Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te parenga kaha. parenga Power i roto i te hononga whakarara

ngā pūrere hiko katoa Kei roto parenga, ko o ratou huānga matua. Ki reira, te huri i te nui o nāianei i roto i te ara iahiko hiko. E whakaatu ana te tuhinga i te ngā āhuatanga o parenga, me o ratou kaha o ngā tikanga tātai.

iahiko whakarite

Hei whakatika i E whakamahia te parenga o nāianei i roto i iahiko. tautuhi ana tēnei taonga e te ture o Ohm:

Ahau = U / R (1)

Mai i tātai (1) e taea te āta kite i e te iti te ātete, te atu nga piki o nāianei, me kōrero, te iti te R, te nui te nāianei. Ko tenei taonga o te ātete hiko e whakamahia i roto i te engineering hiko. I runga i te pūtake o tenei tātai he ara iahiko kaiwehewehe nāianei nuitia whakamahia i roto i ngā pūrere hiko.

I roto i tenei ara iahiko te nāianei i te pūtake e wehea ki e rua inversely hautanga ki te parenga o pūparenga.

Hoki parenga te huri i nāianei whakamahia i roto i te kaiwehewehe ngaohiko. I roto i tenei take, te whakamahi i ano ture o Ohm, engari i roto i te puka paku rerekē:

∙ U = ahau R (2)

Mai i tātai (2) e faarahi ki te whakanui ake ātete ngaohiko. whakamahia ana tēnei taonga te ki te hanga takatakanga whakawehenga ngaohiko.

Mai i te hoahoa me te Tātai (2) ko reira mārama e kua tohaina te ngaohiko puta noa i te parenga i te rahi ki te parenga.

kaupapa parenga Image

E ai ki nga parenga paerewa e faahoho'ahia e te tapawhā ki ngā 10 x 4 mm o ka denoted e nga parenga mana reta R. i runga i te kaupapa maha tohu. Ko te whakapakoko o tenei tohu whakamana e pīhono hāngai hōtiu ranei. Ki te te kaha o te 2 Watts, mahi te ti'araa i roto i tau Rōmana. Kei te nuinga o tenei mahi hoki parenga waea. I roto i te tahi mau āhua, hei tauira i roto i te United States, e whakamahia ētahi atu tohu. Ki te whakahaere i te hanga, me te te maha kaupapa tātari hua mana parenga, te ti'araa o i whakamana i roto i runga i te GOST 2.728-74.

āhuatanga Hangarau o ngā pūrere

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te parenga - te R ātete iti _n, tohua nei i roto i te hoahoa i muri ki te parenga, me tona whare. Ko te wae o te inenga o te resistance - kiro th me mega. Hangaia parenga ki te ātete i hautau ki rau o ohms me megohms. He he rota o te parenga hanga hangarau, a to ratou katoa huapai me ngā huakore. I roto i te parau tumu, i reira he kahore hangarau e e tukua rite hua parenga iahiko ki te uara ātete tomu'a.

He āhuatanga nui tuarua ko te ātete deflection. Kei te whanganga te reira i roto i% o te R. ngā ränei He he ine parenga ia paerewa: ± 20, ± 10, ± 5, ± 2, ± 1%, a ki runga ki runga ki te uara o ± 0.001%.

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga nui ko te parenga kaha. I mahi e tahu ratou i te paahitanga o nāianei i roto i a ratou. Ki te nui ake te tohanga mana te uara tīkina, ka kore te pūrere.

Ki te parenga whakawera te huri to ratou resistance, kia hoki ngā pūrere whakahaere i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui, kua whakaurua tetahi āhuatanga - pāmahana tau whakarea o resistance. Kei te whanganga te reira i roto i te ppm / ° C, i.e. 10 ^-6 R _n / ° C (te milioniraa wahi o R _n ko 1 ° C).

hononga rangatū o parenga

Ka taea te hono te parenga i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē e toru: rangatū, whakarara me te whakauru. Ki te hononga raupapa te nāianei tētahi rere i roto i nga parenga katoa.

Ki tenei hononga te nāianei i tetahi wāhi i roto i te ara iahiko, ko te taua, e taea te tautuhi i te reira na roto i te ture a Ohm. Te ara iahiko parenga ia i roto i tenei take ko te moni o parenga:

R = 200 + 100 + 51 + 39 = 390 ohms;

Ahau = U / R = 100/390 = 0.256 A.

Ka taea e tatou te whakatau inaianei te parenga kaha i roto i te hononga raupapa, e tatau ai e te tātai:

P = ahau ² ∙ R = 0,256 ² 390 ∙ = 25,55 Watts.

Waihoki, whakaritea te toe kaha e te parenga:

P ₁ = ahau ₁ ² ∙ R ² = 0.256 = 13.11 ∙ 200 W;

P ₂ = ahau ² ∙ R ₂ = 0.256 ² ∙ 100 W = 6,55;

₃ P = ahau ² ∙ R ₃ = 0,256 ² ∙ 51 = 3.34 W;

P ₄ = ahau ² ∙ R ₄ = 0.256 ∙ ² 39 = 2.55 Watts.

Ki te tāpiri koe i te parenga kaha, whiwhi koutou P tonu:

P = 13,11 + 6,55 + 3,34 + 2,55 = 25,55 Watts.

Ko te hononga whakarara o parenga

I te timatanga o te hononga whakarara o parenga katoa hono ki te kōpuku taiawhio ano, me pito - ki tetahi. A, no te hono manga nāianei, me te rere i roto i ia pūrere. Ko te nui o nāianei rite ki te ture a Ohm, he inversely hautanga ki te parenga, me te ngaohiko i te taua parenga katoa.

I mua i te kitea e koe i te nāianei, he mea e tika ana ki te tātai i te tapeke kawe ia o nga parenga o te tātai pai-mohiotia:

1 / R = 1 / R ₁ + 1 / R ₂ + 1 / R ₃ + 1 / R _{= 1/200 + 4 1/} 100 + 1/51 + 1/39 = 0.005 + 0.01 + 0.0196 + 0.0256 0.06024 = 1 / Ohm.

Resistance - te kōaro o te kawe ia:

R = 1 / 0.06024 = 16.6 ohms.

Mā te ture a Ohm, kitea te nāianei i roto i te pūtake:

Ahau = U / R = 100 ∙ 0,06024 = 6,024 A.

E matau te nāianei i roto i te mana pūtake e hono i roto i whakarara ki parenga o te tātai:

P = ahau ² ∙ R = 6,024 ² ∙ 16,6 = 602,3 Watt.

E ai ki te ture a Ohm te nāianei i roto i te parenga iahiko tātai te:

Ahau ₁ = U / R ₁ = 100/200 = 0.5 He;

Ahau ₂ = U / R ₂ = 100/100 = 1 A;

₃ = U / R ₁ = 100/51 = 1.96 He ahau;

Ahau ₁ = U / R ₁ = 100/39 = 2.56 A.

Paku taea tātai rerekē tātai i te parenga kaha i roto i te hononga whakarara:

P ₁ = U ² / R ₁ = 100 ^2/200 = 50 W;

P ₂ = U ² / R ^₂ = 100 _2/100 = 100 W;

P ₃ = U ² / R ₃ = 100 ^2/51 = 195.9 W;

₄ P = U ² / R ₄ = 100 ^2/39 = 256.4 Watts.

Ki te tenei tāpiri katoa ake, te tiki koe i nga parenga katoa kaha:

P = P ₁ + P ₂ + P ₃ + P _{= 50 + 4 100 + 195.9 +} 256.4 = 602.3 Watts.

pūhui whakauru

Kaupapa i konatunatua parenga pūhui Kei hononga whakarara raupapa me te tukutahi. Ko te ngāwari tenei kaupapa ki te tahuri, whakakapi i te hononga whakarara o te parenga iahiko i roto i te raupapa. Hei whakakapi i tēnei R resistance tuatahi ₂ me te R ₆ i to ratou R noa _2.6, te whakamahi i te tātai i raro:

R _2,6 = R ₂ ∙ R ₆ / R ₂ + R _6.

Waihoki whakakapi e rua parenga whakarara R _4, R _5, R he _4.5:

R _4,5 = R ₄ ∙ R ₅ / R ₄ + R _5.

Ko te hua ko te hou, iahiko atu ohie. E whakaaturia ana ngā kaupapa e rua i raro nei.

parenga Power i roto i Scheme pūhui i konatunatua tautuhia e te tātai:

P = U ∙ I.

Hei tātai i tenei tātai he ngaohiko tuatahi puta noa ia iahiko me te nui o te therethrough nāianei. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi atu tikanga ki te whakatau i te parenga kaha. whakamahia te hoki tenei tātai:

P = U ∙ ahau = (ahau ∙ R) ∙ ahau = ahau ² ∙ R.

Ki te matau koutou ki te ngaohiko anake puta noa te iahiko, ka whakamahi i te tātai rerekē:

P = U ∙ ahau = U ∙ (U / R) = U ² / R.

Kei te maha tātai e toru katoa whakamahia i roto i te mahi.

tawhā Tātaitanga iahiko

tawhā Tātaitanga ara iahiko, ko te ki te kitea ngā unknown me ngaohiko i roto i nga peka katoa o te wahi iahiko. Ki tenei raraunga, e nehenehe tatou e tātai ngā te mana o ia iahiko i roto i te ara iahiko. Kua tikanga tātai Simple whakaaturia i runga ake, i roto i te mahi, ko te uaua ake te āhuatanga.

I roto i te ara iahiko tūturu hononga noa o parenga whetū me te raorao, i hanga fifi nui i roto i te tātai. Hoki te faaohieraa tikanga panoni taua iahiko i whakawhanakehia tapatoru Star kua, a hurihia. fakatātaa'i tēnei tikanga i roto i te hoahoa i raro nei:

Ko te kaupapa tuatahi he i roto i tona hanganga o te whetu hono ki nga wae 0-1-3. K kōpuku 1 hono te he parenga R1, ki te kōpuku 3 - R3, me te kōpuku 0 - R5. I runga i te ara iahiko tuarua hono ki nga kōpuku 1-3-0 parenga tapatoru. Ki te kōpuku 1 hono parenga R1-0 ko R1-3, ki kōpuku 3 - R1-3 ko R3-0, a ki te kōpuku 0 - R3-0 me R1-0. Ko tino ōrite ēnei kaupapa e rua.

He parenga tatauria hoki te whakawhitinga i te ara iahiko tuatahi ki te rua te tapatoru:

R1-0 = R1 + R5 + R1 ∙ R5 / R3;

R1-3 = R1 + R3 + R1 ∙ R3 / R5;

R3-0 = R3 + R5 + R3 ∙ R5 / R1.

E heke atu panoni ki te tātai o parenga whakarara, me te raupapa-hono. A, no te kitea te impedance o te ara iahiko e, kitea e te ture o Ohm te nāianei i roto i te pūtake. Mā te tenei ture, he mea ohie ki te kitea te ngā i roto i nga manga katoa.

Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te mana o te parenga i muri i te kimi i te ngā katoa? Hoki tenei whakaaro, te tātai pai-mohiotia: P = ahau ² ∙ R, tono, kitea ratou kaha mo ia o tona resistance.

faaotiraa whakamātau o te āhuatanga o ngā huānga iahiko

e hiahiatia ana ki te kohikohi i te kaupapa tomu'a o te wāhanga tino mo te faaotiraa whakamātautau o te āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana o nga huānga. I muri i taua, ki te awhina o taputapu hiko mahi nga inenga tika katoa. Ko tenei tikanga wā e kai ana me te utu. Ngā o ngā pūrere hiko, me te hiko whakamahia mo tenei simulators whakaaro. E hanga ki a ratou nga tātai tika katoa, ka whakatauira i te whanonga o te huānga iahiko i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Anake i muri i tenei e haere ana ki te tauira o te pūrere hangarau. Ko tētahi o ēnei hōtaka noa ko te whaihanga kaha o Multisim 14.0 Pūnaha National Instruments kamupene.

Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te parenga kaha ki tenei hōtaka? Ka taea te mahi i tēnei i roto i ara e rua. Ko te tikanga tuatahi - ko ki te ine i te nāianei, me te ngaohiko ki te ine ngaohiko me te iahiko. Whakanuia nga hua o inenga, whiwhi i te mana e hiahiatia ana te.

Mai i tenei ara iahiko whakatau te ātete R3 kaha:

P ₃ = U ∙ ahau = 1.032 ∙ 0,02 = 0,02064 W = 20.6 MW.

Ko te tikanga tuarua - he inenga tika o te mana whakamahi i te mita te mana.

Mai i tenei ara iahiko whakaatu reira e he rite ki te mana P ₃ = 20.8 MW te parenga R3. Ko te rerekētanga e tika ana ki ngā hapa i roto i te tikanga tuatahi atu. Waihoki, kua oti te whakarite te mana o te toe huānga.