Silver rotarota Age: kaitito, rotarota, tohutohu taketake me ngā āhuatanga

I roto i te wahi o te rau tau XIX, kua meinga nei e te wā o te ara faahiahia o te ahurea motu me whakatutukitanga rahi i roto i mara katoa o toi, mai whīwhiwhi, ki tonu i te ngā whakaari, me te tahuri ngā o XX rautau. Ko te tau koura o te ora pāpori, me te toi i whakakapi e te hiriwa pera-ka karanga, ka hoatu e whanau ki te whanaketanga tere o Russian tuhinga, rotarota me te tuhi i roto i te opape kanapa hou, a muri ka te tīmatanga o tona hinganga. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka arotahi tatou i runga i te rotarota o te hiriwa Age, whakaaro ona āhuatanga motuhake, ka kōrero e pā ana ki te ahunga matua, pērā i ngā tohu, futurism me Acmeism, ia o nei he waiata motuhake o te irava, a marama faaiteraa o kare me mau mana'o o te hero lyrical.

Silver rotarota Age. wā mahu'inga i roto i te ahurea Russian me te toi

Kei te whakapono te reira e kiia te timatanga o te hiriwa Age o tuhinga Russian mō te 80-90 tau. XIX rautau. I tenei wa, i reira he mahi o maha kaitito nui: V. Bryusov, K. Ryleeva, K. Balmont, I. Ann - me kaituhi L. N. Tolstogo, F. M. Dostoevskogo, Saltykov-Shchedrin. Kei te haere te whenua i roto i nga wa pakeke. I roto i te kingitanga o Alexander ahau, i tuatahi i reira ko te puai tāmau whenua kaha i roto i te whawhai o 1812, a ka, e tika ana ki te huringa ohorere i roto i te kaupapa here i mua ohaoha o te kingi, te faaruru i te hapori he teka fakamamahi me te parekura morare taimaha. āhuatanga Ko tōna rotarota tino pokea ana o te hiriwa Age ki runga ki te āhuatanga 1915 Social ora me te tōrangapū e te raruraru hohonu, ririhau, huru kohua. Whakatipu amuamu papatipu, politicization o te ora, me te i te wa ano e whakakaha ana i te tuakiri whaiaro. Ko te Kamupene mahi whakamātau kaha ki te kitea te pai hou o te kaha, me te pūnaha pāpori. Na kua puritia kaitito me ngā kaituhi arataki ki te wa, te whakawhanake i ngā puka toi hou, me te whakahere whakaaro maia. tīmata te tuakiri tangata ki te kia mohio rite te kotahitanga o tīmatanga maha: tūturu me pāpori, koiora, me te morare. I roto i te Hui-tanguru, i te Oketopa Revolution me te Pakanga Civil o te raruraru whiti Silver Age. Te reira i poraka "I te Poet" (11 February 1921), tukua ki a ratou i roto i te whare o Writers i te hui i runga i te take o 84 tau o te mate o Pushkin, riro te rauoro whakamutunga o te hiriwa Age.

tuhinga āhuatanga o XIX - wawe senituli XX.

Kia whakaaro tatou nga āhuatanga o te whiti o te hiriwa Age. Tuatahi, ko tetahi o nga āhuatanga matua o te tuhinga o taua wa o nui te pānga ki te kaupapa tonu: te tikanga rapu o te ora o te takitahi me te tangata rite te katoa, te kai o te huru motu, te hītori o te whenua, pokanoa o fakamāmaní, me te wairua, te pāhekoheko o te tangata me te āhua. References i te mutunga o te rau tau XIX. Kei te hoko te reira i atu taumauri: whakakitea nga kaituhi te kaupapa o te whawhai, revolution, ati tangata whaiaro kua ngaro e tika ana ki te huru o te rangimarie me te au maite i roto. I roto i nga mahi o ngā kaituhi me kaitito whanau he pūāhua hou, maia, rerekē, kaha, me te maha ohorere, pakeke ki te hinga i te mau ati katoa me ereraa. utua te nuinga o te aro mahi e ki pehea te tumu parau i roto i te poro o tona whakaaro kite nga ngā pāpori fakamamahi. Tuarua, rawa ka whiti, me te tuhi i te rapu kaha mō ngā puka toi taketake me te tikanga o te whakapuaki o mana'o me kare. puka Veesi me pehepehe takaro he wāhi tino nui. kua whakarerea e maha kaituhi te kuputuhi supply puāwaitanga me te whakaaroa tikanga hou, pērā i Vladimir Mayakovsky hanga ana rongonui "arawhata." E mea pinepine te kaituhi ki te whakatutuki i te pānga motuhake e whakamahia ana te kupu, me te reo abnormalities, wāwāhi, a tukua noa alogisms hapa takikupu.

Te toru, te hiriwa Age o kaitito whiti Russian noa whakamātautau ki te taea toi o te faaiteraa. I roto i te kaha ki te whakapuaki i te matatini, maha whakahē, he wawahi aronganui "ahua", kua waiho kaituhi i te kupu hou e pā ana ki te kaumatua o ana whiti kawe i atarangi mohio o te tikanga. tātauira Paerewa tautuhi mea mārama whāinga: te aroha, te kino, uara whānau, te morare - kua riro te whakakapinga whakaahuatanga hinengaro waitara. hoatu ariā tangohia ara ki tīwhiri me tō'onga. he tātāu taua, fluidity uara waha tutuki e te whakarite kānapanapa, e maha nei i hāngai maitai kore āta faitatau o ngā ranei tītohunga, me ngā āhuatanga nonobvious.

A maha, āhuatanga e ara hou o whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro me mau mana'o o te whiti lyrical o te hiriwa Age. Poems e maha kaituhi i hanga whakamahi i ngā whakaahua, tohu o ahurea rerekē, me te torokī te matū, me te mārama. Hei tauira, he tokomaha o nga toi ngā i roto i te kupu o ratou scenes fakatupu i Kariki, Roma, me te muri ngā pakiwaitara Slavic me pakiwaitara. I roto i nga mahi o J. Ann, Marina Tsvetaeva ko V.Bryusov pūrākau e whakamahia ana ki te hanga i te tauira hinengaro ao ki te taa i te tangata te tangata, i roto i ngā, tona wāhanga fakalaumālie. Ia rohi pehe o te hiriwa Age o kanapa takitahi. E mea ohie ia mahino ai o ratou no ki tenei e irava ranei. Otiia tamata ratou ki te hanga i to ratou mahi atu e kitea ana me ora, ki tonu i te tae, kia e taea tetahi kaipānui ite nga kupu, me te aho.

Ko te ahunga matua o te whiti Silver Age. tohu

Writers me kaitito, ki patoi ano ki talena, ua faaite te hanganga o te hou, toi hou - Modernism. E toru matua nekehanga tuhituhi o te whiti hiriwa Age: tohu, Acmeism, futurism. i ia o ratou ona ake e kānapanapa ngā. te tīmatanga whakatika fakataipe i roto i France rite he tautohe ki te whakaatu mooni rā, me te amuamu bourgeois ki te ora. whakapono nga tupuna o tenei rohe, tae atu J. Morsas e anake i te tikanga o te tīwhiri motuhake - he tohu, ka taea e koe te ako i te mea ngaro o te ao. I roto i Russia, puta te tohu i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1890. Ko te kaiwhakarewa o tenei kaupapa ko te DS Merezhkovsky, e whakaaturia i roto i tona mau marôraa taketake pukapuka e toru o te toi hou: ". Roha o te aronga toi" tohu, ihirangi pūngāwerewere me

Tuākana me teina Symbolists

Ko te Symbolists tuatahi, muri te ingoa matua, timata V. Ya. Bryusov, KD Balmont, FK Sologub, Z. N. Gippius, N. M. Minsky me etahi atu. Poets. Kei te maha o ratou mahi āhuatanga e te whakakāhoretanga koi o te mooni. whakaaturia ana ratou i te ora tūturu rite hōhā, ahua kino, me te whakaarokore, e ngana ana ki te kawe i te mita mohio tino o to ratou mau mana'o.

Ko te wā i 1901 ki te 1904. tohu te reira i te timatanga o te taumata hou o te whiti Russian. rotarota Symbolist moe ki te wairua orurehau me te ohiti takamua o nga mea ki te haere mai. Muri Symbolists: poraka, V. Ivanov, A. White - kihai i whakakahore i te ao, e tatari ana hoki tona hurihanga utopian, karakia te ataahua hanahana, te aroha, me te wahinetanga e te hunga mohio ki te huri i te mooni. Ko reira ki te ahua i runga i te scene tuhituhi o Symbolists teina i roto i tuhinga ngā te ariā o te huru. Kaitito mahino reira rite te kupu matamaha e whakaatu ana i te ao, "te rangi", te wairua o tēnei i me i te wa ano, "he kingitanga fenua nei."

Fakataipe i roto i nga tau o te revolution

Russian Silver rotarota Age i roto i 1905-1907. te huri. Te nuinga o nga Symbolists, e arotahi ana ki te ngā kaupapa pāpori-tōrangapū, i tä ratou whakaaro o te ao, me te ataahua o te wahi i roto i te whenua. Kei te mohio ki te whakamutunga i teie nei rite te hepohepo whawhai. Kaitito hanga whakapakoko o te ao hou, e haere mai ki te whakakapi i te ngaro. Hangaia V. Ya Bryusov te maau "mai mua", Alexander poraka -. "Barca ora," "e whakatika i te pouri o te toa ..." me etahi atu.

Huringa me tohu. Na pā reira kore ki te kainga tupu tawhito, me ki te pakiwaitara Russian me ngā pūrākau Slavic. I muri i te revolution, i reira he wehewehenga o te Symbolists, hiahia ki te tiaki i te toi o nga āhuatanga pāhoro, me te, i runga i te anga ke, he mātātoa hiahia i roto i te aroraa pāpori. I muri i nga Symbolists 1907 totohe ruha ratou, whakakapi mai he fa'ifa'itaki o toi o te mua. He 1910 tohu Russian i roto i te fifi, mārama te whakaatu ona ngā whakahēnga ā-.

Acmeism i roto i te rotarota Russian

I roto i te 1911, N. S. Gumilev ngā rōpū tuhituhi - "Shop o kaitito." Tuhinga reira o kaitito S. Gorodetsky, Osip Mandelstam, Ivanov ko G. Adamovich. kore kua tēnei aronga hou paopao te mooni a tawhio noa, me te whakaae ki te mooni rite ko reira, te pupuri tona uara. "Poets Workshop" timata whakaputa tona buka aamu "Hyperborean", me te tā mahi i roto i te "Apollo". Acmeism, ka anga rite te kura tuhituhi ki te kitea te ara i roto i o te raruraru o fakataipe, piri e rawa rerekē utanga wä, me te toi kaitito.

Ko tētahi o nga kaituhi-Acmeists tino rongonui ko Anna Akhmatova. Kua ona mahi kukū ki ngā wheako aroha, me te riro rite te whakaaetanga whakamamaetia hihiritanga o te wairua wahine.

Āhuatanga o te Futurism Russian

rö Silver Age o Russian Poetry tetahi wāhi ngā huaina "Futurism" (i te Latino. kaha'ú, e ko, "te heke mai"). Ko te rapu mō ngā puka toi hou i roto i te mahi o nga teina H. ko Rawiri Burliuk, N. S. Goncharovoy, N. Kulbin MV Matyushina hei te tikanga matua mō te whanautanga o tenei au i roto i Russia. I te tau 1910 ka puta mai i roto i te reira i roto i tā kohinga pohara "Haroko nga kaiwhakawa", i roto i nei kohia i nga mahi o te kaitito tino kōhure rite V. Kamensky, V. Khlebnikov, Burliuk teina, E. Guro. Kua hanga e ēnei kaituhi i te matua o te pera-ka karanga Cubo-Futurists. I muri mai i piri ratou e Vladimir Mayakovsky. I roto i te Hakihea 1912 ka haere mai Almanac - "te kauae i te mata o te Taste Public". cubofuturists Veesi "Buch Lesin," "Dead Moon", "Roaring Parnassus", "" ka purua te kaupapa o maha tautohetohe. I te tuatahi, i mohio a ratou rite te ara ki te faa'oo peu o te kaipānui, engari i runga i titiro ma ofi ange kitea hiahia hiahia ki te whakaatu i tētahi whakakitenga hou o te ao, me te pāpori whakauru motuhake. Anti-rerehua puta ki te makanga kahore nei, ataahua rūpahu, puta kīanga ware ki te reo o te mano.

Huru-Futurists

Kubofuturizma I tua atu, i reira ko tonu e rave rahi ngā, tae atu egofuturizm ahu I. Severianin. I piri te reira i te taha o kaitito pērā i V. I. Gnezdov, I. V. Ignatev, K. Olympia, me ētahi atu hanga e ratou he whare whakaputa "Petersburg Herald", whakaputaina makasini me tāia e ki ingoa taketake: ". Nebokopy", "Eagles mo te pari" "fitment huka" me pera i runga i. d. taa ê tōtōā ratou whiti, me te maha i hanga ki runga o hanga e ratou nga kupu. Haunga huru-Futurists, whakahaeretia matou atu rōpū e rua: "centrifuge" (B. L. Pasternak, N. N. Aseev, S. P. Bobrov) me "rotarota raua pakihi" (R. Ivnev, SM Tretyakov, VG Sherenevich).

hei utu o te mutunga

Silver Age o Russian Poetry i poto-ora, engari kawea huihuia te tupuni kānapanapa o kaitito pūmanawa. E rave rahi o teie mau haurongo i fakamamahi, no te mea te hinaaro o te whakarau i ratou ki te ora, me te mahi i roto i te nō taua mo te whenua, he wa mahu'inga o revolution me tau pou-pāhoro o te hepohepo, e tau fakalotofonuá, inoino me te fanau. Kua mate maha kaitito i muri i te mau ohipa fakamamahi (Khlebnikov, A. Poraka), he tokomaha kua heke (K. Balmont, Z. Gippius, IA raki, Marina Tsvetaeva), etahi ka mau tona ora ake, i koperea ngaro i roto i te puni o Stalin ranei. Otiia, whakahaere ratou ki te hanga i te takoha nui ki te ahurea Russian, me te whakarangatira i te reira ki te tino whakaputa, kara, mahi taketake.