Polonskiy Yakov Petrovich: haurongo me mahi

I roto i kaituhi Russian o te rau tau XIX i kaitito me kaituhi nei, ko te rite nui rite te whakahere hapahapai ki te tuhinga motu o nga Titans, rite Pushkin, Gogol ko Nekrasov mahi. Ko kahore ratou, e ta tatou mau papai e tangohia o purepure, me te kanorau, whanui me te hohonu o te whakaata o te ao Russian, te thoroughness me te faaoti o te ako o te wairua matatini o to tatou iwi. He wahi motuhake i roto i etihmasterov kupu e te rohipehe, me te kaituhi Polonsky. riro Yakov Petrovich te tohu o te hononga o nga kaituhi Russian nui, e noho ana i te timatanga me te i te mutunga o te rautau tekau mā iwa.

He taketake o Ryazan

Taku ahi i roto i te kohu whiti

kua keto korakora i runga i te ngaro ...

Ko te kaituhi o ēnei rārangi i te waiata e kua roa kua whakaaro iwi, whanau i roto i te ngakau o Russia, i roto i te porowini Ryazan. haere mai i te utuafare tawhito Kaftyrevyh a ko tona papa he rangatira nui rawakore, e mahi i roto i te Tari o te Ryazan kawana-whānui Petr Grigorevich Polonsky - Mother o te rohi pehe heke mai - Natalia Y.. Yakov Petrovich, whanau i te timatanga o Hakihea 1819, ko te mātāmua o ratou tamariki e whitu.

13 tau, no te a Hakopa, mate tona whaea, a haere tona papa, i te whakaritea ia ki te tūranga kōaro, ki Erivan, mahue tamariki i roto i te tiaki o whanaunga o tona wahine. E te wa Yakova Petrovicha Polonskogo kua haere kē te hākinakina Ryazan tuatahi, ko wai ko tetahi o nga pokapū o te ora ahurea o te pa whenua.

Hui ki a Zhukovsky

Whai wāhi i roto i rime i te tau, ka i roto i tona tino pokea ana ko te poto o Pushkin, ko reira kitea. I roto i te hunga e whai rerekē taumaha kitea mō te auaha whiti, whakaatu kaha tino, i reira i ano he kuao kura Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, nei biography he ki tonu i te rohe dating ki te pai kaituhi Russian o te rau tau XIX, maha haamana'o e pā ana ki te hui, i i he mana nui i runga i tona whiriwhiri o mahi a te kaituhi.

I roto i te 1837 tae mai ia i te Ryazan heke mai Hiha Alexander II. Karauna Prince ki te hui i te taiepa o te hākinakina Polonsky, mo o te kaiwhakahaere, i tuhituhi i roto i te irava i te oha i rua irava, tetahi o nei i ki te kia whakamana i roto i te kotahi ki te rangi o te "Atua Whakaorangia te Tsar!", Nei riro te waiata e pā ana o te Russian Empire mō tau 4 anake mua. I roto i te ahiahi, i muri i te mau ohipa o mua angitu e pā ana i te kainga ki te torona, te kaiwhakahaere o te whare hākinakina whakahaeretia te fariiraa, te wahi ka mohio te punake taitamariki ki tuhituhi ia te kuputuhi o te waiata hou - Vasiliem Andreevichem Zhukovskim.

Te rohi pehe rongonui, kaitohutohu me te hoa tata o te Pushkin nui whakamoemiti rotarota Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, te ra i muri i te wehenga atu o Alexander noa whakawhiwhia runga mo o te kingi i mua nei i te tiaki koura. whakakaha Whakamoemititia Zhukovsky Polonsky i roto i te hiahia ki te fakatapui tona ora ki te tuhinga.

University Moscow

I te tau 1838 ka e ia he ākonga o te manga ture o University Moscow. Kua koa tonu to'utangata he sociability mīharo, te attraction roto, o waho, e rerekē Polonsky. hohoro whiwhi Yakov Petrovich mohio i roto i te ngā rangatira o te pūtaiao, te ahurea me te toi. Kua riro tokomaha Moscow wa hoa o te whare wānanga hoa mo te ora mo ia. I roto ia ratou - te rohi pehe Afanasiy Fet ko Apollon Grigoriev, faihisitōlia Sergey Solovyov me Konstantin Cavelin kaituhi Aleksey Pisemsky ko Mikhail Pogodin, Decembrist Nikolai Orlov, philosopho me te kairīpoata Pita Chaadaev, he kaiwhakaari nui Mikhail Shchepkin.

I roto i aua tau, i whanau ia tata Polonsky auhoaraa ko Ivan Turgenev, tino wāriutia ana te mea homai noa o ia atu mō ngā tau e maha. Ki te awhina o hoa, te tānga tuatahi Polonsky - i roto i te buka aamu "Notes o te fatherland" (1840), me te kohinga o rotarota, "Gamma" (1844).

Ahakoa te meka i nga ngā tuatahi o te rohi pehe taitamariki pai riro e fakaangá, pērā i Belinsky, tūmanako ia ki te ora i te mahi tuhituhi moe kuware. haere i roto i te rawakore me te mamae tau Polonsky ākonga, i takoha ia ki te whiwhi tonu hoatu haapiiraa tūmataiti me te ngana. Na, i te whakatika te whai wāhi ki te tiki i te wahi i roto i te tari o te kawana Caucasian o Kaute Vorontsov, Polonsky mahue Moscow, i muri noa tu'ite i te akoranga whare wānanga.

I runga i te ara

Mai 1844 noho ia te tuatahi i roto i Odessa, ka oho ki Tiflis. I tenei wa, ka tutaki ia ki tona tuakana Pushkina Lvom Sergeevichem, collaborates i te niupepa "Transcaucasian Gazette". I roto o ana kohikohinga o rotarota - "Sazandar" (1849), me te "He tokoiti Poems" (1851). I roto i te irava o te wa i reira ko te hā motuhake, faauruhia e te mohio o te rohi pehe ki nga ritenga o nga Highlanders, me te hītori o te pakanga o Russia mo whakaaetanga i te rohe tonga.

Enei Polonsky kaha faahiahia ki te toi ataata i kitea i roto i nga ra o te whakangungu i roto i te kura Ryazan, na, faauruhia e te tirohanga ahurei o te Caucasus me te rohe e karapoti ana, kua kua reira he rota o te tuhi, me te peita. haere tahi ana tēnei manarūtanga e te rohipehe, puta noa te ora.

I roto i te 1851, ka haere Yakov Petrovich ki te whakapaipai, Saint Petersburg, i reira atu ia te porohita o ona hoa tuhituhi, me te mahi pakeke i runga i rotarota hou. I te tau 1855 whakaputaina e ia tetahi atu pukapuka, e ohie ana whiti whakaputa te pai makasini tuhituhi - "Contemporary" me "Notes o te fatherland", engari e kore e taea utu whakarato ara te oraraa tano. riro ia he kaiwhakaako i te tama a St Petersburg Kawana Smirnov. I roto i te 1857, he mōhiohio matua o te whānau e haere ki Baden-Baden, ki a ratou haere ki waho me te Polonsky. Kua haere Yakov Petrovich ngā puta noa Europe, tango haapiiraa tuhi i nga toi French, tutaki ki te maha o ngā kaituhi Russian, me te ke, me toi - i roto i ngā, i te rongonui Aleksandrom Dyuma.

ora whaiaro

I roto i te 1858 ka hoki Polonsky ki St Petersburg ki tana wahine taitamariki - Elena Vasilyevna Ustiug, nei tutaki ia roto i Paris. Ko te rua tau i muri mai i hoki Yakov tetahi o te fakamamahi tino i roto i te ora. Tuatahi tangata tino ia whara, te mau hopearaa o e kore e taea ki te pehea o te aroaro o te mutunga o tona ora, neke anake ki te awhina o tootoo. Na ka kino te fiva rahi, me te mate wahine Polonsky, a patua e rave rahi marama i muri mai ia, me to ratou tama hou.

Ahakoa te whakaari whaiaro, mahi te kaituhi maere pakeke me fruitfully i roto i momo katoa - i rotarota lyrical iti, librettos ki nui-rōrahi pukapuka tuhi ihirangi toi - ko ana wheako tino ngā i roto i ona tohinoa me nūpepa.

faaipoiporaa Tuarua i roto i te tau 1866 ngā Polonsky ki Zhozefinoy Antonovnoy Ryulman, ka te whaea o ratou tamariki e toru. kitea ia he āheinga toi, me te whai wāhi i roto i te ora toi o te whakapaipai Russian. tū te whare me ngā kōnohete tuhituhi i Polonsky, i tae e te nuinga o ngā kaituhi rongonui me toi o te wā. Enei ahiahi ka tonu hoki i etahi wa i muri te matenga o te rohi pehe, i aru Oketopa 30, 1898.

tuku iho

Tawhito Yakov tiketike, me te whakatau tata ki te kia taurite. Ko te āhuatanga matua o te whiti Polonsky whakaaro tona lyricism ahu i roto i Romanticism taonga poto o Pushkin. Ko reira kahore he aituā i whakaaro ia he whakakapi pono o te iho o te rohi pehe nui, e kore i roto i te noa, whiti a Baklanov e maha whakamahia i roto i ona waiata te kaitito tino rongonui - Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninov me te tini ke atu. Heoi, e te whakatutukitanga rawa i roto i tona mahi e kore e pera nui noa nga i aroha pono o te mea homai whiti Polonsky whakapono.

I roto i te toru whakamutunga o te rau tau XIX i wehea whakaaro Russian kia rua nga ropu - te "Westerners" me "Slavophiles". Ko tētahi o te hunga e rapu ana ki te whakapuaki i te mārama te ngākau ki tetahi o nga taha e ko Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich (ngā meka e pā ana ki ona tautohetohe ariā ki Tolositoi kei roto i te pukapuka o to'utangata) faaite i te whakaaro atu momo e pā ana ki te tipu o Russia ki te ahurea Pākehā, i te nuinga whakaae ki tona hoa - he mārama "westerner" Ivan Turgenev.

noho ia i te mahi taonga me whakaaro o te ora o te kaituhi Russian, ka riro he manaaki i to'utangata o Pushkin me noho pehe nāianei, i te mea kua maranga te reira whetu o te Blog. Tohu i roto i tenei tikanga, te kāhuarau o te ahua, kua oti nei e Polonsky. Yakov Petrovich, nei whakaahua i te mutunga o te rau tau kua tū tino, puta i roto i nga whakaahua o te wa whakamutunga te patereareha hakari, ki te ite i te auraa o te ara traversed.