatanga teitei o te whakaaro o te Classicism French. kihai tino i te wa o te hoahoanga Roma nui Klod perro, he āhuatanga o e hawhe-tīwae me pou. i whakakapi ratou e tīwae rangi tuwhera i roto i te kāhua Korinetia, e pupuri ana ake te tuanui flat (i i hoki te auahatanga).

Ko reira maere e (mau he whaiaro-whakaako) C. Perrault taea hoatu te kororia o te whare ki waho o te whakairo whīwhiwhi me "whakapaipai", na rongonui i roto i te rau tau XVII. Ana whakaaro Rapa kia mauritau, e titiro te papa whenua nui, tangohia ake e te kaihoahoa puta noa Europe. momo rite o whare ki reira, me te i roto i St Petersburg. Ko te whakaaro ki te waiho i te takirua tīwae waenganui i nga matapihi, i runga i te ringa kotahi, i āwhina ki te pupuri i te airiness o te Parapara, i runga i te tahi atu - ki te whakanui ake i te nui o te marama tomo nga ruma.

rau VXIII-XX

I roto i tenei wā ngaro te Louvre Palace te mana o te whare mo te kingitanga. I roto i te 1682 oho Korol Lyudovik me tona tira ki Versailles. noho oti maha ruma. A, no te tonu Napoleon Bonaparte hanga. E ai ki te kaupapa tāpiri Visconti ki te parirau raki. Fontaine ko Percier - i hanga ara hou.

I roto i te rau tau XX (1985-1989 tau), te kaihoahoa rongonui IM Pei e whakaarohia he hoahoa maia me te huatau o te whare taonga raro. I roto i tenei take kawea he tāuru atu ki te Louvre i roto i te koeko karaihe wā kotahi te kikorangi o te whare raro.

hanganga o ngā kohinga

timata ngā kohinga Unique o te Louvre ki te hanga i mai te wa o Kingi Francis ahau, admirer toi Italian. huihuia e ia i roto i ana mahi i tona noho whenua Fontainebleau o te Renaissance, a ka heke ki Paris.

I te hui o Francis i ahau peita o Raphael, Michelangelo, kohinga o mea. I tua atu, karangatia te ariki i nga Apennines o te pai Italian kaihoahoa, kaipeita, rei, kaiwhakairo. Ko te rongonui tino o tona āheinga ko Leonardo da Vinci, te faufaa ai'a o i haere ki te peita Louvre "Mona Lisa."

I roto i te kingitanga o te ariki Henry IV Louvre Palace i Paris i te pokapū toi o France. i pinepine o rangatira pai-mohiotia, ka te pūtake mo te whare taonga heke mai nei mahi te Taiwhanga Grand. hoki i aroha Louis XIV ataahua katoa. I roto i tona tari kingi, i reira nga rima rau peita, French, Ara, Italian me toi Tatimana.

whai wāhi te French Revolution ki te whanaketanga o te whare taonga, me tona panoni ki te whare tūmatanui. nationalized kohikohinga o nga kingi, aristocrats, nga hahi i a piri te whare taonga. Kua waiho kaupapa Napoleonic te puna o ētahi o nga puaretanga e whai ake nei. I muri i te hinganga o Napoleon i hoki neke atu i te 5000 nga wahi o riro rangatira o mua, engari he tokomaha noho i roto i te Louvre.

Ko te hanganga o te whare taonga

26/07/1791 wāhanga Assembly whakahau ki huihui i roto i te whare o te Louvre "urupa o toi me pūtaiao." Hoki taonga tūmatanui i whakatuwheratia i runga i 11/18/1793.

I roto i te rau tau XX te Louvre Palace, e te photo patu kororia, kua oti ngā huringa. Re taiwhanga raro ki te koeko karaihe i hanga, a ka wehea kohinga o te whare taonga. He i anake mahi hanga i mua i 1848. oho muri mai peita Impressionism ki te Museum o Orsay me Impressionism. Ko te hunga whakaaturanga e kua hanga i muri i 1914 ko te Center National mo ratou. Georges Pompidou.