Mātauranga Higher i roto i Russia: te pūnaha, te hītori, te whanaketanga o

Kura o te mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia ko te pūnaha kotahi arā, o neke atu i te 650 ngä whare wänanga kāwanatanga-e mōhiotia. E kuraina ratou e pā ana ki iwa miriona iwi, i roto ia ratou he maha nui o tangata o nga whenua ke. kawea whakangungu i roto i roto i te maha ngā tohutohu: hauora, engineering, pūtea, ōhanga me te fakaetangatá. Ngā pekanga tukua ki te farii i te mātauranga teitei i roto i tetahi mara, me te tino tangata e kua he tiwhikete o te otinga o Tuarua (kura) institution mātauranga motuhake (kura umanga) ranei.

mātauranga Higher i roto i Russia

hāngai ana te turanga o te Russian mātauranga teitei kei runga i te kura o te matauranga ahurei me ngā āhuatanga o pūtaiao Russian, me te te aki irresistible o to tatou matua i roto i te pūtaiao ao-ingoa.

e kore te mea he parau kau - mātauranga Higher i roto i Russia. Kei te tautokona te reira i ake e ngā pūkenga mahi o te kaiako tino tohu, i te kairangi, he tokomaha o nei Doctor o Science, me etahi - kakahu te taitara whakakake o ahorangi. whakarato Graduate School ha faingamālie kore anake ki te tiki mōhiotanga pai, pūkenga, ngā pūkenga ngaio, engari ano hoki i te mātauranga whaimana rite te pōkairua o te tauira Russian wāriutia te i roto i te maha whenua ke.

Russia - he whenua ki rau tau o te hītori, ngā tikanga, me te ahurea tuku iho o te natura faito ore, me ona taonga, me tona ara o te ora, tikanga me ngā āhuatanga motu. pohehe riro Paetahi tangata he wahi o taua mana, piri ki te wheako o whakatupuranga o hītori, hoko he wahi o te wairua Russian.

Ko te pūnaha mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia

Heoi, He mea paihere te kaupapa o te mātauranga teitei ki te hītori. I roto i ngā, i te hītori o tona hanganga. Taua pūnaha, kua whakawhanakehia e ki te rā, i reira he kahore tonu. whakawhānuitia ia tenetere, tutuki i runga i nga tau.

Modern mātauranga ngaio teitei i roto i Russia ko te pūnaha taumata-maha, e emit taumata rerekē o te whakangungu: wā taketake ki te whiwhi i te tohu e 5 nga tau, i muri i nei e whakawhiwhia ngā ākonga te tohu o "mātanga". ka taea e koe te tonu ratou akoranga i roto i te kura puta, kua puritia reira mo nga tau e toru. I tua atu, e taea ki te tiki i te tohu "Tohu Paetahi o Pūtaiao" me "te Kaiwhakaako o Pūtaiao", wā whakangungu o whā me rua tau aua.

Ko ahua rerekē āhuatanga, ki te whiriwhiri koe ki te farii i te mātauranga teitei i roto i te kura hauora. I roto i tenei take, tei te ānau ako i runga i te whāiti whiriwhiri: Paetahi haumanu kaimātai hinengaro, rongoā ākonga niho ranei whiwhi e rima nga tau. I te tere o Fale-, rongoā hākinakina me te take whakaora me ia ki te oti e ono nga tau. Ka taea e te mātauranga atu i roto i ngā kura hauora whakauru i roto i te karahipi (1 tau) tonu. Tei runga i te makehe, a taea te whakaoti i te hiahia o te tākuta rangahau haumanu (2 ki te 5 tau). haere ranei kura puta, ako ora i roto i reira no te tau e toru.

Ngā i roto i te pūnaha IN

Te tau kura i roto i te kura tiketike Russian pumau i Mahuru 1 ki Pipiri 30. Kei te wehea te reira ki e rua ava'e, ia o nei mutu te wātū (hotoke me te raumati). I roto i te tango ona ākonga maha whakamātautau, haere pekanga mua whakamātautau. ngā ākonga hararei te fariiraa i te mātauranga teitei, rawa. A timata ratou i muri noa i te wātū. Winter pumau rua ki te toru wiki, te raumati - e rua nga marama. Ko te whakamātautau uaua tino whakamatautau ko te ākonga i roto i whakamutunga i te tau o to ratou whakangungu. I roto i te hotoke, e ia whakamātautau kāwanatanga, ngā ratou pātai i runga i ngā kaupapa katoa ako. A i roto i te raumati tiaki ona motuhake tuhinga.

kawea Mātauranga i roto i ngä whare wänanga Russian te atu i roto i Russian me te hāngai i runga i toru ngā o te mātauranga:-wā tonu (ra), te wā (tuku whakarara ki te mahi ako) me te ahiahi (puritia i roto i te ahiahi wiki ranei). I roto i nga tau tata nei, maha kura kāwanatanga-kore teitei mahi ako tawhiti, i roto i nei ora te tangata i roto i tetahi atu pa (te nuinga kawanatanga) me whiwhi te mahi ki te whare, wā haere mai ki te wātū. Hoki tenei pūnaha taua taea te kawea ngā mahi i roto i mā Skype, ki te, hei tauira, kōrero e pā ana ki te ako reo ke.

Ki runga ki tu'ite, riro paetahi te pōkairua kāwanatanga Russian tohu tohu mātauranga. Na, ka rite ki te tikanga, ki te hōnore ko te pepa whero, engari i roto i te tahi atu te wā - puru. He mea nui ki te mohio e i te wa nei, e whakaaro matou pōkairua tika i roto i nga whenua katoa o te ao.

pūnaha māka

Te whakatairanga i te take o te aromatawai i roto i te Russian Federation, kia tuhia te reira e kore ko reira nui rerekē i te pūnaha māka kura. whakaaro te tohu teitei rawa te ki kia - "5" - pai; aru e "4" - pai; "3" - I Eke; "2" - ta'efakafiemālie. He he puka o te aromatawai "haere" me "Rahu". Ki runga ki te taenga o "ta'efakafiemālie" ranei "Kua rahua" kua te whai wāhi ki te mahi anō i te tumu parau te ākonga, whakaae i mua ki te kaiako. I runga i tenei tikanga i hoatu e toru nganatanga. Ki te i roto i tenei wa i taea ki te tiki i te tohu tika te ākonga, i taea e ia te kanohi pana i te whare wānanga.

Ngā kore e taea te uru ngā ākonga maharakore ki te wātū i te katoa. tino maha te take kei te mokowhiti ana kauwhau, me hui ngaro. Kei te faatiti'aifarohia tenei raruraru, ki te mea i reira te mea he take pai, a te timatanga o te Paremete hoatu te iti e tika ana. I roto i tenei take, "vuzovets" kia tonu kia uru ki te whakamātautau.

I tua atu ki te puka kino o aromatawai, te mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia me whakarato he tohu manawarü. Ka taea e te ākonga te tiki i te "haere" ranei te māka pai aunoatia ( "aunoa"), kahore he ki tika i te tumu parau, ngā e haere tamau te wāhanga katoa akomanga katoa, ngaahi ngāue oti, me te whai i nga whakaritenga katoa o te kaiako.

Ka rite ki kua tipu te mātauranga teitei

Ko te kaupapa tika nui tenei. taea te whakaturia te reira i peka i roto i te whakaputanga motuhake, ara he pukapuka ranei, engari ngana ki te pupuri i roto i nga rohe o tetahi wahanga tekiona o te tuhinga. tīmata Origin me te whanaketanga o te mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia e pā ana ki ngā rau tau XI-XII me tūturu ti'aturi i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga. Tuatahi, e kore nga wāhi rerekē o te mahi a te tangata (pūtaiao, ahurea, whakatere, hokohoko me ētahi atu) i tu tonu, a te whakawhanake, reira, ka hiahia hapori kaimahi atu mohio. Tuarua, e rapu te taiao rawa Russian hanganga atu i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao, rite ko te utu o ngā wheako ki ētahi atu whenua, kua kaha ako reo. I Rawa kite i roto i te wa o Pita I.

e kore e taea e tetahi te tau'a ore i te meka e te takoha nui ki te whanaketanga o te mātauranga teitei hanga e te feia faatere o Russian, kaiako, pāngarau, Utaina, philosopho, whakaaro: Kovalevsky, Lomonosov, Radishchev, Lobachevsky, Pisarev, Belinsky, Herzen, Dobrolyubov, Timiryazev, Pirogov, Mendeleev, a he tokomaha atu -Many. I te wa ano, te kaha te awe e te mau haapiiraa o Marx me Engels mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia. Na Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, mo te tauira, neke atu i te tangata atu, rapu ki whakakahoretia te hōkai o te mau haapiiraa o whakaaro-kura, whakaritea ki tenei hahi, a tamata ki te hanga atu fakamāmaní mātauranga. I tua atu, i te whakangungu ia hōtaka i roto i te ngana ki te kia e farii i ngā ākonga ariā e kore anake, engari whakaako ano pūkenga mahi whai wāhi i roto i ngā taiwhanga, me ngā. A i roto i te 1755 whakatuwheratia Moscow University ingoa i muri i Lomonosov (MSU), i te mea pea te tauira tino matarohia o te institution mātauranga, te wahi ara i tenei ra e taea te tiki e koe he mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia i roto i tona tikanga ki tonu i.

He bit o hītori ...

Kei te tu'atiraa rahi te whanaketanga me te hītori o te mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia ki te ngā kaupapa e e tango te wahi tonu i roto i te whenua, me te ki waho. Hei tauira, i muri i te revolution ahumahi i roto i Europe, te whakamamaetia hoki to matou ahua ona huringa, i roto i ngā hāngai, ko Leningrad Mining Institute, e riro te tupuna o teitei mātauranga hangarau i roto i Russia. Te nuinga i roto i te kura o Mines (huaina e ratou a reira i roto i aua ra) Ua haapii marau pāngarau: taurangi, āhuahanga, hoahoanga, metallurgy, mineralogy, matū, ahupūngao, reo ke. he kanorau taua o sciences tūturu me tauturu ki te tiki i te mātauranga katoa-a tawhio tika. Russia, rite maha atu whenua, e ngana ana ki te hanga wātea ako ki te hawhe wahine. I te pae hopea, kua riro te reira taea i muri i te nui Oketopa pāpori Revolution. I te wa ano e anga ana te mātauranga teitei tu atu whāinga me ngā whāinga. Ko te mahere i ki te hanga i tētahi hapori tino hou i roto i te mātauranga hāngai o te iwi taitamariki me te introduction o ngā rerekētanga taketake i roto i te tukanga akoranga.

I roto i ngā wā Soviet, i hono tata mātauranga teitei ki mahere mō te whanaketanga o te hapori me ngā rāngai katoa o te ōhanga. Kati te reira ki te haamana'o i te haerenga ā-tau o te kapa ākonga i runga i rīwai whakahauanga whai wāhitanga mātātoa i roto i take hokohoko uniana ranei. I mua i ngā kura teitei i whāinga matua ki te whakapiki ake i te taumata o te whakangungu o ngā tohunga heke mai, me te kukume i te maha piki haere o te iwi i te iwi ki te mātauranga o te kounga. I roto i tenei whakaaro, he maha o mehua: ko ano hoki te whakataki o poapoa, whakarato o whare noa, me te kore e utua te ako whaiaro, a ka kawea te reira i roto i roto i 70 reo. I roto i te wā o te Soviet Union hanga mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia te wātea ki tangata katoa e whai i te tiwhikete o te kura.

mātauranga Higher i roto i Russia hou

Kei te whakawhanake te pūnaha mātauranga teitei i roto i Russia i runga ki te hiahia o te hapori, me ano hoki i runga i te whakatutukitanga o to tatou kaiputaiao i roto i te tikanga tūturu, rongoā, ahupūngao, matū, pūtaiao rorohiko, me te tahi atu mara o te matauranga. Tenei whakaritea tonu ngā hōtaka, ngā, puka, me ngā tikanga o te whakaako i roto i te mātauranga teitei.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te pātai whakapeka o te hiahia mō whānui: .. He kaipūkaha hoahoa, he tākuta, he biochemist, he rōia, me te ohanga, kaipūkaha, kaihātepe, me ētahi atu te tukanga mātauranga i roto i Russia hou fakatahai te huarahi kōmitimiti o te whiwhi mātauranga, arā, kauwhau kē .. ki ngā mahi motuhake, tae atu mahi. Tenei huarahi ki te ako ka taea ki te whakahohe whakaaro, kaupapa, mahi pakeke, kawenga i roto i ngā ākonga. Pūnahanaha o te Tari o te rangahau pūtaiao taea ki wāhi te hapori ākonga ki te mahi whakamātautau, me te kupu ake i te taumata o te whakangungu. Ki tenei mutunga, i roto i kua whakaritea maha whare wānanga o te whenua i taiwhanga mātanga, pokapū rorohiko, whare rangahau, te wahi ako ia, faatiti'aifarohia raruraru akiaki o te hapori hou.

Higher Education Raruraru

O te akoranga, e kore e taea te whakaaro Russia tenei ra, kahore te pēhi take me te whakamahere opuaraa i roto i te mara o te mātauranga teitei. I roto i te mau fifi tino kitea, pea ka taea e koe te whakahua i te take o te mātauranga utua. Kia aroha mai, mai ki te mutunga o '90 whiwhi i te mātauranga i roto i tenei whenua e taea e me ki te awhina o te moni. I runga i te ringa kotahi, ko ha faingamālie atu mo etahi kāwai o tangata, i runga i te tahi atu tenei - he raau rapaau tūturu, hoatu whanau ki te rota o ngā take i tautohetia.

pā ana te tuatahi ki te meka i hinga e te taumata o te mātauranga koi, rite kia hokona te katoa, mai i ngā aromatawai, me te oti i te tohu. Ka rite ki te putanga, arata'i te reira ki te raruraru tuarua - te pirau nui i roto i ngā pūtahi mātauranga. A i roto i nga tau tata nei te hoko i te reira atu tino. He whakapeka, me te āta whakatau teitei raruraru mātauranga i roto i Russia. Heoi, ko te rongo ka hari te e i roto i tenei rohe i reira he i te iti rawa etahi kaupapa.

Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te 'amanaki i roto i to tatou whenua, te whanaketanga o te mātauranga teitei, tenei tukanga nui whai wāhi ki to tatou wikitoria i roto i te pūtaiao. Whanaketanga o mitanano me te koiora ahurei i roto i te heke mai tata e arahi ki te putanga o ngaio hou. A, ki taua mea, a ka ki ngā hōtaka hou, tikanga me ngā puka o te mātauranga.