Rārangi o konganuku taimaha: momo me ngā āhuatanga

O te katoa 104 mohiotia ki te taata i teie mahana kia ake 82 huānga matū konganuku. te feruri i ratou paitia i roto i te oraraa o te iwi i roto i te ao ahumahi, koiora, me te kaiao. whakarōpū pūtaiao Modern konganuku mo taimaha, marama, me te utu nui. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou ki te rārangi o konganuku taimaha , me o ratou āhuatanga.

Whakatau i o konganuku taimaha

I te tīmatanga, kia huaina te konganuku taimaha ki rite ratou māngai, e whai he taimaha ngota nui atu 50. Heoi, ko te whakamahi o te wā ka mea ki te rā i reira he maha e kore i te wāhi matū o te tirohanga, me, i runga i to ratou rongo ki te parahanga rānei. Ko te kupu, ko te rārangi o konganuku taimaha ngā aua konganuku me metalloids (semimetals) e whakapokea nga mea timatanga o te ao koiora tangata (te wai oneone). Kia titiro a ki a ratou.

Kia pehea te maha ngā tūemi rārangi ngā konganuku taimaha?

I reira, i reira he kahore whakaaro i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga i roto i te rārangi mea, kia rite ki reira he kore paearu noa e pā ana ki ngā konganuku taimaha. Heoi, e taea te hanga e te rārangi konganuku taimaha i runga i te āhuatanga rerekē o te konganuku me ratou huanga rānei. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Ko te taimaha ngota. I runga i tenei paearu, ka karanga no ki neke atu i te 40 ngā huānga ki te taimaha ngota nui atu i te 50 amu (karamu / kamiriona).
• Kiato. I runga i tenei paearu, e whakaaro konganuku taimaha ki te kia te hunga e whai he kiato rite ki nui atu ranei te kiato o te rino.
• tāoke koiora fakatahai konganuku taimaha e pa i te oranga o te tangata, me kaiao ora. I roto i to ratou rārangi o e pā ana ki 20 ngā tūemi.

Ko te pānga i runga i te tinana tangata

Te nuinga o enei matū i te pā tōraro i runga i kaiao ora katoa. I roto i te tirohanga o te papatipu nui ngota, e ruarua kawea ratou me kohikohi i roto i te kopa tangata, meinga tini o nga mate. Ko te kupu, mo te cadmium tinana tangata, ka mohiotia e mēkuri me te mata e rite te konganuku tino mōrearea, me te tino taimaha.

E whakarōpūtia Rārangi o ngā āhuatanga paitini rite ki te tohu o te ati o te pera-ka karanga ture o Mertz, rite ki nei te konganuku tino paitini i te whānuitanga iti rawa o te puaretanga:

1. Cadmium, mēkuri, thallium, mata, te ateneke (rōpū o te paihana konganuku tino mōrearea, nui atu tikanga whakaaetia e taea arahi ki disorders hinengaro, me te whaiaroaro nui, a tae noa te mate).
2. Konukurahina, chromium, molybdenum, nika, kakano, konutaketake, me te konutea.
3. Pārana, konupora, strontium, vanadium, Tungsten

Tenei e kore e Heoi te tikanga e tetahi o nga mea timatanga whakarōpūtia teitei, rite ki te tikanga Mertz kore e, e reira i roto i te tinana tangata. I te anga ke, ngā te rārangi o konganuku taimaha reira, enei, me te tonu neke atu i te 20 ngā huānga, e kore te mea he kukū iti o e kino anake mo te ora te tangata, engari ano hoki he tika i roto i ngā tukanga pūkoro tinana, ngā rino, parahi, hinu, molybdenum me te konutea noa.

Contamination o te taiao ki te konganuku taimaha

Ko te āhuatanga o te ao koiora, he poke ki konganuku taimaha, he oneone, me te wai. Nuinga o ngā wā, i te perpetrators o tenei mahi hinonga metallurgical tukatuka marama, me te taimaha konganuku kore-ferrous. Ko te rārangi o pollutants me kapi te incineration koraha hinonga, pereoo whakapau, nga kohua i, production matū, typographical, kamupene, me te ara tipu te mana.

I roto i te nuinga o tāoke he: mata (motokā ahumahi), mēkuri (Tauira Distribution: pakaru i roto i te ine pāmahana whare me te rama kōrekoreko), cadmium (i hanga e te incineration). I tua atu, te nuinga o nga otaota i roto i te hanga te whakamahi i te tahi mau huānga e taea te āhuatanga rite taimaha. rōpū Metal, kua te rārangi o e kua homai i runga ake, i roto i te puka o te ururua rere maha ki te wai, me te atu haere te mekameka kai mai ki te tangata.

āhuatanga hangarau atu poke taiao e konganuku taimaha, i reira e taiao hoki - he hū, kua kitea i roto i te rangitoto ihirangi cadmium tiketike.

Āhuatanga o tohatoha i te āhua o te konganuku tino paitini

Mercury i roto i te āhua ake maha paetata i roto i te wai, me te rangi. Te moana ao wai mēkuri haere mai ana i ngaa ahumahi, i reira e ano kohu mēkuri hangaia e tika ana ki te parariraa o te waro. pūhui paitini kohikohi i roto i ngā kaiao ora, rawa i roto i te kaimoana.

Lead he wāhi horapa whānui. piki te reira i roto i nga maunga, a ka i roto i te oneone, me te i roto i te wai, me rauropi ora, a tae noa i roto i te rangi, i roto i te puka o ngā haurehu whakapau i AUTOMOBILES. O te akoranga, tomo mata te taiao rite ki te hua o te mahi tikanga tangata i roto i te puka o te ururua i te rängai ahumahi, me te ururua Nonrecycled (pūhiko me pūhiko).

He puna o te poke taiao i cadmium ko te wai koraha o hinonga ahumahi, me te āhuatanga tūturu: te HUARERE o parahi ore, wīra o te oneone, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te hua o te mahi puia.

Scope o konganuku taimaha

Ahakoa te tāoke, hua ahumahi hou te momo nui o ngā hua whai hua mā te hangaruatanga taimaha whakarewa kore-ferrous, te rārangi o e ngā alloys parahi, konutea, mata, he tine, nika, Titanium, zirconium, molybdenum me etahi atu.

rauemi ukanga, i nei te ngā waea, putorino, kitchenware, whakapaipai, tuanui me te ake - parahi. I tua atu, kei te whakamahia whānuitia reira i roto i te engineering, me te korablestroitelstve.

He he āhuatanga anticorrosive tiketike, reira noa ki te whakamahi i konutea koranu paninga mō ngā hua whakarewa (ie. N. Galvanizing) Konutea. Tono o Konutea hua hanga, engineering aunoa, tā (pereti-hanga), tākirirangi, ahumahi matū (peita me Inks), a tae noa rongoā (māngai rongoā me ētahi atu.).

Lead rewa ngāwari, na reira te whakamahia te reira rite te rauemi raw i roto i ngā ahumahi maha, peita, matū, automotive (wāhanga o ngā pūtau), hiko, hauora (hokohoko aikiha tiaki mō ngā tūroro i roto i te wahi o te X-ray Rangahau).