O te hangarau, Hono
LTE Whatunga - he aha te mea te reira? Aratau, te hanganga, me te mahi o te whatunga LTE
Te whatunga LTE kua tata kua whakaaetia e te 3GPP. Na roto i te whakamahi o te taua atanga rangi whatunga taea whiwhi tawhā whakahaere ta'ehanotatau i roto i ngā o te tere mōrahi i ai tuku raraunga ko, te torohūtanga o whakawhiti pākete, me te pai spectral. Ko te kaituhi te mea e taea te whakarewatanga o whatunga LTE te whakamahi o te tūāwhiorangi irirangi, hangarau multiantennuyu, hongere urutaunga he tikanga whakahōtaka atu ngāwari, anō-whakahaere o te tānga raraunga, me te mana te mana.
prehistory
aunui Mobile, e hāngai ana nei i runga i pākete hangarau tuku raraunga i tere tiketike i runga i te paerewa HSPA, kua riro whakaaetia whānuitia e ngā kaiwhakamahi o whatunga pūtau. Heoi, me haere tonu tatou i ki te hanga i te whakapai ake o ratou ratonga, mo te tauira, te whakamahi i te hua i roto i te tere translation raraunga, whakaiti torohūtanga me te whakapiki ake i te kaha whatunga whānui me te whakaritenga kaiwhakamahi mō ngā ratonga kei te aranga tonu taua kōrero. Ki tenei whakaaro, a ka i whakaputaina e te whakatakotoranga radiointrfeysov HSPA Evolution me LTE 3GPP huinga.
Ko te rerekētanga matua i putanga mua
rerekē LTE whatunga paerewa i te āhuatanga pai ake whakawhanakehia mua pūnaha 3G, tae atu i te tere mōrahi i ai te whakawhitinga o te mōhiohio - i runga i 300 megabits ia rua roa whakawhiti pākete e kore e nui 10 hākonamano a ko nui teitei tōtika spectral. Ka taea te kawea te hanga o whatunga LTE i roto i te here auau hou, me te rite i roto i ngā ngā.
tūnga tēnei reo irirangi kei te rite te otinga, ki nei āta ka neke ngā i paerewa pūnaha e te tīariari i te kau, ko 3GPP ko 3GPP2. He whanaketanga o tenei atanga - ko ha sitepu mahu'inga rawa ki te hanganga o paerewa whatunga IMT-Arā 4G, e ko te whakatupuranga hou tenei. I roto i te meka, i roto i te whakatakotoranga LTE kua kei te nuinga o nga āhuatanga e i te tikanga tuatahi mō ngā pūnaha 4G.
Ko te parau tumu whakahaere o te atanga irirangi
Radio kōrero e te āhuatanga āhuatanga o e ngā i roto i te meka e kore he tamau i roto i te wa, me te wāhi me te auau ti'aturi te kounga hongere reo irirangi. Here kia mea ai e te huri ngā tere te tawhā kōrero e tika ana ki te multipath whakatö. Ki te mau tonu te auau tonu o te utu o te mōhiohio i runga i te hongere reo irirangi, te nuinga whakamahi i te maha o ngā huarahi ki te whakaiti i taua huringa, ara - ko te ngā tikanga tuku kanorau. I te wa ano i roto i te tukanga o te whakawhitihia pākete o ngā kaiwhakamahi mōhiohio e kore e taea e kite tonu te rerekē wā-poto i roto i te auau moka. riro aratau whatunga LTE rite te parau tumu whānui kore whakaiti uru irirangi, me te whakamahi o te huringa tere i roto i te kounga hongere reo irirangi i roto i te tikanga ki te whakanui whakamahi pai o ngā rauemi reo irirangi e wātea ana i ia wāhi wā. whakatinana ana tēnei i roto i te auau me te wa rohe e OFDM uru irirangi hangarau.
pūrere whatunga LTE
He aha te momo o te pūnaha e taea anake te mohio ki ki te mārama me pēhea te te whakaritea te reira. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te hangarau OFDM tikanga, e uhinga a te whakawhitinga o ngā raraunga puta noa subcarriers narrowband maha. Ko te whakamahi o te muri i roto i te taha ki te pīmua huringa taea ki a koe te hanga i tētahi hononga i runga i te pūtake o te manene pae tino OFDM-ātete o te tawhā hongere reo irirangi, ka taea tata faaore i te hiahia mō ngā equalizers matatini i te taha o kaiwhiwhi. Ko te tino whai hua mo te whakahaere o te awa e heke iho tenei āhuatanga, pera i roto i tenei take, ko te reira taea ki te faaohie i te tukatuka o te kaiwhiwhi tohu i runga i te auau matua, reira te whakaiti i te utu o te pūrere kāpeka, me te kaha pau e ratou. A riro tino nui tenei, no te whakamahi i 4G LTE whatunga ki te tuku i roto i te aratau o miro maha.
teihana Uplink, ai te mea te nuinga raro atu i roto i te downlink te mana itehia i titau whakaurunga whakahauanga i roto i te mōhiohio mahi tikanga tuku pūngao-pai mo te kapinga mōrahi, te whakaiti te mana kohi o te pūrere tangohanga, me te tona utu. arahina nga tūhuratanga ki te meka e inaianei mo te hongere Uplink whakamahi LTE he mōhiohio hangarau auau kotahi päpäho i roto i te puka o te OFDM ki te manene o nga ture e hāngai ana o te motuhake Fourier taui. Tenei otinga e āhei ki te whakarite ōwehenga iti o te taumata mana toharite, me te mōrahi i roto i rite ki te puoro tuku iho, e taea te whakapai ake te kakama, me te faaohie i te hanganga o nga whakaaro kāpeka.
Ka taea te whakaatu i te rauemi taketake whakamahia i roto i whakawhitihia kōrero i runga i te hangarau ODFM i te puka o te whatunga wā-auau, e hāngai ana ki te huinga o ngā tohu OFDM me subcarriers i roto i te wa, me te auautanga rohe. riro aratau whatunga LTE e rite te huānga e rua poraka raraunga tuatahi rauemi whakamahia konei, e hāngai ana ki te ropu auau o 180 kHz me te wā wa o tetahi hākonamano. Ka taea te mohio te whānui o tere mō te tuku raraunga whānui mā te whakakotahi i te rauemi auau, te tautuhinga kōrero tawhā tae atu auau waehere me te raupapa puoro o te kōwhiringa.
āhuatanga hangarau
Ki te whakaaro tatou ki te whatunga LTE, he aha te mea te reira, ka riro te reira mārama i muri i etahi whakamārama. Hei whakatutuki i nga ngā taumata tiketike e kua whakatakotoria mo te atanga rangi o te whatunga, whakaritea ona ngā he maha o ngā kaua nui me ngā āhuatanga. Ka kia whakaahuatia Next, ia o nei i te tohu taipitopito o ratou pānga i runga i taua āhuatanga nui rite te kaha o te rohe rohe whatunga, te wa roa, me te tere tuku raraunga.
Ngāwari o te whakamahi o te tūāwhiorangi irirangi
Ture, e mahi i roto i te rohe ngā matawhenua, pā te ara ka kōrero pūkoro kia whakaritea. E ko, whakaritea e ratou te tūāwhiorangi tohaina ki te auautanga rerekē irirangi awhe here unpaired takirua ranei o ngā whānuitanga rerekē. Ngāwari - Ko tetahi o nga painga nui o LTE hihinga irirangi, e taea tona whakamahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē i tēnei. LTE architecture whatunga taea kore anake ki te mahi i roto i te rerekē awhe auau, engari here auau ispolzovat he ngā whānuitanga rerekē i 1.25 ki te 20 MHz. I tua atu, ka taea e te pūnaha taua kawe i mahi i roto i here auau Takirua, me te unpaired, te pupuri wa me te auau Matarua te whakaatu i.
Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te whakaaro kāpeka, ka takirua ispolzovanenii taea wae auau here mahi i roto i te aratau tonu-Matarua hawhe-Matarua ranei. Te aratau tuarua, whakamana nei e te tuku kāpeka me fariiraa o raraunga i ngā wā rerekē, me te i iarere rerekē he ātaahua hoki nui te whakaiti nga whakaritenga ki te āhuatanga faaite tātari Matarua. Nā ki tenei ko reira taea ki te whakaiti i te utu o ngā pūrere kāpeka. I tua atu, i reira he he faingamālie mo te whakataki o nga here auau takirua ki te mokowā Matarua iti. Huri i te reira i roto i e taea te whakarite te whatunga kōrero pūkoro LTE i roto i tata tetahi tohatoha o te tūāwhiorangi auau.
Ko te raruraru anake i roto i te whanaketanga o te hangarau reo irirangi, e whakarato ana radispektra tono ngāwari - ki te hanga i te pūrere kōrero hototahi. Ki tenei whäinga i roto i te hangarau LTE whakatinana hanganga tāpare ōrite i roto i te take o here auau o ngā whānuitanga rerekē, me te rerekē aratau Matarua.
raraunga haapurororaa Maha-pūihi
Ko te whakamahi o te haapurororaa maha-pūihi i roto i ngā pūnaha kōrero pūkoro taea te whakapai ake i to ratou mahi, a ka whakarei ake o ratou kaha i roto i ngā o te tiaki kiritaki. Pani whatunga LTE tā te whakamahi o rua tikanga tuku maha-pūihi: kanorau, me te maha-whiria, rite te take motuhake e tu i roto i te hanganga o te kurupae pūihi kuiti. kia whakaaro mōhiohio Diversity rite te tikanga o equalizing te taumata tohu i te mea i rua Antennas, e mawehe rumaki i roto i te tohu taumata-hohonu e kua riro e ia pūihi takitahi.
Ka taea e kite koe i atu whatunga LTE: he aha te mea te reira, a pehea whakamahia e te reira katoa o enei aratau? hāngai ana te tikanga kanorau tuku konei te i runga i te whakawaehere auau mokowā o poraka raraunga, tāpiri nei i te wā kanorau ki te nekehanga auau i roto i te tono o te wha Antennas wā kotahi. Kei te te tikanga tuku kanorau whakamahia mō te takere downlink ngā wahi e kore e taea ki te tono i te mahi whakaritenga i runga i te huru o te rānei hongere kōrero. Ko te kupu e taea te whakamahi Kanorau tuku mō te whakawhiti raraunga kaiwhakamahi, hei tauira, VoIP waka. Nā ki te kaha āhua iti o tenei waka e kore e taea e whakatika i te rererangi atu e kua e pā ana ki te mahi whakaritenga whakahuatia mua. Nā ki te kanorau o te whakawhiti raraunga ko reira taea ki te whakapiki ake i te pūtoro o te pūtau, me te kaha o te whatunga.
tuku Multithreaded mō te whakawhiti tukutahi o te maha o te mōhiohio rere i runga i tetahi hongere reo irirangi, ko te ki te whakamahi i maha riro a tuku he Antennas i roto i te taputapu kāpeka me te whatunga teihana turanga, aua. Tenei tino whakanuia ana te auau raraunga mōrahi o te haapurororaa. Hei tauira, ki te rite rawa te pūrere kāpeka te ki e wha Antennas me te tokomaha e wātea ana i runga i te teihana turanga, he mea mau ko reira te tuku tukutahi i runga i tetahi teihana reo irirangi ki te wha raraunga awa, tuku ki te hanga mau te reira e wha nga wa atu hōkaiipurangi.
Ki te whakaaro tatou ki te whatunga o te LTE - homai reira ki a ia te whakatutuki tōtika nui - ka utu ki te faaoti e no te mahi te kounga i roto i ngā tikanga whakahaere, whakatinana tenei hangarau kua urutau tuku maha-awa, e taea ai e koe te whakatika i tonu te maha o nga awa tuku wā kotahi, i roto i runga i te tonu-kope āhua hono. Ki te taea te kawea i roto i te āhua hongere pai te wā kotahi tuku ake ki te wha raraunga awa e taea te whakatutuki i reiti tuku ake ki te 300 megabits ia rua i te hōkaiipurangi auau o te 20 mekahera.
Ki te kore te mea pera pai te āhua hongere, hanga te tuku kei te iti awa. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, e taea te whakamahi i te pūihi ki te hanga i te tauira kurupae kuiti, te whakanui ake i te kounga fariiraa whānui, e te mutunga arata'i ki te whakapiki ake i te kaha pūnaha me te roha o te rohe mahi. Ki te whakarite i tētahi wāhi kapinga whānui ranei whakawhiti raraunga i te tere tiketike, he mea ka taea ki te tuku i tetahi awa raraunga ki te kurupae kuiti, ki te whakamahi i takere noa raraunga haapurororaa mokowā ranei.
Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o whatunga LTE fokotuu e ka tikanga te whakahōtaka te tohatoha o ngā rauemi whatunga roto kaiwhakamahi raraunga. whakarato Here whakaritenga hihiri i roto i te downlink me Uplink takere. whatunga LTE i roto i Russia whakaturia ake i te kau kia rite ki te taurite te takere o kōrero me te mahi whānui o te pūnaha katoa.
LTE atanga irirangi tā te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi whakaritenga, i runga i te huru o te hongere kōrero rānei. Ki te taea te reira whakawhiti raraunga ka kīia e tiketike, tutuki nei i roto i te whakamahi o teitei puoro kia, te tuku o te mōhiohio atu awa, te whakaiti i te tohu o te awa waehere, me te whakaiti i te maha o pāhotanga tukurua. Ki te mahi i tenei tā te auau me te e āhuatanga rauemi wa e tikanga āhua pai mō te kōrero. Huri i te reira i roto i i mahi i te whakawhitinga o tetahi moni i homai o ngā raraunga i roto i te wā poto o te wā.
whatunga LTE i Russia, pera i roto i ētahi atu whenua, kei te hangaia kia taua ratonga waka, e kua nohoia e whakamua pākete ki payloads iti i muri i te wā wa taua, ka taea e meinga he hiahia ki te whakapiki ake i te rōrahi o te faaiteraa waka e hiahiatia ana e te mo te whakaritenga hihiri. Kia ara nui te reira i te nui o ngā mōhiohio tuku e te kaiwhakamahi. Ko Ko te aha i reira he he mea pēnei i te whakahōtaka pateko o te whatunga LTE. Ko, riro te reira mārama, ki te mea tatou e kōwhiria e te kaiwhakamahi te rauemi auau irirangi mo te tuku o te tau motuhake o te iti-papa.
Nā ki te huarahi o te urutaunga he taea ki te "kotēhia i nga mea katoa ka taea" i te hongere ki te mahi hihiri. āhei te reira ki a koe te tīpako i tētahi hongere Tapa kaupapa me te puoro i roto i runga i te mea tikanga āhuatanga whatunga kōrero LTE. E e te mea mārama ki te ki te mea e pānga ana mahi te auau o te pāpāho raraunga, me te te tūponotanga o te awa i tetahi hapa.
Te mana i roto i te Uplink me ngā
Tenei āhuatanga mo te whakahaere o te taumata mana itehia i te taha o te terminals, ki te whakapiki ake i te kaha whatunga, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te kōrero, ki te hanga i te rohe rohe atu ki te whakaiti i kohi pūngao. Hei whakatutuki i enei whāinga, ahu tikanga mana mana ki te whakanui i te taumata whai hua o te tohu tāuru i whakaiti raweketia.
whatunga LTE "Beeline" me ētahi atu tauākī whakaaro e te tohu i roto i te Uplink e poutū, e kei i waenganui i ngā kaiwhakamahi i roto i te pūtau taua kia kore pokanoa tahi, i te iti rawa, pā tenei ki nga tikanga pai o te kōrero. Ko te taumata o te haruru hanga e ngā kaiwhakamahi i roto i ngā pūtau pātata, tei runga i te wahi i te kāpeka emitting, e ko e founga attenuates reira te tohu i runga i te ara ki te pūtau. whakaritea whatunga LTE "Megaphone" kei roto i te ara ano. Ka riro te reira tika ki te mea: ko te ofi ange ko te kāpeka i roto i te pūtau tata, te teitei te taumata haruru, e hanga ana e ia i roto i reira. Terminals, e te hunga i te tawhiti nui i te pūtau tata taea tuku tohu mana rahi i roto i rite ki terminals kei ki taua mea i roto i te tata.
Nā ki te orthogonality o tohu i roto i te Uplink kia multiplexed tohu i rerekē terminals mana i roto i te hongere taua i roto i te pūtau taua. Tenei te tikanga e reira he kahore he take ki te utu mo te pakū tohu e whakatika tika ki multipath whakatö o ngaru irirangi, a taea te whakamahi ratou ki te whakapiki ake i te auau raraunga haapurororaa te whakamahi i te urutaunga me te whakaritenga tikanga mo takere kōrero.
raraunga relaying
Tata tetahi pūnaha kōrero, me te whatunga LTE i roto i Ukraine he kahore okotahi, i te wa wa ki te hanga hape i roto i te tukanga o te whakawhiti raraunga, hei tauira, e tika ana ki te tohu i memenge, whakararu haruru ranei. tiaki Hapa whakaratohia e te tikanga o te retransmission o ngaro kino ranei wāhanga o te kōrero ki te hei mau paruru ki te whakarite kōrero te kounga teitei. whakamahia te rauemi reo irirangi kei te atu auhia, ki te whakaritea te kawa retransmission raraunga te tōtika. Hei whakamahi i te tere tiketike atanga rangi hope roa, hangarau LTE he pūnaha raraunga taumata-rua hihiri whai hua tānga e whakatinana ranu ARQ. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te rererangi iti e hiahiatia ana mō te urupare me te raraunga retransmission, tāpiri kawa tukurua whiriwhiri o tika tiketike.
hanga ana tēnei otinga reira taea ki te kī i te pākete roa haapurororaa iti ki nga rererangi iti, me te tika kōrero ki whai. kawa HARQ taea ki te kitea, ka whakatika i te nuinga o nga hapa, i arata'i ki te whakamahi, kaua onge o kawa ARQ, mai i te whai pānga te reira ki nui nga rererangi, me te ki he hua i roto i te torohūtanga o pākete pāhotanga.
Ko te teihana turanga ko te kōpuku mutunga, e tautoko ana e rua o enei tikanga, te whakarato i te hononga tata o ngā taumata o enei tikanga e rua. I roto i nga painga ngā o tenei hoahoanga taea te huaina i te tere tiketike ki te whakakore i ngā hapa e noho i muri i te mahi HARQ, me te nui whakaritenga o ngā mōhiohio tuku mā te whakamahi i te kawa ARQ.
Ko te LTE atanga reo irirangi he mahi nui, whakawhetai ki ona wāhanga matua. Ngāwari taea te whakamahi o te atanga rangi irirangi kaha i runga i tetahi rauemi auau e wātea ana. whakarato te hangarau LTE he maha o ngā āhuatanga e whakarite te tono whai hua o te taiao kōrero tere te huri. Tei runga i te huru teihana, he mahi whakahōtaka homai kaiwhakamahi te rauemi pai. Taupānga o hangarau maha-pūihi whakaiti te tohu memenge me ki te huarahi hongere urutaunga taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga o te waehere me te puoro, te whakapūmau i ngā āhuatanga kounga kōrero tino pai.
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