Receptors Classification. Hā, ataata, nociceptors

He aha te mea te anatomy? Ko te pūtaiao e tuatapapa i te āhuatanga o te tinana tangata. pā hoki Whakarōpū o receptors me whakaohooho ki take o te ako. Kia pehea te i te tuatahi e pā ana ki te tuarua? E mea ohie roa. I te tonu kitea te tinana ki te momo nui o whakaohooho, whakautu matou receptors ki a ratou tīpakongia, reira katoa tei runga i to ratou wāhi me te hanganga. Kei te karanga a hoki karere hanganga pūnaha tairongo, tuku o te mana'o te haapao ra i te pūnaha io pokapū.

He momo rerekē o receptors, engari ki te timata ki te wehewehe i te rongo:

• Kanohi.
• Taringa.
• okana Sense mahara.
• Reo.
• Ihu.
• Leather.

He aha e hiahia ana tatou receptors

Ko te katoa i roto i te hiahia o taua kōrero homai e te taiao. Tuatahi o te katoa he mea e tika ana i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarato ratou ki te kai, me te rawa te takoto ritenga ki te tiaki ia ratou i te ati, me mo te takotoranga i roto i te wāhi. tenei katoa whakarato enei hanganga io. Whakarōpū o receptors - he pono reira he take nui, engari kahore te aroaro o te tohu tātari ngā momo o mahi ki runga ki a ratou.

nanamu

Whakaröpütia ratou e te āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

• Modality.
• Hāngaitanga.

No nia i te wāhi tuatahi, te wehewehe i nga akiaki waho i waenganui i waiariki, hiko, pūkaha, osmotic, matū, marama, me te tini ke atu. E tuku ratou tika mā te kaha o ngā momo rerekē, hei tauira, waiariki, e kore e Koinei, e tuku e te pāmahana, me te pera i runga i.

Haunga tenei katoa, kua wehea ratou ki akiaki rawaka me te takarepa, he mea e tika ana ki te kōrero i te iti bit atu.

hāngaitanga

Mea nui mīharo tupato whakaaro Fridriha Engelsa, ko wai i whakapono e te rongo - ko te mea matua o te roro tenei. Ko ia tino tika, no te mea mea katoa e kite tatou, ite me te rongo - he mea he kaiaka o te okana tikanga me receptors, me te whakaongaonga o te mua - ko te wahi tuatahi o te ao i waho i mohio tenei. Hei tauira, te mahi o nga puku reka , ite matou, ina ite tatou i te reka kai (kawa, tote, kawa ranei reka), ritenga kanohi o receptors kawe ki a matou i te tikanga o te marama, hapa ona ranei.

ka karanga te faaitoitoraa ki i taunga te receptor te, kua rawaka. He tauira pai mahi receptors reo. A, no te whakanohoia i roto i te mangai o tetahi taonga ite tatou i te reka, pērā i kawa, tote, reka ranei kawa. kanohi te etine hopu ngaru marama, na matau tatou e te marama, ko te i runga i.

ta'efe'ungá

He āhuatanga receptor āhua rere, engari, korero e pā ana ki te ngoikore o whakaohooho taea te tāutuhia e whai ake: i raro i te mana o te pūngao ki nei e kore e te receptor fe'unga, ka karanga sensations wahi iti, pērā i ka tika whakaongaonga. Tauira he ru hiko, ritenga matū ranei.

Ki te mea kua riro te etine whakaongaonga aunoa, i reira ka waiho he mana'o o te marama, he āhuatanga i huaina "phosphenes". Ranei te fariiraa i te ru hiko i roto i te taringa e taea tatou te whakarongo i te reo, engari ka taea e te kore hangarau meinga reka.

Whakarōpū o receptors: whaiaroaro

Ki te take o whakaohooho mahino tatou, tatou inaianei kua noho take ōrite nui. Hei mahino te huarahi o te mahi o te receptor whakarōpūtanga he faufaa. Hei tīmata wetewete i te mea o te parau tumu i te hanganga o te pūnaha tairongo tangata, tīpako i te mahi taketake, kia kōrero a pā ana ki te urutaunga. Tuatahi o te katoa, i te momo o te receptor whakarōpūtanga ngā o te whai ake:

• receptors mamae.
• Spotting.
• Receptors e whakatau te tūnga o te tinana, me ona wahi i roto i te wāhi.
• Rongo.
• Tūturu.
• Olfactory.
• Reka.

e kore te mea anake te whakarōpū o receptors tenei, i roto i te tua ki enei momo o te wehenga me te tuku o te tahi atu mau huru maitatai. Hei tauira, localization (roto, o waho), i te āhua o te whakapā (whakapā, me te tawhiti), tuatahi, me te tuarua.

He kawenga mō te whakarongo, titiro, kakara, pa me te reka receptors waho. Ko te tiaki ā-o te pūnaha musculoskeletal me te āhua o whekau.

kōwae Tuarua, kua tāutuhia e matou nga momo e whai ake nei o receptors: tawhiti, e ko, te hunga e kitea te tohu i te tawhiti (kite ranei rongo), me hoapā e rapu utu whakapā hāngai, pērā i reka.

Ki te whakaaro ki te wehenga o tuatahi, me te tuarua, te rōpū tuatahi ngā hunga e tahuri te pini whakaongaonga i roto i te neuron tuatahi (tauira: te tikanga o te kakara), me te tuarua - te pūtau he receptor (Tauira: reka titiro ranei).

hanganga

Ki te whakaaro tatou ki te hanganga o te mau farii ohipa tangata, he reira taea ki te tohatoha i te mau parau tumu taketake pērā i:

1. He plurality o paparanga pūtau, arā: receptor manavasii hono ki te apa pūtau tuatahi me te paparanga whakamutunga ko te pēne ki te uho kaka me te ake ïa ki ona wāhi nekeneke neuron. Tēnei āhuatanga e āhei te tukatuka tere tiketike rawa o tohu hou tukatuka i te pūnaha paparanga tuatahi.
2. Hoki te tika me te tika o te tuku o tohu karere whakaratohia multipathing. Ka rite ki whakaahuatia i roto i te paratarafa hopea, te pūnaha pūoko he plurality o ngā papa, me ratou i roto i tahuri i i te torutoru tekau o nga mano ki te maha milioni o ngā pūtau e tuku mōhiohio ki te paparanga muri. I tua atu, tenei āhuatanga whakarato tika me te tātari taipitopito o te tohu.
3. Ko te hanganga o ngā piere. Hei tauira, whakaaro ki nga receptors o te etine. I roto i te etine ano, i reira e kotahi rau me te toru tekau miriona o receptors, engari i roto i te apa o te miriona e toru rau mano ngā pūtau ganglion, i te mea he rau nga wa iti. Ka taea e tatou te mea e, te vai te whāiti kōrere. He aha te mea tona tikanga? Kei te whakakorea mōhiohio faufaa katoa, engari i te wāhanga e whai ake nei i hanga te aano kōrere, e whakarato ana te tātari tohu whakarei.
4. Pārōnaki poutū a whakapae. whakatairanga ana te tuatahi te hanganga o tari, arā, o ngā papa, me te mahi i tetahi kotahi mahi. hiahiatia ana te tuarua kei te hoki ki te pūtau wehe ki ngā akomanga i roto i te paparanga kotahi. Hei tauira, tangohia te kite, mahi reira e rua noa takere, e kawe atu ratou mahi i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē.

mahi receptor

Analyzer huaina te wahi o te pūnaha io e ngā o te maha huānga: te Tārewa, ara karere me ngā wāhanga o te roro.

katoa wāhanga e toru e:

1. Receptors.
2. Kaiārahi.
3. o te roro.

Ratou mahi rite takitahi, e ko, te tohu whai tuatahi, te tuarua kawe ratou ki te roro, ka tātari te tuatoru mōhiohio. Kei te rere te reira i te pūnaha katoa i roto i te tukutahi ki te whakarite matua te haumaru o te tangata, me te tahi atu taata ora.

ripanga

whakahere tatou ki te whakanui i te āhuatanga matua o te pūnaha pūoko katoa, mo tenei hoatu e matou te tepu.

āhuatanga receptors

E uiui atu. Na e hiahia ana koe ki te tautuhi i te āhuatanga matua o te receptor. Ko te tuatahi ka karanga tatou te selectivity. Ko te mea, ko te e whakahaua te nuinga o te receptor tangata te ki te whakaae tetahi anake momo o tohu, pērā i te marama tangi ranei, he ratou rawa i haria ki enei momo o tohu, he tino nui te tūtohutanga. He hihiri te receptor anake i roto i te kaupapa e kitea te tohu iti mo e whakaurua te ariā o "excitation paepae."

Kei te hono te taonga tuarua hāngai ki te tuatahi, a ka tangi te reira rite te uara paepae iti mo te akiaki e tika ana. Hei tauira, tangohia te kitenga e hopu ana i te tohu iti, i te mea e tika ana ki te mahana i te ritamano o te wai i te kotahi tohu Celsius rite nui rite ono tekau mano nga tau. Ko te kupu, ko te tauhohenga he taea me te takarepa akiaki pērā i hiko, me te pūkaha, anake hoki taua momo, aua, a ko te nui teitei te paepae. I tua atu i te i mua, i reira e rua ngā momo o kuwaha:

• pūmau,
• rerekētanga.

Tuatahi whakatau i te uara i raro, ka mohio e te tinana, i te muri taea tatou ki te wehewehe i te tohu o te māramatanga, atarangi o tae rerekē, a na i runga i, e ko, te rerekētanga i waenganui i te whakaohooho e rua.

Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga tino nui o kaiao ora katoa i runga i te whenua - i te urutaunga. A ki to tatou pūnaha rongo urutau ki tikanga waho.

urutaunga

Tenei tukanga tā te receptors kore anake o ngā pūnaha tairongo, engari katoa o ona papa. Kia pehea te e tupu tenei? Tino noa, te paepae excitation, i whakahuatia matou mua, e kore te mea he taimau tenei. Ki te urutaunga ratou huri, hei iti tairongo ki te tumu tamau. E whai koe i te kaitiaki kāinga? e kore koe e whakarongo ki to ratou māka tonu, no te mea koutou receptors (i roto i tenei rongo take) riro iti tairongo ki te faaitoitoraa i homai. Na te tahi atu wa-e kai ana me te tuhia whakaohooho kua whakawhanakehia matou wātea i te mate.

tukanga urutaunga karapotia puku kore anake, engari ano nga wahi katoa o ngā pūnaha tairongo. whakakitea Urutaunga o nga āhuatanga piringa kei roto i te meka e mau farii ohipa kore e tamau paepae excitation. Na roto i te whakanui ake i nga kuwaha o te excitation, t. E. Whakaiti receptor tūtohutanga, i reira he he urutaunga ki roa i te akiaki i tuhia ai. Hei tauira, e kore e he tangata ite i te pēhanga tamau i runga i te kiri o tona kakahu, kihai i kite i te māka tonu o te karaka.

Receptors me wāhanga toniki

Kia mōhio e wehea nga receptors katoa ki:

• tere te paku,
• āta huri.

Na hoatu te tuatahi, ka karanga ano hoki wāhanga whakautu ki te whakaohooho anake i te timatanga, me te i te mutunga o tona mana, engari ko te tuarua (toniki) unga tohu tonu ki to tatou pūnaha io pokapū i o te wā he wā tika roa.

Tonu Me ki mohio taea te haere tahi taua urutaunga e te hua e rua me te hekenga i roto i excitability o te receptor. Hei tauira, whakaaro e haere koe i te marama i roto i te ruma pouri, i roto i tenei take, i reira he he hua i roto i te excitability, te tuatahi kite koe i nga taonga rauhanga, a ka anake mumura. Te take whakamuri, ki te te whakawhiti ki te anaanaraa e, e matau ana tatou katoa i te faaiteraa "mamae te marama o koutou kanohi" ruma pouri, schurimsya matou e tika ana ki te meka e kua hanga matou receptors, a heke reira te excitability o to tatou photoreceptors kei te tupu pera-ka karanga urutaunga pouri.

ture

He mea nui ki te mohio e te pūnaha io tangata Ko te ahei o te ture, te reira i katoa tei runga i koutou hiahia i te wa i homai. Ki te koimutu tīmata te tangata Mutu ake ki te mahi ā-tinana, faarahi te tūtohutanga o receptors (pūnaha musculoskeletal) tino. Te aha e mea e tika ana? I roto i te tikanga ki te whakahaere i te perception o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua o te pūnaha musculoskeletal. I tua atu, i roto i te tua ki te tukanga urutaunga taea pā receptors me ētahi atu hinonga. Hei tauira, te tango i te taringa, ki te te ka ke he urutaunga me te nekeneke o taua wahi rite:

• hama,
• paepae,
• stapes.

Ko, te ossicles māna o te taringa waenga.

ngā kitenga

Whakarāpopoto i te i mua, ano matou e tīpako mahi matua o to tatou pūnaha pūoko: rapunga tohu, te aukati, te faafariuraa tetahi ahua o te pūngao ki tetahi (karere hihiko), tahuri te tohu tuku ki te tahi atu paparanga o ngā pūnaha pūoko, āhukahuka o whakapakoko. āhuatanga matua e rite tūemi e whai ake nei: selectivity, paepae iti o te whakautu ki whakaohooho tika, te kaha ki te urutau ki te taiao. whakaaro hoki matou taua tūemi nui rite te hanganga me te whakarōpū o ngā pūnaha tairongo, te whakarōpū o ngā huanga rerekē o whakaohooho, urutaunga.