TAUIRA here kotuari nonpolar. Irahiko here pākoki me te nonpolar

He wāhi nui i roto i te taumata matū o whakahaere o te ao whai te tikanga o te kōrero hanganga matūriki, i waenganui pūhui. Ko te maha nui o matū ohie, ara e nonpolar momo hono kotuari nonmetals, ki te kahore hoki te haurehu e mangere. Konganuku i roto i te puka parakore i tikanga kōrero ngā mohio e te e whakawhanaunga o irahiko noa i roto i te wini whakakahokaho karaihe.

te matū matatini katoa (te kahore hoki etahi organic) e neke here kotuari matū. E kōrero Types me tauira o enei pūhui i raro. I roto i te takiwa, e mohio nga āhuatanga o pānga te ngota te vahiraa kōrero.

electronegativity

Ngota, me te ake āta ona matua (e, e matau tatou, e pai whakatupato), whai i te kaha ki te kukume me te pupuri i te kiato irahiko, i ngā, i te hanganga o here matū. huaina tenei taonga i electronegativity. Te Taka Pūmotu tupu tona uara i roto i ngā wā me te āhuatanga matua o te subgroups. e kore te mea tonu uara Electronegativity tamau a taea rerekē, hei tauira, te huri i te momo o te hybridization, e tomo orbitals ngota.

here matū, momo me tauira o e rārangi ana i raro, me te ake āta, faataa te localization displacement wāhanga o enei hoapā ki tetahi o nga kaiuru here ranei e te āhuatanga electronegative o te huānga ngā. Puta displacement ki te ngota, i te mea kaha.

here kotuari Nonpolar

"Tātai" nonpolar hononga kotuari ohie - e rua ngā ngota o te natura taua e ngā tahi i roto i te rua o irahiko ratou anga honohono. huaina te rua taua te he wehea hoki no reira ki ngā rōpū e rua rite honohono. E mea na roto whakawhanaunga kiato irahiko i roto i te puka o te rua o ngā irahiko, neke ngota i roto i te āhua eu, mai i oti ratou te taumata irahiko waho, me "octet" ( "doublet" ranei i roto i te take o te taonga ohie o te hauwai H _2, ia anake s-orbital, hoki otinga o e hiahia rua irahiko) - he āhua o te taumata waho, ki nei nga ngota katoa, rite hāngai reira ki te āhua whakakī ki pūngao iti.

He tauira o te here kotuari kore-neke kei i roto i te inorganics me, ke rite kia tangi ai, engari ano hoki i roto i te matū waro, rawa. Ko tenei momo o te hononga noa ki matū ohie katoa - kore-konganuku atu atu i te haurehu pai, kia rite ki te taumata honohono o te ngota hau e mangere me te kua oti kē octet o ngā irahiko, a na reira me rite here ano e kore tikanga hoki ia, a tae noa iti itoito pai. I roto i te mea organic wehenga-kore kitea i roto i te tahi mau hanganga ngā o te rāpoi ngota, me te he herenga.

Irahiko here pākoki

iti TAUIRA kotuari nonpolar here ki te torutoru rāpoi o te taonga ohie, i te pūhui o dipoles i nei te wāhanga neke te kiato irahiko ki te huānga ake electronegative, - he nuinga rawa. Tetahi huinga o ngota ki uara electronegativity rerekē homai here neke. I roto i ngā, e tika ana ki te mea organic - he here kotuari neke. E ētahi wā waikura pararopi katote hoki neke, me tai o waikawa me te honohono katote Predominates momo.

Ka rite ki te take tino o te here neke ētahi wā tukinotia me te pūhui momo katote. Ki te he tino teitei ake i te tahi atu te electronegativity o tetahi o nga mea timatanga, e tino neke te rua irahiko i te pokapū kōrero tukunga. Heoi i reira ko te wehenga ki katote. Te mauria e tetahi te rua irahiko, kua tahuri ki te anion me te manako he ako tōraro, me te mate o te irahiko - kua puta ki te māraa ļa, me te riro pai.

Tauira o matū pararopi ki te momo here kotuari kore-neke

Matū ki te here kotuari apolar - he, mo te tauira, te rāpoi ngota hau-rua katoa: hauwai (H - H), te hāora (= e), te hauota (i roto i tona muingota 2 ngota hono here, takitoru (N ≡ N)); wai me matū totoka: māota (Cl - Cl), fluoro (F - F), bromo (Br - Br), iodine (ahau - ahau). Hoki matū matatini arā, o ngā ngota o ētahi momo pūmotu, engari ki te uara taua tūturu o electronegativity, hei tauira, he ūkuikui hydride - PH _3.

Organic me kore-neke here

Nui mārama e katoa mea organic matatini. Ko te pātai, ko te, me pehea e taea reira kia he here nonpolar i roto i te mea matatini? Ko te tino ohie te whakahoki, ki te te whakaaro arorau iti. Ki te rerekē paku nga uara electronegativity pā ana huānga me kore e hanga i te kau dipole i te pūhui, e taea te whakaaro taua hononga rite kore-neke. Ko te āhuatanga ki te waro me te hauwai tenei: C katoa - e whakaaro H here i roto i te mea organic ki kia kore-neke.

TAUIRA here nonpolar kotuari - mewaro rāpoi ngota, te māmā pūhui organic. Kei a ia ko tetahi ngota waro e, kia rite ki tona honohono, hono e kotahi here ki wha ngota hauwai. I roto i te meka, e kore ko te dipole te rāpoi ngota, mai i reira he kore localization tiaki i roto i te tahi mea, me i te utu o te hanganga tetrahedral. tohaina te kiato irahiko te whakanoho.

He tauira o te here kotuari kore-neke kei i roto i ngā pūhui matū waro matatini ake. Kei te kitenga o te reira i te utu o ngā pānga mesomeric, e ko, ōrite kiato kume irahiko, e hohoro tineia e te mekameka waro. Ko te kupu, i roto i te rāpoi ngota here hexachloroethane C - nonpolar C tika ki kukume kākahu irahiko kiato ono ngota māota.

Ētahi momo o here

I roto i te tua ki te here kotuari, e, rokohanga, e taea te kawea i roto i runga i te tikanga kaituku-acceptor, i reira e katote, te konganuku me te hauwai here. āhuatanga poto penultimate rua aroaro i runga.

here hauwai - ko te pāhekoheko intermolecular hiko, e taea puta ki te reira ko te ngota i roto i te rāpoi ngota, me tetahi atu o te hauwai he takirua irahiko tirikore. Ko nui ngoikore atu nga etahi tenei momo o te honohono, engari e tika ana ki te meka e taea te hanga e te taonga o enei mekameka rawa nui, whai wāhi nui ki te āhuatanga o te pūhui.