Mahi makariri. Manuhiri: putanga makariri. mahi āhuarangi

kaiwhakanao mīhini Modern, taputapu, me te tahi atu hua hiko e hiahiatia ki te piri ki te maha ka makona ratou nui o ngā tuhinga ture. Nō reira, ka whakatau i te hua whakaarohia ngā whakaritenga kaihoko me nga whakaritenga o tinana e mahi mana kounga. Ko tētahi o ēnei tikanga ko te putanga makariri.

kupu

Familiarization ki ia pātai me timata ki te ako o te whakamāramatanga whakamahia. Na tuatahi tamata tatou ki te hoatu i te waihanga tino mārama. Ko te kupu, tiaki - he pūnaha o ngā kāwai, i ngā te tikanga o noa mahi, waka me te rokiroki o ngā hua ahumahi ki te faatura ki taiao i mata macroclimatic o te ao. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, tautuhi tenei wā, e taea te whakahaeretia ranei e te tāutatanga hiko i roto i tetahi ara. I roto i te tahuri, here ki te rohe taea ki te tango ki pūkete te te huarere rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te taiao.

tuhinga normative

tohu te pūnaha taua e te ture e hāngai ana, me te ko ki te GOST 15150 "whakarerekētanga Rangi". E pā ana tēnei paerewa ki ngā momo katoa me ngā momo o ngā pūrere, mihini me ētahi atu hua hangarau. He whakahauanga whakaritenga katoa o te tuhinga i runga ake. Ko te okotahi anake he tikanga tohua "taunakitia" ranei "tukua". Ka rite ki ki tetahi atu manuhiri "whakarerekē Rangi" ngā te tono whakaaro tuhinga normative. A feruri i etahi o ratou.

1. E pā ana tēnei paerewa ki e rua te hoahoa me te hanga o ngā hua ahumahi. I tua atu, kua tona tono kua whakahauanga i roto i te faaineineraa o ngā mo te whanaketanga me whakamohoatanga muri, te hanganga o paerewa.

2. mahi Rangi o ia hua, me te tahi atu ngā hangarau, kia mau tonu i roto i te uara i tohua.

3. Kia te kaihanga e tikanga hua mō te rokiroki, te whakamahi me te transportation i roto i nga awhe o ngā uara o te āhuatanga whakaaro. I roto i te take rawa, te ngā kia roto i te rārangi o ine whakaaetia i roto i te mahi.

4. I roto i runga ki te whaihuanga hangarau, me te ōhanga o tūtohutia hua hangarau, e tika ana mō te whakamahi i roto i te maha tonotono-rohe.

mahi āhuarangi

Hoki te kau ki reira e rave rahi ngā kāwai, e hāngai ana ki te wehenga o ngā wāhi ki te tikanga taiao rite. Tikanga, kawea ti'araa o te rōpū ngā i roto i te whakamahi i te ana'iraa piapa e tika ana māka. A feruri i te whakaahuatanga o ia kāwai i roto i te taipitopito atu.

tapanga I roto i

I roto i te putanga Latin whakaritea e te pukapuka "N". Kei te whakamahia putanga makariri pērā mō ngā wāhi āhuatanga e ngā āhuatanga taiao āhua. I tua atu, kia mahara ai e taea te hua hangarau, tapanga i roto i tenei tikanga kia ngohengohe ki te mahi i roto i te takawai, wera, maroke, me te rawa wera, wāhi macroclimate maroke mahana, ai te uara toharite mō ā-tau tino pāmahana rangi mōrahi ko runga ake 40 degrees, me he rite ki te 80 ōrau neke atu rānei uara haumākū. Ko te kupu kia rite enei āhuatanga i runga i 12 haora i nga ra katoa mo te wā tonu o te rua marama. I roto i te tahuri, kua he huarere nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei waho: e kore e ā-tau pāmahana mōrahi tino nui e wha tekau degrees. Mai i te i mua e taea te faaoti i te reira e te putanga āhuarangi Y kua te whānuitanga pāmahana e whai ake i -45 ⁰ C ki +40 ⁰ C.

tapanga CL

I roto i te putanga Latin whakaritea e te pukapuka "F". āhuatanga tēnei rōpū e climates makariri. Ko te uara toharite o ā-tau pāmahana whāruarua pūmau ko -45 degrees. tātai taputapu hiko ki tenei momo o te tapanga ko ki te mahi i roto i te rohe e whai ake nei: -60 ⁰ C - +40 ⁰ C.

tohu UHL

whakaritea te "NF" putanga Latin e pukapuka. GOST "whakarerekē Rangi" tenei kāwai ngā wāhi ki ngā āhuatanga taiao e pehi me te matao. He Temperature whānui o te mahi noa o ngā hua ki taua tapanga ko te taua rite te rōpū o mua ona rohe. I tua atu, ki tenei kāwai taea te whakamahi hua tukua i roto i te take taua rite te rōpū taonga W. Hei tauira, ko te wera, me te rawa wera, climates maroke i roto i te hanganga ture ki te tikanga i runga ake-whakaahuatia.

TV tapanga

I roto i te Latin reta putanga ti'araa "TN". āhuatanga putanga te huarere taua e te faaohiparaa o ngā hua hangarau i roto i te taiao pārūrū takawai. He te tawhā e whai ake nei hau ambient: pāmahana 20 degrees, haumākū 80 ōrau. He huru motuhake ko ki mau tonu te whakaritenga i runga ake-whakaahuatia i runga i 12 haora i nga ra katoa mo nga marama karapīpiti rua. Ko nga rohe o te pāmahana whakahaere i roto i te mahi noa ko te +1 - +40 ⁰ C.

tohu TC

I roto i te ahua Latin denoted e te pukapuka "TA". Ahakoa te ōrite i roto i te ingoa ki te kāwai o mua tenei rōpū, kua he rota o ngā rerekētanga. Ko te uara ā-tau toharite o te pāmahana mōrahi pū ko 40 degrees. Ko te whānuitanga o ngā uara, ka whakamahi i taua awhe i -10 ki +50 ⁰ C.

tohu T

I roto i te ahua Latin denoted e te pukapuka "T". E nehenehe o te mahi tonu i roto i climates pārūrū hua hangarau tohua ki taua tohu.

māka Mō

I roto i te ahua Latin denoted "U" me tohu te reta mahia obscheklimaticheskoe. Products āhuatanga i roto i tenei ara, e taea te whakahaeretia i roto i ngā rohe makariri katoa o te whenua anake i roto i ngā taiao rawa makariri. Temperature rohe ngā i -60 ⁰ C ki +50 ⁰ C.

tohu M

I roto i te putanga Latin te whakaritea hoki reta "M". Tenei kāwai ngā hua hiko, e kua te tikanga mo te whakamahi noa i roto i te tonotono-rohe i roto i te taiao tika makariri pērā i te moana.

tohu TM

I roto i te ahua Latin denoted e te pukapuka "TM" me ngā āhuatanga rohe tikanga moana pārūrū o rangi kōhauhau. Tenei kāwai ngā hua hangarau, tikanga hoki te whakamahi i runga i oko kaipuke takutai tetahi atu ranei, whakamahia anake i roto i te Tuhinga o ēnei wāhanga.

tohu oM

I roto i te putanga Latin o te pukapuka o "MU". Ngā o te rōpū fakatahai mihini, ngā pūrere me ētahi atu hua, ka kia whakatinana te mahi noa i roto i ngā wāhi ki e rua pārūrū, me te ngawari ki climates matao. Ko te kupu, ki te kāwai i roto i te pātai ngā oko ngā ki ngā wāhi navigation mutunga.

tapanga

I roto i te putanga Latin whakaritea e te pukapuka "W". Ko te tino motuhake tenei rōpū, no te mea ngā reira hua hiko tikanga mo te whakamahi whānui, e rua i runga i te whenua, me te i runga i te wai. Kei te tuku te mahi pēnei ki rite katoa-āhuarangi. He āhuatanga ko te impossibility ki te whakamahi i anake i roto i ngā wāhanga ki te āhuatanga tino makariri taiao. Temperature rohe o ngā mahi tonu i -60 ki +50 degrees.

i kuhuna atu

I tēnei wā, kei te tohua hua hiko i roto i te ara motuhake (tohua putanga makariri me te kāwai tāuta). I roto i te hononga ki tenei tohu ko te huinga o iku'anga pūrārangi me tau. e āhei ana tēnei kiritaki ki te kite tonu, he pai ki a ratou e kore ranei tenei pūrere.

kāwai 1

hua Hangarau tapanga i tenei ara, e te tikanga mo te mahi i roto i tuwhera te rangi. Nā tēnei, kei te whai wāhi ratou ki te huinga katoa o ngā āhuatanga huarere. Hei tauira, makariri U1 mahi.

kāwai 2

riro te reira i te mahi tonu o te taputapu i raro i te teneti ranei i runga i nga whare, i raro ki rerekē i roto i te uara o te tawhā o te rangi i roto i tata te tohu ano rite te wāhi tuwhera. Hei tauira, kia mau ai ki teneti, ëtahi, Bodywork.

kāwai 3

Tenei rōpū ngā hua hangarau, kia anake nei kia whakamahia te whare. I roto i tenei take, kia whai i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te whakamutunga: ventilation tūturu, kahore taiao ture horihori; te rongo ki te puehu, me te onepu, ko te nui iti iho i te waho. Ka taea te whakamahi U3 putanga makariri i roto i ngā wāhi ki te mātao waiariki hanga o whakarewa, rakau, raima, me te tahi atu rauemi. Ka taea te wehewehea taua taonga rite inahoki kahore wera. Ko te kupu, titau w3 whakarereke makariri te ngaro o te ua, te rā tika, tino whakaiti i te pānga o te hau, me te wai.

kāwai 4

Ka taea te whakamahi taputapu e pā ana ki tenei rōpū i roto i te whare, āhuatanga te huri i te tawhā o te taiao horihori, pai hā whare raro. Kei te auraa te reira i te ngaro o te rā tika, hau, makuku me te onepu.

kāwai 5

Ka taea e ngā hua hangarau rite mahi i roto i te taiao ki te uara haumākū mā'olunga. Hei tauira, i roto i te whare raro i, i roto i te oneone me te i runga i nga kaipuke.