Ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao New! Te Universe!

hinengaro

Origin o te ao, me te ao.

1. tīmata Universe

Ko te tauira tuatahi o te ao i hangaia e Einstein i 1917. Kaihanga o te ariā ngä whānui mau e me whakaritea te ao, e kore kia whakahaua reira ki whanake. Na reira, ko te tauira pāngarau o Einstein whakaahua ana te ao hū, ka, rite whakaaturia e ngā tirohanga arorangi, ko reira hape.

Ehara i ao pahoho takahi tohu AA Tangata tuku noa. whakaaturia te mahi a Friedman kua e me whanake i te ao i runga i te wā, me te, na reira, i roto i te mua, i mahara te ao ki te hei i te taonga ki te kiato nui rawa, me te pēhanga. Na reira, kia reira kia tetahi take e taea häpaingia te mea superdense timata ki te whakawhānui i. Ko te whakaaro ariā o te ao makape.

I roto i te 1929. arorangi American E. Hubble, te hua o ngā kitenga arorangi, whakapumautia te meka o roha o te ao, i whakapumautia te tika o nga whakatau o Friedman.

I te mutunga o te tau 1940. ahupūngao - hypothesized theorist George Gamow ao wera, e hāngai ana i runga i te ariā o "Bang Big", i riro nei i te āhukahuka nui.

Ko te ariā o "Bang Big" whakaahua ana i roto i te tahi mau taipitopito aha ngā rerekētanga kua puta i roto i te ao mai i töna tïmatanga, engari e kore e taea te whakamārama pēhea te reira katoa tīmata, ko te reira i roto i te timatanga, me i te aroaro o te timatanga, arā, i mua "te Bang Big". Ano e kore i taea e ahau te whakahoki i te pātai e whakatau i te takenga mai o te ao.

Hea e te rauemi mo te "Bang Big" me e (rite mea) whakaturia te rawa?

Ki te te whakawhänui i te ao, na te wahi E faarahi te reira?

He aha, ki te te whakawhānui i te ao (tata te tere o te marama), tonu tamau te kiato o te mea?

He aha te mea he taua ao ōrite, me te isotropic?

Ki te ko te take o te ao "te bang nui" e meinga te "bang nui"?

Ka rite ki te kite tatou i, te ariā o "Bang Big" rite te ariā o te whanautanga o te ao, e te rota o ngā take kāore anō.

Kua, faaite e ia feaa e pā ana te taea o te takenga o te ao e rite ana ki te hua o te "Big Bang", uhinga ki te meka i ko noa tenei he whakaaro ariā. A ka whakaaro koutou e kore e taea e ki te whakahoki i te pātai i runga tautika, e whakatau i te takenga mai o te ao te ariā o "Bang Big", ka taea e tino tatou te mea e kore i taea e tupu te ao o te "Bang Big".

Otiia ki te kahore i te "Big Bang" te take o te ao, a ka he mau te ao, he aha i te take mo te takenga o te ao?

Ko te whakahoki ki tenei pātai homai tatou te astrophysical me Pūtaiao i te wā nei o ona whanaketanga ki te pikaunga ki ture, me ture.

A, no te ui ki ta i roto i te ao i te timatanga rawa, arā i mua "te Bang Big", E pahono te ture ao o tiaki o mea, e kī: "E kore e taea e Mahu'inga mai i roto o te tetahi mea, me te kore e taea e ngaro, kahore he wahi, e taea anake te neke i te reira i tetahi puka kāwanatanga ranei ki puka tētahi atu huru ranei. Mea uncreatable me mutu, ko reira tonu, me te mure ore. "

Na, i mua i te "Bang Big" i roto i te ao i reira ko te mea. whakatika tonu te pātai, he aha te ahua o te rauemi me te i roto i te mea te huru i taea e te tīariari te reira?

I runga i te pātai tuatahi whakahoki te i roto i te ahupūngao o matūriki pūmotu.

I roto i te natura, rite akoranga kua whakaaturia e te reira e anake rua tino eu, tonu, me te mutu, me utu te ritenga, me te papatipu era o matūriki pūmotu i huaina - irahiko me positrons. Ko te toe matūriki ranei (he iraoho e rua, iramoe etc), i waho ranei (ki te ariā ngā) papatipu okiokinga (pūaho, neutrinos me ētahi atu.) Ranei ora poto (pērā i muons, mesons al.).

Ko te kupu, i mua i te "bang nui" i roto i te ao i reira mea arā, o utu ritenga pūmotu - irahiko me positrons, i.e. tika i roto i o te mea, e kore nei e ara ake i roto i o tetahi mea, a e kore e ngaro rawa, a ka haere i tetahi puka kāwanatanga ranei ki puka tetahi atu huru ranei, e toe tonu, me te mutu. Ko tēnei mea o te ao, a ka he tino pūmau - irahiko me positrons.

tonu te reira ki te whakahoki i te pātai: "? I roto i te mea i taea e te huru te tīari utu"

Ka rite ki matau ana tatou, nga utu hiko (mā rārangi mana) taunekeneke ki ia atu, ia i roto i te nekehanga tamau. No reira, e hiahiatia ana Nature ki te whakarato i te huru i raro nei i pai kaupapa tino ngaro, me te taunekeneke o utu hiko - irahiko me positrons. Kua whakaratohia Nature, me nga thermodynamics o te huru taua whakapumautia e te hanga i te pāmahana o te kore pūmau, arā, taua tikanga pāmahana i whakaritea te oraraa o te mea (tiaki) o te ao.

Ka rite ki te kite tatou i te mea arā o utu ritenga pūmotu, i roto i te ao i roto i te āhua o te okiokinga pūmau, i.e. kahore kaupapa me te pāhekoheko.
Hei whakarāpopoto, ka whakahoki i te pātai: "He aha i roto i te ao i te timatanga rawa, arā ki te "Bang Big"?

Na, i te timatanga rawa o te ao kua vai tonu mea, arā, o utu Nä hiko - irahiko me positrons, e he (i kore tino), kahore te kaupapa, me te pāhekoheko. Ko te ao i reira mea "tākai" kia ai nga rārangi o te kaha i waenganui i nga utu he kore wāhi noa, i reira he tino kahore motini me te taunekeneke, me te, reira, kahore hui neke wa, he ao taua ko te ao o te okiokinga ao tuatahi ranei. I roto i taua ao mea arā, o utu Nä vai, pera ki te korero, he wa, me te wāhi.

kaha> II. hanganga matūriki me te timatanga o te whanautanga o te ao o nāianei.

atamira Tuatahi.

Tīmata ao e taea e i roto i te āhua okiokinga ake te kore i reira ko tetahi perturbation o tona taiao, hei tauira. I roto i te puka o rerekē kiato, microvibrations pēhanga pāmahana ranei, me ētahi atu, no te e meinga perturbation "ora" aho tiaki mana te tauhohenga mekameka o ngā taunekeneke o te irahiko me positrons e mata ki to ratou rōpū (rite utu ritenga) me te hanganga o te matūriki tuatahi o te ao - te pūaho.

I roto i te whakawhitinga o te mea i te āhua o te okiokinga ki te āhua o te neke te tino whakaūtia ture o te tiaki o te Ao, e ko, mea te nui i roto i te taua āhua (te āhua o era atu o te ao), a na i whakawhitia te mea ki tētahi atu āhua (kāwanatanga kaupapa).

Na e taea tatou whakahoki aua pātai, e whakatau i te takenga mai o te ao: ". He aha ko te timatanga o te whanautanga o te ao o nāianei, me te wahi e whakawhānui i te ao"

Ko te timatanga o te whakakotahitanga (hanumi) o utu ritenga te ao era i roto i te matūriki tuatahi o - te pūaho, a ko te timatanga o te whanautanga o te ao whakawhänui nāianei.

Ki te pātai: "Kei hea te whakawhānui i te ao ngā?". Ko anake te whakahoki kotahi: "Kei te whakawhānui i te ao o nāianei e tika ana ki te whakawhitinga o te mea i te āhua o te okiokinga ki te āhua o tona nekehanga, arā, Kei te whakawhānui i te ao i te utu o te okiokinga, ranei, pera ki te korero, ki te ao o te rangimarie. "

Tenei takenga o te ao he mau, me te taiao.

Titiro mua, whakahoki matou te pātai: "He aha ko te take o te takenga o te papamuri ngaruiti rangi (hiko) radiation?"

Ko te pea ki te kia e pā ana ki te whakawhitinga o te mea (utu) i tetahi āhua taurite (kāwanatanga taurite o era atu o te ao) ki tētahi atu āhua taurite (tauritenga kāwanatanga whakawhänui ao), tahi e te hua (i tino kore) pāmahana te radiation papamuri.

Ko te āhua taurite (i whanau whakawhänui ao) puta, i pea ~ kore 3k tino me e aru e ehara i mahi i runga i te taiao hiko hua pūaho, i.e., i runga i te mea, i i whakawhitia i tetahi āhua ki tetahi āhua. Tenei hihiko i roto i te puka o ngaru hiko (e kua he tetahi roa me te auau ti'aturi i runga i te pāmahana) mau tatou rite Tuhinga taurite radiation.

Kei te kï hoki, e te CMB Koinei ōrite me te isotropic - mai te reira ki a tatou taurite te i roto i ngā tohutohu katoa.
Te aha?

whakahoki ana tēnei pātai e te tukanga o te whanau o te ao whakawhänui.

Mai te whakawhiti i te āhua taurite o mea o te ao o era i roto i te ao āhua whakawhänui tauritenga puta haere te rohe o te hōkai o "pūangi" o te pōro i te taua tikanga, aua, ka hei radiation ōrite, me te isotropic iho, i te mea tonu, me te mangai whakakiia ana te ao whakawhānui. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te radiation ngaruiti muri rangi - ko te radiation taurite e pā ana ki te whanau o to tatou ao.

Na whakaaroa te pātai o te aha i roto i tetahi mea haurehu waihā (i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite) i roto i rōrahi rite nga taua maha o ngā āhuatanga hanganga, ahakoa he reira "iti" irahiko, ngota "nui" rāpoi ngota ranei. Hoki tenei whakaaro, tautuhi tatou he rōrahi tika ia kotahi huānga hanganga i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, 1m3 wehewehe te maha o matūriki roto reira: V = 1m3 / 1025 = 2.686754 · 37,22 · 10-27m3. E mohio ana koutou ake rōrahi ia tetahi huānga hanganga, te tautuhi i te pūtoro o te ao o te mahi o ngā rārangi mana: R = 2.072 · 10-9 M.

Na reira, kotahi huānga hanganga, ahakoa he reira "iti" ranei irahiko "nui" rāpoi ngota ko te nui ano o ona ake ranei, pera ki te korero, "taonga tūmataiti" o te wāhi, rite ki te 37,22 · 10-27 m3 ki te poi o te pūtoro R = 2 x 10-9 M.

Pehea e taea te mohio ki tenei?

E tito āhuatanga hanganga katoa o te karihi, me te rārangi o te kaha o ngā taunekeneke a tawhio noa te karihi. Pūtoro o te ao o ngā rārangi mana tino (e rave rahi whakahau o nui) rahi nui o te pata, arā, Ka taea te whakaaro te pata he wāhi i roto i te pokapū o te poi. whakaritea ana tēnei āhuatanga hanganga e te pūtoro o te rārangi mara rahi vahi, i roto i te mahi he e te taua mo te hau katoa me matūriki he 2 x 10-9 M ~. Ko te aha, i roto i te mita pūtoru o te wāhi kei roto i te taua maha o ngā āhuatanga hanganga, ahakoa he reira "iti" irahiko "nui" rāpoi ngota ranei.

Na e matau ana tatou e matū hau katoa tikanga i te rōrahi o 37,22 · 10-27 m3 me te pūtoro o te ao rite ki ~ 2 · 10-9 m; me te ngota - he rauemi matūriki iti he te kiato ano rite te taonga iho, na, e matau i te kiato o te mea (te uara o e taea te kitea i roto i tetahi pukapuka i runga i ahupūngao), me te tātai i te papatipu o te ngota, he reira taea, te whakamahi i te tātai kiato ρ = m / v tātai i te rōrahi me te pūtoro o ia ngota.

Ko te kupu, hauwai H2 kiato o 0,0899 kg / m3, te papatipu o ngā ngota hauwai e rua m = 2mp + 2me = 3.347 · 10-27kg, ka V = m / ρ = 37,23 · 10-27m3 me R = 2.071 · 10 -9m. Hāora: kiato O2 = 1,428 kg / m 3, m = 53,5744 · 10-27kg, ka V = 37,55 · 10-27m3 me R = 2.077 · 10-9 M.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite e te tango i te taonga hau katoa i raro i huru noa ake tata te nui taua, me te whai ngā te taua pūtoro. Ko te mutunga ki te ngota o te pūmotu matū kei roto i te āhua haurehu waihā (i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa), me whai i te reira i te rōrahi o ~ 37 · 10-27m3 me te pūtoro o te ao, rite ki te 2 · 10-9 M ~. Taua rōrahi me te pūtoro he hau e mangere katoa, he aha te taea te hanga ia e mahi ana tātai tika.

Ko reira arorau ki te amo i taua ki te rōrahi o te ngota e tino iti hoki matū wai. Atu i te hau, i.e., rārangi kaha mea ngota kia whai taunekeneke te rōrahi iti me i konei he kiato teitei.

tautuhi tatou i te rōrahi me te pūtoro o te ngota (rāpoi) wai matū, pūkeha, mēkuri me te wai.

Pūkeha Br2: ρ = 3100 kg / m 3, m = 133,94 · 10-27kg, ka V = m / ρ = 0,0432 · 10-27m3 me R = 0,2177 · 10-9 M ..

Mercury HG: ρ = 13,500 kg / m 3, m = 336.544 · 10-27 kg, ka V = 0,0249 · 10-27m3 me R = 0,1812 · 10-9 M.

Water H20: ρ = 1000 kg / m 3, m = 30,1343 · 10-27 kg, ka V = 0,03013 · 10-27 m3 me R = 0,1931 · 10-9 M.

Ka rite ki kite tatou, he tino iti ake i taua o te taonga haurehu waihā rōrahi o te taonga wai me te pūtoro. I roto i te rārangi mara taonga mea wai i roto i te ngota (muingota) "kōpeke" ki tona inu "kukū", i.e. ki te kiato nui.

Na whakaaroa te aha e puta ki nga āhuatanga hanganga o nga momo hau i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē i te noa i.e. i 101325 Pa = PN me Tn = 273.16 K.

I raro i nga ture o thermodynamics o hau-c taea te whakamahi i te whārite VH = V · F · TS / T · FH ahu mai i te nui huringa o te mema hanganga, i runga i te pāmahana me te pēhanga rānei.

whakaatu tātaitanga e ki te whakanui ake te pāmahana te nui haere te nui o te huānga hanganga, me heke ki te whakaiti i te pāmahana. A, no te te pēhanga - heke rōrahi huānga hanganga me piki ki te hekenga, pērā i te poihau stratospheric aranga ki te kōhaupapa.

I runga anō i te runga ake, kia rite ki nga ture hau o thermodynamics, i reira me waiho he ture o te natura: "Mahu'inga i te ao e kore e taea te tīariari kahore wāhi, rite kore e taea e wāhi te tīariari, kahore mea. Mea me te wāhi e kotahi. "

Na titiro rite hua i roto i te hanganga o matūriki tuatahi. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te hanganga o nga matūriki tuatahi - hua pūaho i whakakotahi tauhohenga mekameka (ariā) o te ritenga utu ao tuatahi - irahiko me positrons. ki tonu te wāhi i ki te pūaho ao pāmahana ambient whakawhänui, hua i roto i te kōtuitui o te tiaki kua ara ki ~ 1010K

Whakaahuatanga Poto o te pūaho.

E matau e tetahi kamiriona o tetahi hau, tae atu photonic hau (reo), ni'ai te taua rōrahi rite 0,02241383m3 / mol me ngā 6,0221367 × 1023 huānga hanganga tautuhi te rōrahi nohoia e te pūaho kotahi.

Vγ = 0.02241383 / 1023 = 6.0221367 · 37,22 · 10-27m3 ao ki pūtoro R = 2 x 10-9 M.

pūaho papatipu rite ki te papatipu o rua irahiko kotahi mγ = 2 · moku = 6.073 · 10-31kg. rārangi pūaho he pāhekoheko hiko.

E matau te rōrahi nohoia e te pūaho, me tona taimaha, whakatau i te kiato o te taiao photonic, te whakakī i te wāhi o te ao whakawhānui.
ργ = m / v = 6.073 · 10-31 / 37,22 · 10-27 = 1,63 · 10-5kg / m3.
Tenei e waru tekau mano nga wa mama atu i te taiao rangi Earth o.
Ka taea te tātai pūaho kiato reo me te hauwai kiato, i mohio e te iraoho 1836 wa taimaha ake i te triplet hiko 5508 wa taimaha atu i te E- irahiko kotahi ranei, ka

ργ = ρH2 / 5508 = 0,0899 / 5508 = 1,63 = · 10-5 kg / m3.

hanganga pūaho whakaaturia i roto i te Scheme 1. (iahiko katoa conventionally i hanga).

kaupapa 1

http://s014.radikal.ru/i329/1207/51/c47cf9c5c46d.png

I roto i te hanganga o ngā pūaho, whakaarahia te pāmahana te, a puta te puna e rua o irahiko me positrons takirua ki te hanga i te neutrino.

Neutrino - he korakora ki te rārangi mara pāhekoheko tino kati he tiaki kūpapa me te papatipu rite ki te wha irahiko kotahi.
hanganga neutrino whakaaturia i roto i te Kaupapa 2.

kaupapa 2

  http://s44.radikal.ru/i104/1207/3f/ba837a73da7d.png

Ki te hua atu i roto i te pāmahana ki pā ana ki 1011 K, nga tikanga mo te hanganga o te mea o utu ritenga, matūriki taimaha whakatu te irahiko me te positron te demoni.

E t - he matūriki i hanga e te whakakotahi (hanumi) ki e rua positrons irahiko he rārangi o kaha (tōraro) mara hiko (+ 1-1-1) = - 1 me te pāhekoheko autō ki te papatipu rite ki te papatipu o ngā irahiko kotahi toru (m = 9 , 1093897 · 10-31kg). Rawea, hiko tohu triplet e-Δ. whakaaturia e triplet hanganga i roto i Kaupapa 3.

kaupapa 3

   http://s51.radikal.ru/i132/1207/fb/ed79c230a07b.png

t Positron - he matūriki i hanga e te whakakotahi (hanumi) o te positron ki e rua ngā irahiko he rārangi mana (pai) hiko (+ 1 + 1-1) = + 1 me te pāhekoheko autō ki te papatipu rite ki te papatipu o te triplet hiko.

triplet Positron denoted e e + Δ.

triplet positron Mātauranga whakaaturia i roto i te Kaupapa 4.

kaupapa 4  

http://s014.radikal.ru/i327/1207/3c/f3bb0d0dc924.png

Ko tino iti atu i te pūaho āhua 105 matūriki ia mita pūtoru o te wāhi irahiko me te positron i hanga te demoni (no o te poto o te tukanga).

oti irahiko me positrons te demoni i te taahiraa matamua o hanga matūriki tuatahi o utu te ritenga o te toenga o te ao.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua.

Irahiko me positrons te demoni rite matūriki he utu ritenga, taruke te "ngoikore" te pāhekoheko hiko i hanga wae triplet kūpapa whakaaturia i roto i te Kaupapa 5.
rawea, tatou triplet kūpapa tohu hono e ° Δ

kaupapa 5
http://s010.radikal.ru/i311/1207/43/810215f1b493.png

kawea te hanganga o ngā waeine triplet irahiko-positron (i roto i te tauhohe te ariā) i roto i te pāmahana o e pā ana ki 1012 K, i hanga tikanga mo te hanganga o ope "kaha" taunekeneke autō (e whai wāhi mai neutrinos rite matūriki kōpaki) triplet neutrino mekameka whakaaturia i roto i te Kaupapa 6.

kaupapa 6

http://s019.radikal.ru/i638/1207/34/04c0ec000233.png

Ko te meka e te here i te neutrino, whakakore i te kaha whakarihariha, e taea e te matūriki (ki etahi whānuitanga) ki te ahu i te tauira e whai ake nei: ki te i waenganui i te taua amo o te aukume whakanohoia kūpapa (rite neutrinos) e kore e magnetized rino paraharaha, te utu te ritenga atu (me te te taua ingoa) pou ka kia ngā aukume.

Mai ki te utu uniana triplet i roto i ngā waeine o rerenga i roto i te reo pūaho hiko hanga triplet neutrino mekameka e, neke i roto i te papa autō o te reo ki te hei hohoko miro-porohita "tea" (apa i te apa) i roto i te matūriki spherically-porohita o rite tōrino me te pōro ikarangi .

Tonu whakaara ake te pātai: "? Te korakora" "Hei aha te rahi me te taimaha e" tupu

Ka rite ki te "tupu" o te matūriki rite kite, rere i pāmahana teitei, a konei he hua i roto i te tere o te kaupapa, mo ia matūriki, me i reira ko tetahi pāmahana paepae o tona whanautanga, me te hanganga.

No reira, te matūriki puta i te tiaki triplet whakaoti ratou tupu me te hua i roto i te papatipu ki runga ki pa ratou tere whakamutunga rite ki te tere o te marama, me i konei te paepae pāmahana mōrahi rite ki pā ana ki 1013 K.

e ngā iramoe tenei matūriki whakamutunga.

iramoe Mātauranga (iraoho) kia, ki etahi tohu whakaritea ki te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota DNA (RNA) o ngota o huānga matū. Iramoe, rite kite tatou, kua hanga e i te matūriki tuatahi o mea - te irahiko me te positron te demoni me neutrinos, piri i roto i te "muingota" iramoe.

I runga i te i mua, e taea ana te kī reira e i roto i te ao i reira he kahore atu i hanga te matūriki tuatahi - pūngao papatipu o te kaha o te mahi, me te pāmahana i pai kia nui atu mo te hanganga o te iramoe. Katoa atu - te reira ranei feohi o matūriki ranei ko "kongakonga" o ratou whakangaromanga, mea korakora ranei, arā, o ngota o huānga matū.

Ko te take i te iramoe ko te matūriki arā, o te utu triplet irahiko-positron me neutrinos whakapumautia tauhohenga iramoe i iraoho te pirau. Kia kite tatou e founga te pirau tukanga iramoe.

Hei timata, kia haamana'o tatou e te hono triplet mekameka neutrino iramoe whakamutunga he matūriki kūpapa e ° Δ (cm. Kaupapa 5), neutrinos me rite whakaaturia i roto i kaupapa 6 me 7.

kaupapa 7

http://s08.radikal.ru/i181/1207/ba/05ba150d3865.png

Kaupapa 7 whakaatu te a tawhio whakamutunga o triplet neutrino iramoe mekameka (ki runga, ki tona whāwehe). 1- paparanga triplet neutrino; 2- wae triplet kūpapa - e ° Δ; neutrino 3-kōpaki - υ;

a, - aho here o "ngoikore" hononga irahiko me te positron te demoni hiko i roto i ngā hononga kūpapa i roto i te mekameka.

pirau iramoe ki te iraoho i roto i te tukinga ki te matūriki e karapoti o te reo, e t, me neutrinos
n → P + e-Δ + υ, rite whakaaturia schematically i Kaupapa 8.

kaupapa 8

http://i069.radikal.ru/1207/d9/7206eb5d64b5.png

Kaupapa 8 E whakaatu ana te pirau o te iramoe.

1 - i hanga iraoho P 2 - t e e, nofo tūranga kūpapa; 3 - kōpaki υ neutrino; a - he aho pohewa "ngoikore" hononga hiko irahiko me te positron triplet i roto i te hononga.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te toenga o te hononga - positron triplet me whakatau te tiaki pai o te iraoho. Na te ahu mai i te pirau iraoho.

A, no te kitea ki matūriki teitei-pūngao i runga i te iraoho, saietí iraoho iramoe ki n1, positron t + Δ e me neutrino υ.

P n1 → + e + Δ + υ, rite schematically whakaahua i roto i te Kaupapa 9.

Whakaahua 9

http://s50.radikal.ru/i130/1207/27/d66b958d56c3.png

Kaupapa 9 whakaatu te pirau iraoho.
1 - positron t e + Δ; 2 - neutrino υ; 3 - paparanga triplet neutrino; 4 - iramoe, whakaritea rite te N1 tohu Ko tehea te i runga i te taimaha o te triplet tikanga ko neutrinos, me rironga neutrinos te iramoe, tika i runga i te taimaha o te triplet.

Ko te ngota o te whakawhitinga o te iraoho ki te iramoe me te tua o te triplet hiko, me te neutrinos.

Na e taea tino tatou te mea e i te whanautanga o te ao ngā i hanga e toru korakora tuatahi pūmau: te pūaho, iramoe me te neutrino. Me kï reira e rite wawe rite 1940. G.Gamov ahupūngao mahi i runga i te ariā cosmological o "Bang Big", kua riro te reira e te ao i te timatanga rawa i ki ngā o engari iramoe e hua i te tiango kahore, a ratou ki te tahuri ki ngā iraoho, ngā irahiko me antineutrinos.

E matau te papatipu o te taonga, te rōrahi o te wāhi o te ao, me te puranga iramoe, ka taea e tatou te whakatau i te maha o ngā iramoe i hanga, i te mea ~ 102 o mema hanganga ia mita pūtoru, he 1020 wa iti iho i te i pūaho i hanga. Taumaha o te iramoe hua ko (waiwai) te papatipu o mea i roto i te ao rite 1052..1053 ~ kg (haapueraa, whetu, aorangi, me ētahi atu.).

whakamārama ana tēnei i te maha o ngā iramoe, me e te pāmahana mōrahi hanga iramoe 1013 K, te pāmahana o te reo ao noho tata te taua rite i roto i te hanganga o te pūaho 1010 K.

Na tatou e matau ai i roto i te timatanga i reira ko te hanganga o te iramoe.

timata nucleation feohi iramoe ki irahiko me te positron te demoni ope "ngoikore" te ngā hiko i roto i ngā wae triplet kūpapa (kite. Figure 6). (Here, whakaritea te "ngoikore" pāhekoheko hiko te ki te pāhekoheko "kaha" autō). Na, wae triplet kaha "kaha" pāhekoheko autō (ki kōpaki neutrino), piri i roto i te triplet neutrino mekameka o e (i roto i te ao taiao hiko) me te iramoe i hanga (kite. Kaupapa 7).

Ko te iramoe hua (pūaho he i roto i te taiao ao i te pāmahana o te 1010 K) kitea te ki rawaka matūriki pūaho hihiri. Energy kaha mahi matūriki photonic (i te pāmahana i homai) i rawaka ki te wahi i te irahiko-positron hono iramoe ope hono "ngoikore" te pāhekoheko hiko i runga i nga wahi wāhanga ki te hanga i te iraoho me te rere "kongakonga" - triplet hiko, me te neutrinos, rite whakaaturia kaupapa 8.

Ka rite ki te pāmahana ambient makaka pūaho pūngao reo kaha riro iti mahi ki te wahi i ki tona wāhanga wahi iramoe me te tukanga faafariuraa iramoe i iraoho mutu.

Ko te take i te wae iramoe i hanga i triplet neutrino mekameka whakapumautia te hoki i te taurite me te papatipu iramoe ki te papatipu o pakaru wahi, i.e. iramoe papatipu rite ki te papatipu o matūriki pakaru - iraoho triplet irahiko me te neutrino.

m (n) = m (p) + m (e-Δ) + m (υ), i reira
m (e-Δ) - papatipu o te triplet irahiko (kite ahua 3.), i te mea e rite ana ki te papatipu o te irahiko kotahi toru;
m (υ) - papatipu neutrino (kite ahua 2.) rite te taimaha o wha irahiko kotahi, mea MN = 1,6727 · 10-27 + 0,00213 · 10-27, i te mea ngā rite ki te papatipu iramoe (i roto i te tika o kia inea te).

Kia kite a te mea e tupu i muri, ka te pirau iramoe?

Neutrinos, kia rite ki te Anaana roa te matūriki kūpapa ki wāhi. triplet Electronic rite te korakora electrically whakatupato i raro i te mana o ope hiko o te iraoho, ka huri i ona poroāwhio i roto i te porowhita me te te koané huri noa te iraoho, reira hanga he ngota hauwai. Ko te ihirangi hauwai (i roto i te faafariuraa iramoe iraoho) e pūtaiao whakaaro ko ~ 93% i roto i te ao wawe.

Ki te hanganga o te iramoe me te iraoho oti te rua te wāhanga o te matūriki tuatahi o te ao, a tīmata te atamira i muri - te wā o te hanganga o ngā ikarangi me te taonga o ngā huānga matū.
Hei huihuia ake te whakarāpopototanga hua.

I taea te kite, i roto i te ao tuatahi mea vai utu ritenga - irahiko me positrons.

e kore e tenei mea ara ake i roto i o tetahi mea, a ka kore e ngaro rawa, reira anake haere i tetahi āhua (takoto kāwanatanga) ki tētahi atu āhua (kāwanatanga kaupapa).

Ko te āhua whakawhiti o te mea i roto i te nekehanga tahi e te hanganga o te matūriki tuatahi - he pūaho. ko te mātauranga pūaho, me te timatanga o te whanau o te ao whakawhänui.

Te ao wāhi whakawhänui kaupae (homogeneously me isotropically) whakakiia me whakakī mea hiko (pūaho reo).

Na tatou e matau ai te roha o te ao, ko te tika ki te whakawhitinga o te mea i te āhua o te okiokinga ki te āhua o tona nekehanga, arā, Kei te whakawhānui i te ao i te utu o te toenga o te ao, ranei, pera ki te korero, ki te ao o te rangimarie.

i hanga e te taiao hiko me te wahi whakamutunga o te Universe - he iramoe. I roto i te pirau o te iramoe me te iraoho i hanga, aua, te taonga ngota tuatahi - hauwai.

Hauwai, rite arā o te korakora pai whakatupato - iraoho me te tōraro whakatupato matūriki - irahiko, neke i roto i te taiao hiko o te ao (i raro i te mahi o tona kaha autō) tōrino i hanga (porohita) "kūtai" o te taonga i nei i hanga e (me hanga e) haapueraa, whetu, aorangi a, i runga i, te ao katoa a tawhio noa.

Tenei takenga o te ao, me te ao, ko te taiao me te arorau.