Satellite Communications. Pokapū, ngā pūnaha, me te whanaketanga o kōrero wāhi

I teie mahana, he mea kahore ohorere maha rihi pee'utari i runga i nga tuanui o nga whare. whakapumautia mau Satellite Communications i te ora o te tangata noa i roto i te huarahi. Ahakoa i roto i ngā wāhi mamao inaianei i te whai wāhi ki te mataara TV me te whakamahi i ngā ratonga Ipurangi, i te he i te taumata tohu teitei. kua Ko kua meinga tenei katoa whakawhetai taea ki te pokapū kōrero wāhi mahi, ka e kia kōrero i roto i tenei tuhinga.

whatunga World

I roto i te whatunga ao i teie mahana taiawhio te ao. I roto i Russia te whai wāhi ki te tango i tohu pouaka whakaata-kounga teitei e āhei te Federal State Kotahitanga Enterprise "Russian Satellite Communications." Tenei Ko tetahi o te nui rawa ngā pee'utari tekau i roto i te ao, me ona ake pokapū TV o kōpeketanga. I tua atu, whakarato reira multiplexing o awa mamati, mahia pōkai o hānga ana ngā hōtaka päpäho.

wae wāhi

Kei te kamupene o te whetū o 12 āmiorangi awhe katoa. wāhi amiorangi kapinga ko te rohe katoa o Russia, Kihi, Europe, Africa me te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti, Ahitereiria, Te Tai Tokerau ko Amerika ki te Tonga, me te rohe Ahia-Kiwa. wāhi orbital o te waka ātea i roto i te pewa orbital - i 14 ° uru ki 145 ° ahopou rawhiti.

Ko te wāhanga teretetiera

Hanganga, i te mea i runga i te whenua - te reira e rima pokapū mō kōrero wāhi. E tū ana puta noa i te rohe o Russia. I roto i tona mahi arahina te kamupene e te hōtaka ūnga e hānga ana mo te whanaketanga o te päpäho i roto i te Russian Federation i roto i 2009-2018. Ko te tino whānui te whānuitanga o ngā ratonga:

• whakahaere, kōrero wāhi me te aroturuki wāhi o ngā hanganga me waka;
• kōrero me te pāpāho (reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata pāpāho, mamati me te amiorangi TV) mo 52 whenua;
• kāwanatanga me te kōrero peresideniraa;
• Kātua me te moana kōrero.

pūnaha kōrero wāhi

kawea te amiorangi wāhi, me te hoki i roto i roto i ngā ara - te tuku o ngā mōhiohio i runga i te hongere whenua. Nga pūnaha telemetry, waea, waea, pouaka whakaata wāhi whakamahia. Ko te pūnaha irirangi tino rongonui. Ko te āhuatanga motuhake matua o te wāhi e tika ana ki te taonga wāhi e rere e whai ake nei:

• te huri tonu te tūranga o te waka ātea;
• tohu huringa tonu i te auautanga fariiraa;
• iti rohe aritanga tika ki nga ngā hononga whenua;
• whāiti foaki mana kei runga i te waka ātea;
• te whānuitanga nui o kōrero.

Whanaketanga o Space Communications

mohio te katoa e te kitenga i te whakapā tuatahi ki te tangata i roto i te wāhi i April 12, 1961. ko Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, puta noa i tona rere ki te mau tonu i te rua-ara whenua waea me te waea kōrero on me te waka ātea "Vostok" i roto i te whānuitanga o te mita me te decameter ngaru.

I roto i te heke mai, i ake kōrero wāhi ki te whenua, a i roto i August 1961, i roto i te rere o te cosmonaut GS puta heke Titov ki te 10 papa ia pikitia TV tuarua. I teie mahana, Kei te whakamahia tikanga pūnaha pouaka whakaata paerewa, me te tawhiti tuku o 350 miriona kiromita (i roto i rerenga ki Mars).

wāhanga hangarau me te ōhanga

Term ratonga pee'utari i roto i te āmionga ko e pā ana ki te 15 nga tau. I roto i tenei wa, te whanaketanga o hangarau kōrero hou. rere te tōtika me te whakamahi i te reira rite te whare reti - Kotahi te pee'utari i roto i te ohuraa ki utu ki runga ki $ 230 miriona, me te mahi o te rangatira. I roto i Russia, e rua anake corporations nui e taea ki te whai i te amiorangi i roto i te ohuraa te mautū - Federal State Kotahitanga Enterprise "Russian Satellite Communications Company" ko Oao "Gazprom Space Systems".

Raruraru o ngaru poto

Radio kōrero ki te ātea , me te waka rererangi kei i tawhiti nui atu i 1000 km, e whakahaere i roto i te whānuitanga ngaru. Otiia i roto i te ao o teie mahana, e kore he nui tenei awhe. Ko te take hoki tenei e whai ake:

• ngaru, kahore pokanoa nui e taea te mahi teihana e pā ana ki te mano irirangi me ratou mahi i tenei ra i roto i te tini noa atu.
• titau te taumata haruru te whakanui ake i te whakamahi o foaki atu kaha.
• Ko te koha tino o te whānui taua - whakatö multipath me te pānga o te tohu memenge i te kaiwhiwhi. Tenei hanga reira tata e taea ki te kōrero i roto i tēnei awhe he kore tawhiti nui rawa.

ngā poipoi Ultra-poto iti utaina, engari kawea te fariiraa i roto i anake i roto i te rohe o te aritanga.

Waiho - āmiorangi

Ko te aroaro o te tohu repeater i roto i te wāhi, ara āmiorangi, homai tirohanga me oroko ake taea hou mo te whanaketanga o kōrero wāhi. Ka riro te reira taea ki te whakarato kōrero pono ki ngā mamao i roto i te wāhi me te ki taupoki ana i te mata o te ao haumaru me te haapurororaa mātiti tapahanga. Āmiorangi mātātoa me repeaters tohu hāngū taea te tāuta, me nga āmiorangi kia rānei pahoho (whakaritea whanaunga ki te whenua) me te rere i āmiotanga iti ratou.