Mahara Flash. SSD. Ko nga momo o te mahara flash. kāri mahara

mahara Flash Ko te momo o te mahara roa-pumau mo rorohiko, i roto i nei e taea te reprogrammed te tirotiro tango he tikanga hiko ranei. I roto i te rite ki Electrically ka mukua programmable Lau mahi Memory anake i runga i te reira e taea te whakamana i roto i te poraka e te hunga i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē. utu mahara Flash tawhiti iti iho i te EEPROM, na kua meinga reira te hangarau tino. Rawa i roto i ngā āhuatanga i reira e hiahia ana koe i te tiaki raraunga on me wā roa-. whakaaetia Ko tōna whakamahi i roto i te momo o huru: i roto i te kaitākaro mamati oro, kāmera, waea pūkoro me smartphones, te wahi i reira he tono phi motuhake i runga i te kāri mahara. I tua atu, kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te USB-rakau, ngā whakamahia ki te rokiroki i ngā mōhiohio me te whakawhiti i waenganui i rorohiko. riro ia te tetahi notoriety i roto i te ao petipeti, te wahi te maha ngā reira ki te pepa mō te rokiroki raraunga i runga i te ahunga whakamua o te kēmu.

whakaahuatanga whānui

mahara Flash Ko te momo e he taea ki te rokiroki i ngā mōhiohio i runga i to koutou kāri mo te wa roa, kahore te whakamahi i te mana. I tua atu kia tuhia te reira teitei uru raraunga tere, me te pai ātete ru nekeneke i roto i rite ki te kōpae mārō. Ngā mihi ki taua āhuatanga, kua meinga reira he tohutoro hoki ngā pūrere rongonui, powered e pūhiko me accumulators. Ko tētahi atu painga whakakorekore ko e ka te kōpeke te kāri mahara flash ki te totoka, tata e taea ai ki te whakangaro i te tahi tikanga paerewa tinana, kia taea e tu i te reira te wai, me te pēhanga teitei kohua.

uru raraunga taumata-iti

Ko te tino rerekē i taua tono ki ngā momo tikanga te tikanga uru raraunga, kei roto i te mahara flash. whakamana taumata-iti te uru e te atekōkiri. whakautu RAM Normal tonu ki ngā waea te pānui i ngā mōhiohio me te record, hoki mai nga hua o taua ngā mahi, me he penei e ka tangohia te reira te wa mo te whakaata te pūrere mahara flash.

Te pūrere me te parau tumu o te mahi

I te kau, ki te mahara flash noa, hoahoa nei odnotranzistornyh āhuatanga ki te "tētē" kuwaha. Na roto i tenei ko reira taea ki te whakarato i te kiato rokiroki raraunga nui i roto i rite ki te RAM hihiri, e titau te rua o transistors me te huānga puritanga. I te kau he fonu ki te whānuitanga o ngā hangarau mō te hanga i te huānga taketake mō tenei momo o pāpāho, e kua hangaia e ārahi kaiwhakanao te mākete. Ko te rerekētanga ko te maha o ngā papa, tikanga o te tuhi me te ūkui mōhiohio me te whakahaere hanganga, e te nuinga o te wā kua tohua i roto i te taitara.

I te kau, i reira e o ngā momo o maramara e te hunga tino noa i te tokorua: NOR me NAND. I roto i rua transistors te mahara e hanga hononga ki te rārangi moka - i roto i te whakarara, me te i roto i te raupapa, aua. He āhua nui te momo tuatahi o te rahi pūtau, a reira ko te pea hoki uru tupurangi nohopuku, tuku ki a koutou mahia tika hōtaka i te mahara. huru no te tuarua e te rahi mata iti, me te te whai wāhi raupapa nohopuku e he nui atu watea ka ki te hiahia hanga he whakaaro poraka-momo e ka rokiroki nui o ngā mōhiohio.

Ka whakamahia e te nuinga o SSD pūrere kawe momo mahara NOR. Na, Heoi, kei te hoko i te reira whakaaro piki haere ki te atanga USB. whakamahi rātou i mahara NAND-momo. Ina e whakakapi reira te tuatahi.

Ko te raruraru matua - fragility

kihai i nga tauira tuatahi o te raupapa puku flash production pai kaiwhakamahi tere teitei. Na, Heoi, ko te tere tuhi me te pānui, ko te i te taumata e taea te tiro roa-tonu kiriata ranei rere i runga i te pūnaha mahi rorohiko. He maha o ngā kaiwhakanao i faaite kua te mīhini, te wahi whakakapia te puku mārō e mahara flash. Ko tenei hangarau he drawback rawa nui, e riro he tutukitanga ki te whakakapinga o te kawe raraunga o te kōpae autō ngā. Nā ki te āhua o ngā pūrere mahara flash taea reira, kōmuru me te mōhiohio tuhi he iti te maha o ngā huringa, i te mea whakatutuki, ara hoki ngā pūrere iti, me te kawe, e kore ki te whakahua i pēhea te maha kei te mahi i te reira i runga i rorohiko. Ki te whakamahi koe i tenei momo o te pāpāho rite te puku mārō-kāwanatanga i runga i te PC, ka hohoro mai te āhuatanga tino.

Ko tenei e tika ana ki te meka i hanga he puku taua kei i runga i te taonga o transistors mara-pānga ki te rokiroki i roto i te "tere" kuwaha tiaki hiko, te ngaro te aroaro o nei i roto i te transistor kite te rite te kotahi arorau ranei kore i roto i te ā-rua ranei pūnaha tau. Tuhi me te ūkui raraunga i roto i te NAND-mahara tunneled irahiko whakaputaina e te tikanga o Fowler-Nordheim whai wāhi uruhanga. Aita e titauhia ia ngaohiko tiketike, e taea ai e koe te hanga i te rahi pūtau iti. Ko arata'i rite tenei tukanga ki te ino-tinana o ngā pūtau, mai te nāianei hiko i roto i tenei take ai te irahiko ô te kuwaha, whawhati te uruhanga arai. Heoi, he ora papa kī taurangi o te mahara taua he kotahi tekau nga tau. e kore he Hekenga kongakonga no o te tai'oraa i te mōhiohio, engari no te mea o te ngā mahi o tona kōmuru ka tuhituhi, no te mea e kore e pānui rapua e huringa i roto i te hanganga o ngā pūtau, engari haere anake te nāianei hiko.

Noatia, kei te kaha te mahi kaiwhakanao mahara i roto i te ahunga o te whakanui ake i te ora mahi o puku kāwanatanga totoka o tenei momo: kua whakaritea e ratou ki te whakarite taurite o te tuhi / ūkui tukanga i roto i ngā pūtau o te ngohi ki tetahi e kore mau ake i ta etahi. Kei te pai hoki te ara hōtaka kawenga whärite whakamahia. Hei tauira, ki te whakakore i tenei āhuatanga pā ki "kakahu rapataumata" hangarau. He maha nga raraunga kaupapa ki te huri i, neke i te wāhi wāhitau o te mahara flash, no te mea kawea te lekooti e i roto i rite ki rerekē wāhitau tinana. rite rawa ia pūmana te me ona ake hātepe tīaroaro, na ko reira tino uaua ki te whakarite i te whai huatanga o ngā tauira rerekē rite kihai i nga kōrero whakatinanatanga whäkina. Ka rite ki nga tau o te rōrahi o te puku flash e hoko tika atu ki te whakamahi i hātepe tōtika atu e te tauturu i te whakarite i te pūmautanga o te mahi pūrere.

Raparongoā

homai Kotahi ara tino whai hua ki te ārai i te āhuatanga i te nui etahi o hapanga mahara, i nei whakarite te taurite o te kawenga kei te me hapa ako i te tikanga o hātepe motuhake mō te whakamua arorau tinana poraka whakauru tupu ki te whakamahi taimaha o te rakau mahara. A ki te ārai i te mate o ngā mōhiohio pūtau, hapa, āraia whakakapi e te tārua ranei. hanga taua pūmanawa reira taea ki te aukati tohatoha ki te whakarite taurite o te kawenga mā te whakanui ake i te maha o huringa i 3-5 wā, engari e kore te mea nui tenei.

kāri Memory me ētahi atu pūrere rokiroki rite e āhuatanga e te meka e i roto i to ratou rohe ratonga kei te rongoa ki te tepu pūnaha kōnae. ārai te reira i ngā mōhiohio lau rahunga i te taumata arorau, hei tauira, hē momotuhia te mutunga ohorere o te supply o te pūngao hiko ranei. A, mai ka whakamahi i ngā pūrere tango whakaratohia e te pūnaha Keteroki, te taupoki auau kua te pānga tino kino i runga i tirotiro tepu, me te whaiaronga te tohanga kōnae. A e kore e taea e ki te āwhina i roto i tenei āhuatanga ara hōtaka motuhake mō ngā kāri mahara. Hei tauira, mō te whāwhā kaiwhakamahi kotahi mano o ngā kōnae tārua. Na, te āhua, kotahi anake tono ki te poraka tuhi i roto i nei e whakanohoia e ratou. Otiia tuhituhi reta te rohe mahi ki ia whakahou tetahi kōnae, e te, kua tepu tohatoha tenei tukanga mano o nga wa pehia. Hoki tenei take, i roto i te wahi tuatahi e kore poraka nohoia e enei raraunga. Technology "whakaōritenga kākahu" mahi ki taua waeine, engari he iti tona whai huatanga. A ka kore e mea faufaa te reira te mea whakamahi koe i tō rorohiko, ka kia pakaru te puku kohiko noa ka e whakaratohia ai e te kaihanga.

E tano ia tapao e te whakanui ake i te kaha o taua whakaaro kua hua i roto i te maramara anake ki te meka e te katoa te maha o ngā huringa Tuhituhi heke, mai riro iti te pūtau, tono iti ngaohiko me ki ore oioi ngā pātaki waikura e tutakina "tētē kuwaha." Na konei ko taua te āhuatanga e te hua i roto i te kaha o ngā pūrere whakamahia te raruraru o to ratou tika, kua riro piki hë me te kāri piha haapiiraa ko inaianei ti'aturi i runga i ngā āhuatanga maha. whakaritea te mahi pono o te whakatau taua e ona āhuatanga hangarau me te te āhuatanga mākete anö i te kau. Nā ki te whakataetae e mura takoha kaiwhakanao ki te tapahia utu production i roto i tetahi ara. Tae atu na roto i te faaohieraa e te hoahoa, te whakamahi o ngā wāhanga o te huinga iti, mo te mana o te hanga, me te ngoikore i roto i te tahi atu mau rave'a. Hei tauira, te kāri mahara "Samsung" ka utu neke atu i te ritenga iti-mohiotia, engari tona tika he nui iti take. Ko konei, uaua rawa ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te ngaro oti o raruraru, a anake i runga i te whakaaro he uaua katoa kaiwhakanao unknown ki te titau te tahi mea atu.

opuaraa whanaketanga

Ahakoa i reira he painga kitea, i reira e he maha o huakore e tohu i te kāri SD-mahara, te ārai roha atu o tona tono. Kei te reira tonu te reira i rapu tamau mō rongoā rerekē i roto i tenei rohe. O te akoranga, te tuatahi o te katoa tamata ki te whakapai ake i ngā momo ngā o mahara flash, e kore nei e arahi ki te tahi mau huringa faufaa i roto i te tukanga whakaputa i ngā. Na e kore feaa kotahi anake: ka tamata kamupene whai wāhi hanga o enei momo o puku, ki te whakamahi i tona pūmanawa tonu, i mua i neke i runga i ki i te momo rerekē o tonu ki te whakapai ake i te hangarau tuku iho. Hei tauira, hua tēnei wā Sony Memory Kāri i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā pukapuka ngā, koia te riro te reira e ko te reira, a ka haere tonu ki te kia hokona kaha.

Heoi, ki te rā, i runga i te whakatinanatanga ahumahi o te paepae ko te whānuitanga katoa o hangarau rokiroki kē, etahi o e taea te whakatinana tonu i runga i te takanga o tikanga mākete pai.

RAM Ferroelectric (fram)

Hangarau parau tumu rokiroki ferroelectric (Ferroelectric RAM, fram) e whakaarohia te ki te hanga i te kaha mahara kore-ahua. Kei te whakapono te reira e te huarahi o te hangarau e wātea ana, e ngā i roto i taupoki i te raraunga i roto i te tukanga o te tai'oraa mo akatuke'anga katoa o nga wae taketake, arata'i ki te tetahi raunga o ngā pūrere nui-tere pea. He fram - he mahara, āhuatanga e tapatahi, tika tiketike, me te tere o te mahi. E i teie nei huru o te DRAM enei āhuatanga - RAM ahua e te vai i te kau. Otiia ka ake ka tapiritia, me te taea o te rokiroki wā roa-o raraunga, āhuatanga nei i te he kāri mahara SD. I roto i nga painga o tenei hangarau e taea e ātete taiea ki ngā momo rerekē o te ongó radiation e kia kī ai i roto i whakaaro motuhake e kua whakamahia ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga o nui haere ira ranei i roto i te rangahau wāhi. te kitenga o ngā mōhiohio rokiroki tikanga e tono te pānga ferroelectric. fakahu'unga reira e taea ki te mau tonu te vahiraa i te ngaro o te mara hiko waho te rauemi he. i hanga ia pūtau mahara fram e whakatakoto te kiriata ultrathin o rauemi ferroelectric i te puka o tioata i waenganui i te rua o electrodes whakarewa flat hanga i te pūnga iahiko. pupuri i te raraunga i roto i tenei take e i roto i te hanganga karaihe. ārai tenei te pānga leakage tiaki, e ai mate o ngā mōhiohio. E mau ana te raraunga i roto i te fram-mahara noa, ki te kaha ngaohiko.

RAM autō (MRAM)

Ko tētahi atu momo o te mahara, i te mea whakaaro tenei ra ki te kia tino whaihua, he MRAM. Kei te āhuatanga i te reira na roto i te mahi tere āhua nui, me te pähekeheke-kore. Unit pūtau i roto i tenei take, ko te kiriata autō kikokore whakanohoia ki runga ki te tïpako silicon. MRAM Ko te mahara pateko. e kore e hiahia ana te reira anō i wā, a kore e kia ngaro i te mōhiohio, ka tahuri te mana te atu. I tēnei wā, whakaae te nuinga o ngā tohunga e taea te huaina tenei momo o te mahara te hangarau whakatupuranga i muri rite te tauira tīariari whakaatu te mahi tere tika tiketike. Ko tētahi atu painga o tenei otinga ko te utu iti o maramara. hanga mahara Flash te i runga ki te tukanga CMOS motuhake. Ka taea te hangaia te maramara MRAM i tukanga ahumahi paerewa. Ano, kia mahi i te rauemi rite te hunga e whakamahia ana i roto i te pāpāho autō tikanga. Kawea mai wā nui o enei maramara he nui iti ake i nga ētahi atu katoa. āhuatanga MRAM-mahara nui ko te kaha ki te taea ai tonu. He nui rawa hoki ngā pūrere pūkoro tenei. Oia mau, i roto i tenei momo o te pūtau takoto e te uara o te tiaki autō, a kahore hiko, pera i roto i te mahara flash tikanga.

Ovonic Memory Unified (Oum)

Ko tētahi atu momo o te mahara, i runga i nei kaha e mahi maha kamupene - ko reira he Semiconductors amorphous hāngai-puku mārō-kāwanatanga. I tona turanga takoto te wāhanga hangarau whakawhitinga e he rite ki te parau tumu o te tuhi i runga i kōpae tikanga. Here ke te āhua wāhanga o te taonga i roto i te mara hiko te i, tioata ki amorphous. A Kei te rongoa tenei huringa i roto i te ngaro o te ngaohiko. Mai i tikanga kōpae optical , kua āhuatanga taua whakaaro i roto i taua whakawera e wahi i te mahi o te nāianei hiko, e kore taiaho. whakamana pānui kei roto i tenei take e tika ana ki te rerekētanga i roto i ngā matū kaha huritao i roto i āhua rerekē, ka mohio nei e te pūoko puku. Takahi, he otinga taua he rokiroki kiato nui raraunga me te tika mōrahi, me te nui haere tere. ahua High ko te tau mōrahi o ngā huringa Tuhituhi, e whakamahi ana i te puku rorohiko, flash, i roto i tenei take lags i te maha whakahau o nui.

RAM Chalcogenide (Cram) me te Tauwähi Huria Memory (pčpi,)

Kei te hāngai hoki tēnei hangarau i runga i te pūtake o ngā whakawhitinga wāhanga ina tavini kotahi taonga wā whakamahia i roto i te kawe rite te rauemi amorphous kore-conductive, a he tioata te rua te pēne. kawea te whakawhiti o te pūtau mahara i tetahi āhua ki tetahi i roto i te mara hiko, me te whakawera. Kei te āhuatanga taua maramara e ātete ki ionizing radiation.

Mōhiohio-kāhui tāngata taia Card (Info-Mika)

pūrere mahi hanga i runga i te pūtake o tenei hangarau, e hāngai ana i runga i te parau tumu o kikokore-kiriata holography. tuhia te kōrero kei te whai ake nei: tuatahi hanga he whakapakoko e rua-ahu tuku ki te Hologram o hangarau CGH. Pānui o te raraunga he e tika ana ki te warea o te hihi taiaho i runga i te mata o tetahi o nga paparanga tuhi, te waveguides kaimahi ōmata. whakanoho Light haere te tuaka whakaritea nei te whakarara ki te waka rererangi o te papanga, hanga i te whakapakoko putanga e hāngai ana ki te kōrero tuhia i mua. kia whiwhi i te raraunga tuatahi i tetahi taime i roto i hātepe waehere kōaro.

Tenei momo o te mahara pai ki te Semiconductor tika ki te meka e whakarite kiato nui raraunga, iti kohi mana me te utu iti o te kawe, haumaru taiao me te tiaki ki te whakamahi kāore i. Ko hano toe hiki fo◊ou ngā mōhiohio kāri taua mahara e kore e tukua, na reira, ka taea e mahi anake rite te rokiroki wā roa-, whakakapi i te reo pepa he rerekē kōpae optical mō te tohatoha o te ihirangi rongorau ranei.