Raima waipēhi GOST, hanganga, ngā āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga, tono

Hoki ngā hanganga me ngā hanganga e te hunga i roto i te whakapā ki rerekē nekehanga ki te wai titau te rauemi motuhake e taea te tu i te pānga ha'iriiri o te reo wai. Hoki te hanga o taua tikanga te whakamahi i engineering waipēhi raima. Kei a ia nga āhuatanga e tika ana katoa mo te mahi haumaru o whakaurunga hanga.

whakamāramatanga

no waipēhi raima ki te kāwai o taimaha, kua whakamahia ai mo te hanganga o embankments, piriti, me era atu hanganga, ngā hanganga e te tahi mau taime wahi ranei tino rumakina i roto i te wai, i whakapā ki reira ranei.

He āhuatanga o te rauemi, ko te tona kaha ki te mau tonu ona āhuatanga tuatahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao pukuriri waho whakaiti i te kounga me te kaha o te huānga kawe. Ētahi mahi, pēnei i te kaha, i roto i piki reo vozdnoy ki te wā i te tiaki i te tapatahi, me te hanganga o te kohatu.

whakarōpū

He he he tetahi huinga o ngā whakaritenga ki te kia tutaki i te engineering waipēhi raima. GOST 26633-2012 "pakeke Concrete me pai-baked. Whakatakotoranga "regulates te kounga o te wāhanga ranunga me ngā āhuatanga o ngā wāhanga o te otinga oti. Ko te tuhinga o te huru ao, ka mau i te reira 8 whenua.

E ai ki a GOST, wehea waipēhi raima ki te maha ngā rōpū rite ki te tohu o te rongo rumaki me te reo wai:

1. Overwater.
2. Underwater.
3. Hoki te taumata wai kore-pūmau.

I te rōrahi o te rauemi hanga whakaaro e wehea ki:

1. Nui - āhua matatini me te rahi pūtau nui, haere tahi i te pakeke pāhiwihiwi ki wera.
2. Nonmassive - hoahoa ohie ki āhuatanga iti.

Ka rite ki te mahi kaha i runga i te ahanoa whakapakeke:

1. Hoki ngā pūnaha pēhanga.
2. Hoki ngā āhuatanga pēhanga-kore.

E wehea whakarōpū atu wahi tono raima:

1. Hoki ngā hanganga ā-(he ratou iti e pängia ana ki te wīra, te pēhanga wai, engari me te tu puaretanga pateko).
2. Hoki ngā āhuatanga o waho, me te papa (e pāngia taua wai i te kaupapa kaha me te papamuri matū kore-pūmau).

ranunga Composition

Me whakatau i te otinga i te whakaritenga o GOST mō te kohatu rawaka pakeke, kaha me te haumaru. mana kounga He wāhanga katoa e hanga raima waipēhi. Composition o te ranunga:

1. Ko te wāhanga matua - he ruruku. Hoki ātete ki wai pukuriri pānga te whakamahi i ngāwhā sima ātete. Hoki AC taumata rumaki tango hydrophobic ranei ki te whakauru o tāpiritanga plasticizing. I roto i te tahi atu wā, te pozzolan, para Portland sima ranei.
2. töpü Fine - onepu kiripaka, faarahi te reira i te ātete o te raima ki te wai. e kore e waiho te reira i poke pāpaku me te otaota - i roto i ngā āhuatanga maku tahuri taea tino haaparuparu i te rauemi.
3. töpü pokepoke - kirikiri me te kohatu i kurua o toka parataiao me te ngiha. Ko te tino hydrophobic tenei, haupapa. kohatu totohe tei runga i e hiahiatia nga āhuatanga hangarau o te moata raima ki te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake. kia filler Puka nuinga, me te ohu nei paru flakiness ranei kirikiri kua raro kaha.
4. Tāpiritanga - improvers āhuatanga o te otinga. whakanui i ratou i te ātete ki te pāmahana taui kohatu, wai awenga pukuriri, whakaiti i te wera rite tika ana, te ārai i te ahua o te kapiti.

Ko te āhuatanga o ngā wāhanga katoa, me o ratou tawhā, te waihanga tangohia o te otinga kī i roto i te kerēme 3 GOST 26633-2012. kia Tautukunga kia whakamana i runga i tetahi production, e tango ranunga rite te tuhinga rite ki te paerewa.

āhuatanga hangarau

Ko te rauemi e te plurality o momo. E kitea e ratou i to ratou hanganga me ngā āhuatanga, e e obladat engineering waipēhi raima. āhuatanga Hangarau whakawhirinaki i runga i te waitohu me te momo o te hanganga. Ko te āwangawanga matua kaha shock, axial flexural totoro, resistance makariri me te hydrophobicity. tīpakohia te otinga mahi te plurality o reiti raraunga, mai taea te āhuatanga o ia puranga rerekē, i te mea Kāore hoki he rauemi i homai.

kaha

Ko te take tuatahi, me te tino nui - te uara o te kōpeketanga ātete, mai kei te nuinga o ngā hanganga mana kawenga poutū i te rōrahi o te whare i runga ake.

Raima kaha i takoto e te kupiki whakatupuranga whakamātautau me te arowhai i te reira i raro i te pēhanga. puritia te tauira kei te waenganui i 28 me 180 ra mo te whakaora. I roto i te take o waipēhi pikitia kupiki i whakanohoia i roto i te wai i runga i te wa pakeke.

kawea Whakamātautau i raro i te mana o ope ki hangai.

E ai ki te ako i te tohu piha raima V3,5 ki B60. Ko te momo tino noa o B10-B40.

kaha kurut me flexural

Hoahoa, e kore nei e pā te kawenga poutū, he ngohengohe ki ētahi atu awe - mānukanuka axial, me te piko. Hei matau ka tu atu ranei te raima taua matatu, Kei te takina ai i roto i te taiwhanga. Mark kaha kurut - Bt0,4 ... 4,0.

impermeability

Whakaritea i roto i te taiwhanga i runga i te mataono-tauira o te taua tau, i roto i te take tuatahi. Ko te ngako o te whakamātautau, ko te ki te whakapiki ake i āta te pēhanga wai ki tona papii roto i te tinana raima. E ai ki te hua o te kohatu i faataahia waitohu wuru W2-20.

Hoki te taiao vairaa pape ha'iriiri, te whakamahi i tiketike-pēhanga engineering waipēhi raima kore e iti iho i W4.

huka-ātete

I roto i ngā āhuatanga o te haumākū nui hāngai ana ki te pāmahana huringa ki te kaha ki te ringihia te wai. Ka rite ki mohiotia te, te roha o te wai crystallizes ka ai kino ki te rauemi hanga, i roto i nei i taea ki te tomo ia. Ki te karo i tenei te hanganga kawenga i roto i te otinga i roto i te hanga o tāpiri tāpiritanga motuhake waipēhi me plasticizers e whakanui i te ātete o te raima ki te tā.

tohu waitohu haupapa F e hia huringa oti o Kangatari me te hukapapa e taea te tu tauira raima o te mate o te kaha, ko te kore neke atu i te 15%. Ki te ranunga o ngā whakamātautau engineering waipēhi kawea atu na roto i te para i te reira ki te wai, me te tahuri ki te tio.

E ai ki te rangahau tohu raima hydrophobic i runga i te haupapa i faataahia F50-300.

improvers ranunga

āhuatanga kurut, resistance wai me te huka ātete takoto i roto i te taahiraa o te ranu te otinga i runga i te tipu. E takoto ngā āhuatanga motuhake e waipēhi Mariao raima o ngā konganuku me pūhui hiato.

E wehea tāpiritanga pūtohu ki 2 rōpū.

whakaiti Rōpū ahau te absorption wai ki 5 nga wa te kaupapa rā kati te whakaora i 28 ra. I roto i te tino whakamahia:

• Feniletoksisiloksan 113-63 (i mua Fes-50).
• AMCP-3 (Russia) konutai Alyumometilsilikonat.
• "Apa" (Russia).
• Gidrobeton (EU).
• Addiment DM 2 (Germany).
• Liga Natriumoleat 90 (Russia).
• Sikagard-702 W-Aquahod (Huiterangi).

rōpū Iti kaha II (whakaiti ki 2-4,8 wā). Ko tōna tono he taea hoki te ranu i te mata o te raima:

• Polyhydrosiloxanes 136-157M (mua GCJ-94M) me 136-41 (mua GCJ-94).
• "Tiwihana Commander-C."
• Stavinor Zn Eu Stavinor Ca PSE.
• HIDROFOB E (Horowinia).
• Cementol E (Horowinia).
• Sikalite (Huiterangi).
• Sikagard-700S (Huiterangi).

e kore e Group III tono ki te hanga o te raima waipēhi. whakaiti nga tāpiritanga te absorption wai ki runga ki te 2 ngā wā.

atu āhuatanga

A, no te tīpako i te ranunga mahi ki pūkete kore anake nga āhuatanga matua o te raima waipēhi, engari ano hoki i ētahi atu tawhā:

• Ko te nui o te na'ina'iraa.
• Ātete ki deformation.
• Ko te tohu o te ātete o te rere o te wai, me te pēhanga papu.

Kahore he tunu kotahi mō te raima waipēhi: i roto i ia take, tango ki pūkete te hanganga matū o te wai, te nui o te pēhanga, me te tahi atu kawenga. I roto i runga ki te taima, me tāpiritanga e whakamahia, nehenehe o te whakarite mahi pono kohatu heke mai.

tono

Whakapanga otinga i raro i te awa wai - he reira haepapa, me te ngāwari. Kei te ringihia te reira i nui i roto i te tikanga ki te karo pakeke pāhiwihiwi, me te horo whenua. Nā ki te āhua o whakapanga te tinana solidifying hoahoa taumahatanga waiariki puta me ngā rerekētanga e hiahia ki te kia whakaritea. Ki te karo pukā me deformation taimi halá, o te āhua, plasticizers e honoa mai ki te otinga, me ngā momo motuhake o te sima:

• Pozzolan.
• Para.
• Ko te hydrophobic.

Hoki te hanga o ngā hanganga moutere whakamahia engineering waipēhi raima. Ko tōna whakamahi He whānui:

• Piriti, ratou tautoko, me girders.
• Whakaritenga whakapakari embankments me taiepa uta tauranga.

• Poka, me o ratou peihana, me te rohe e karapoti ana.
• Ko nga taiepa o manholes me ngahaú.
• e huna ana arā raro.
• whakaurunga Hangarau: pāpuni, teihana mana hurihiko, breakwaters.

I roto i te tau tuuraa o te raima waipēhi o tohu iti e whakamahia ki te whakaki i te basement ki te taumata tiketike o te manawa whenua i te maturuturunga iho nui i roto i te wā o te hukarere rewa me ua taimaha ranei.