Tapanga - he ... Mōhiohio me tohu i runga i ngā tapanga

I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te mea i te tapanga, te wahi i haere mai ai i, a ka tohu tatou i ona whakaaro. Te mōhiohio rawa te whakaaro hoki, tohua nei i runga i tapanga.

Tapanga - he aha te mea tenei?

tono Ko te kupu "tapanga" te i te reo Wīwī. Iritihia rite "kupu" ranei "tapanga".

Nga Momo tuatahi o tapanga e kitea whaipara i mongamonga o te hiako tūtohu i runga i nga oko waina. I tuhia tenei kitenga mutunga II Mileniuma BC. e. Mōhiohio i runga i te tapanga o tenei ahua korerotia i runga i te waina wahi, tona māka, reka (reka kawa ranei), tau, me i nei i hanga i te reira. Ko te hiahia hoki tenei i haere mai no te mea e whai oko katoa te taua hanga. Matau te mea kahore e nga tirotiro whakatuwheratia a kahore e tamata, ko reira uaua. Whatiia i tika te tightness mōkihi. Na ka haere mai te whakaaro ki te hoatu i te mōhiohio i runga i te wahi hiako o ka piri ki te pounamu. Ki te haerenga mai o ngā ara hokohoko, me te waka o taonga i runga i tawhiti tapanga roa tino whakahaere te whakatinanatanga. i ohie nga tūtohu tuatahi āhua tapawhā.

I muri i 1820 ka anga ki te whakaputa ke i te āhua. hiahia Winemakers ki te hoatu tona tuakiri hua. Ka rite ki te hua, i reira whakapiripiri he karauna, karepe otaota rau ranei. meinga te tapanga hei tohu o te tangatatanga. Ki te wahi o te wā, ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te wahi o karepe tipu nekehia atu, mahue anake te tau o te kotinga, momo waina, me te kaiwhakanao. I te tau 1880 ka puta te tūtohu tae tuatahi. A i roto i te 1883, kua timata tūtohu, me ngā tapanga ki te whakamahi i ētahi atu momo o ngā hua.

whakamahi tonu o tapanga

I muri, e kua i roto i te ara taua ki te tuku mōhiohio, he kaihokohoko o hua me huawhenua. Ki te kunenga o te tapanga kua whakawhanakehia he tikanga o te tono me te kōrero i runga i te taonga. birochki Tuatahi noa e here ana i te wahi o te taura, ka herea ki te ware pi. I muri mai ka te tapanga hua Katahi tika i runga i te hua. Ko te ngā tikanga e wātea ana e whakamahia rite piripiri. I muri ka anga ratou ki te hoko kāpia i te rangatira, faaaravihi i roto i tona production. taonga tata ngaro, i runga i nei i reira ko kahore he tapanga. Kua riro te reira i te huanga whakahauanga mō te tauhokohoko.

I roto i te 1935, i whakaaro tapanga whaiaro-piripiri tuatahi te kaipakihi American Stanton Avery o. I mua, tono te mōhiohio i runga i te tapanga e te ringa. timata tā tapanga Mass i roto i 1980. tomo Order rōpū piari, no te mea mai 1820 kua nui haere te reira hanga ki te 2 miriona ipu i te tau.

tapanga whakarōpū o te faufaa o te mōhiohio i runga i a ratou

I runga i te faufaa o te mōhiohio tāngia ki ngā tūtohu wa i wehea ki wha kāwai.

1. tapanga Information - he tapanga e kei roto ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te ingoa o te hua, hanganga, te rahi, te rā o te hanga, papa ora, tikanga rokiroki.
2. korerotia tapanga whakamārama pehea ki te mahi i te hua, te whakarato i ngā taunakitanga mō te tiaki, mōhio e pā ana ki te mehua haumaru i roto i te mahi.
3. Te tāutu te maua e mōhiohio e pā ana ki te kaiwhakanao.
4. Ko te whakatö-he pānuitanga atu, me te parau e pā ana ki te painga me te mana āhua ake o te hua.

I te wa o tenei ra whakawhanakehia matou tetahi atu tapanga. Tenei pūrere Ko te taiawhio tiakina e te whare. Te mōhiohio kua reira he tino matatapu. whakamahia te reira tino maha i wā, tiaki me ngā nui.

Ki te whanaketanga me te hiahia ki te kia tono ki te mōhiohio hua ka anga ki te puta ture, e tuhituhia whakaritenga mō ngā tūtohu waitohu.

Kua whakawhanakehia matou paerewa, tino hanganga ture ki tapanga. Ko te whakaritenga ture whakaaetia tā tapanga tohua te i runga i tetahi pepa, kia whakamahia tetahi peita, pehea whakaaetia te peita e ki hua pepa kiri. Rekureihana whakahau aha kia te kounga o te tā, me te momotuhi rahi. puta tikanga whakahauanga ngā pokapū, me te whakaōritenga o te mōhiohio tono. kore kua Nuku i te taha o te hua pepa kua waihotia. Rite tepu e whakarato rahi tapanga mō ia momo o te hua.

Ngā momo o ngā tūtohu i te momo hua

Ko te whakatikatika e whai ake nei ki te pire o whenua rerekē i ture i runga i te hanganga o te mōhiohio whakahauanga ki te kia hoatu i runga i te tapanga.

i wehea tapanga Hua ki wha kāwai i te momo o taonga:

• hua kai;
• kakahu, me te hū;
• taputapu me ngā pūrere;
• tākai.

Hoki ngā mōhiohio i runga i te tapanga hua

kia roto i ngā mōhiohio i runga i te tapanga o ngā hua kai mōhiohio e rite te whai ake:

• ingoa hua;
• he rārangi o ngā wāhanga katoa e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga;
• Kai me te pūngao uara;
• mōhiohio e pā ana ki te whenua, me te wheketere kaihanga (ingoa, wāhitau);
• te papatipu o te hua;
• hokohoko rā, tikanga rokiroki me te wa;
• waeherepae;
• momotuhi paerewa, STATE, ranei atu mea, e hāngai ana ki te hua;
• tohu te aroaro ngaro o tāpiritanga kai, colourants, flavorings, ngā whakaniko i hā me te hā, rauropi nga kaiao ranei.

Tags i runga i nga mea

Ki te hua i te kāwai kakahu ko reira nui atu uaua. mea Tūtohu, i roto i te tua ki te rangatōpū waitohu, me i roto i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te whenua o te take, te rahi, hanganga o ngā rauemi mata, me te pūtāhui, te mōhiohio e whai ake nei:

• ki te tenei kakahu, tohu te reira i te ōrau o ngā rauemi mata tūturu me matū. Ano, i roto i ia huānga o te hua: runga, he raro o me te ararewa;
• ina tae mai te reira ki te hū, kua ki te whakaatu mōhiohio i runga i te momo o te rauemi e whakamahia ana mo te runga, raro, me te ararewa i roto i te kaiwhakanao.

Mea i hanga hiako o, tāpiri mōhiohio e pā ana ki te rohe, taimaha, me matotoru. I te hua huruhuru kia tapae mōhiohio e pā ana ki te huruhuru (tūturu ranei rongoa) me te maimoatanga kiri tikanga.

Otiia e kore e te ahunga whakamua e tu tonu. He nui ake ngā rauemi hou, he momo o ngā momo o mutu. Kei te ngana kaiwhakanao ki te tiaki i to ratou hua i te matatu me te mate tere o momo e tika ana ki te whakamahi hē. Heoi, tūtohutanga mo te tiaki, ka taea e puta tikanga o horoi me te rokiroki tika i roto i te puka o kau malanga maha-rōrahi me te wātea, ko te anake te rahi o te tūtohu paerewa. Kua whakawhanakehia reira he huinga o ngā pūāhua whakairoiro, i roto rawaka ngā mōhiohio i runga i te whakamahi me te tiaki hoki i te haumi o te mahi matatini taua.

timata pūāhua ki te whai i te tapanga motuhake tuia ki te hua. I muri i te raupapa o ngā rerekētanga, ngā whakapaitanga me ngā āhuatanga hou puta te tapanga paerewa ao mō te tiaki.

Signs i runga i nga tapanga o puka paerewa hokona, te waia, me te mōhiotia.

Tags i runga i horoi

tohu horoi i te puka o te ipu ki te wai. Numbers tohu te pāmahana tīkina wai. awhe Paerewa i te 30 ° C ki te 95 ° C.

Ringa, i maturuturu iho ki te wai, faaara e anake horoi ringa e tika ana, i te pāmahana e kore ki runga ake i te 40 ° C. kia kia waia ki taua pēhi ata kahore kowiria te hua. Wātea o ngā āhuatanga i kaha faaara o horoi i ahuareka ai. Ki te ngā āhuatanga e rua, me kia tino tairongo te aratau horoi, ka kore te mea i runga 30 ° te pāmahana wai C. Cross i runga i te ipu tohu e kore e taea kia maku te hua, kua whakaaetia anake horoi maroke.

Maroke, me te auriraa

He te ahua o te tapawha mōhiohio e pā ana whakamaroke hua. Roto runanga reira raina (poutū whakapae ranei), me maroke i.e. te hua i roto i te tūnga poutū whakapae ranei. Ko te aroaro o te rua o nga rārangi pātata ki te pūrongo tuatahi e kore te tikanga i te hua kia akina.

E whakaaturia Tūtohutanga mo auri na roto i te puka o te rino. Cross - he faaararaa e rāhuitia e te reira. faaite auriraa pāmahana e ira. hāngai e taha ki 110 ° C, e rua 150 ° C, e toru 200 ° C.

hātea

Tohu WHITENING he ahua tapatoru. ta tohu tāroto ki whakakorehia te whakamahi o taua moni.

Ki te, kei te tono e rua ngā rārangi whakarara te roto o te ahua, ko reira whakaaetia ki te whakamahi i āpiha bleaching hāora-kei roto anake. Ko te kore o ngā pūāhua i roto i te tapatoru faati'a te whakamahi o āpiha māota-kei roto.

mutunga

Ko te tohu i runga i te tapanga e kitea i roto i ngā momo katoa hokona ki ngā hua rā.

A, no te hoko i tetahi momo o hua, nui ki te tiro i te mōhiohio i runga i te tapanga. Tika pānui i te kōrero i runga i te tapanga, tangohia koutou tiaki o te hauora koutou me te hauora o te iwi tata ki a koutou.