Tautuhi i te "Beech": whakaahua, pupuhi ngā. Ko te āhuatanga mahi o SAM "Būk"

I teie mahana, e arotahi tatou i runga i taua patu rite rite pūnaha pere "Būk". kahore ki te mahi ki te tōrangapū tenei tuhinga he, ka pena ka whakaaro matou te taha pono hangarau o te take. Kia tamata o ki te matau i te iti o te mea te tikanga te Army whaiaro-tīhokatia pere pūnaha anti-rererangi, kia maheni ki ona āhuatanga rauhanga, me te hangarau, pupuhi ngā, i roto i te poto, me ona aravihi katoa. Na, whakatokia tatou "Būk".

Ko te hītori

Tuatahi e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatau i runga i te ūnga o te tāutanga. Ko reira te whakangaromanga o ngā taumata aerodynamic rere i te reo, me te iti altitudes ka kīia e ki runga, ki te 830 m / hekona, nukarau ki 12 overloads kotahi, me te i te tawhiti o te 30 kiromita. I roto i runga ki te whakataunga o te USSR me te Komiti Central CPSU i runga i January 13, 1972, ka timata tona whanaketanga. Whai wāhi i roto i tenei ngā o ngā me kamupene, e whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o mua SAM "Cube". I te wa ano i whakaritea e matou ki te whakawhanake i te M-22 matatini, ka karanga "Hurricane" mo te Navy, mā te whakamahi i ngā tākirirangi, tino hototahi ki te "Būk".

Developers

Ka rite ki Kua tāutuhia ngā: Institute o Instrumentation ko Rangahau ko Design Association, e kua te ingoa "Fazotron" Rangahau. whakaritea Rastov A. A. i tino kaihoahoa o te matatini. I hanga mua-uta tāutanga i roto i te KB engineering "Tīmata", kei reira nei a Yaskin A. I. crawler rangatira, uouangataha mo nga mihini matatini, whakawhanakehia te Mytishchi mīhini-hanga tipu, i arahina e Astrov N. A. 9M38 missiles tēra ki te whakawhanake i Sverdlovsk ICD "Innovator". teihana kite me, o te akoranga, i ngā "Dome" i hanga i roto i te Institute o ine me te pū mea o te Tāhuhu o Radio. I roto i te tikanga hoki i taea e te "Būk" kia tino whakahaere, kua whakawhanakehia reira he mōkihi o ngā whakaurunga me te tautoko hangarau i runga i tahuhu. Kua te otinga o te wāhanga faaineineraa kua whakaritea mo te wahi tuarua o 1975.

huringa o ngā mahere

Resolution o te USSR me te Central Komiti CPSU o 22 Mei 1974, i roto i te tirohanga o te hiahia mo te ohorere whakapakari i rangi korero wehenga Armoured ki nui haere papa "Cube", e he wahi o te wehenga, whakahau ki te waihanga i te matatini "Beech" i roto i te rua ngā wāhanga. Tuatahi o te katoa ko reira tika ki te whakawhanake tere te missiles anti-rererangi te mana me te whaiaro-tīhokatia matatini ahi, e taea e rere 9M38 missiles, me te 3M9M3 ngā matatini "Gold-M3". Na i runga i tenei kaupapa i tatou ki te hanga i tētahi "Būk" - pūnaha pere o te whakatupuranga hou. A i roto i te Mahuru 1974 ki te whakarite i tona whai wāhi i roto i te mau tamataraa tahi. Ko ahakoa o tenei, i tino haapa'o te wa i whakaritea i mua ki.

Ahi whaiaro-tīhokatia pū 9A38

I eke te reira i runga i te tahuhu o te GM-569, a ko te reira i roto i te kōwae kotahi fakatahai nga mahi o te whaiaro-tīhokatia Pu ahau Surnov whakamahia i roto i te "Gold-M3". tāutanga hanga 9A38 whakarato rapu kounga i roto i te rängai hoatu, mahi rapunga me te hopu muri o ngā taumata mō te aroturuki aunoa. reira solves hoki te raruraru i mua i te tīmatanga, tīmata me te toru missiles whāhoki, i tū nei i runga taua mea, me te tahi atu e toru missiles 3M9M3-arahina i ekengia ai ia 2P25M3 Pu. taea te whakamahi taputapu te ahi ki rānei Surnov me autonomously. Ko tōna taimaha - 34 taranata. ngā reira SAM "Būk" o: Radar 9s35; pūnaha rorohiko Mamati; reticle pouaka whakaata optically; Starter ki puku mana te haapa'oraa i; faka'eke'eké whenua hihiani, e mahi i roto i te "Kupuhipa"; taputapu ki SPU me Surnov; he generator hau mīhini huri hiko; takotoranga taputapu, punga matawhenua me te whakaterenga; pūnaha ora-tautoko.

Taumahi 9S35 hihiani

kua ki te whakaahua i te wa nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i te hanga o te tātari kiripaka me te pūkaha kua tae, ngā pūrere ngaruiti, mīhini mamati rorohiko, i whakaaetia i roto i te hihiani 9S35, wahi o te matatini "Beech", te whakakotahi i te mahi o teihana māramatanga, rapunga me te ūnga aroturuki. whakamahia te reira e rua foaki - pini me te ngaru tonu, ia ia mahi i roto i te whānuitanga henemita roangaru. Kotahi tuku ki te kitea me te aroturuki i te ūnga, te tahi atu - whāinga backlit ka whakahaeretia missiles anti-rererangi. rapu pūnaha pūihi rāngai tohu electromechanical whiwhi e tukatuka rorohiko pokapū whakamana. 9S35 whakawhiti wa, wahi o te SAM "Būk" i aratau tūtatari i roto i te whawhai i iti iho i te rua tekau hēkona. takoto take tere i ki te tika o te 10 -20 m / s, ko te kupu whakarite ratou whiriwhiri i roto i te āhua neke. .. Hapa: RMS rite whanganga t taunga ko 0.5 g i te mōrahi i roto i te awhe - 175 mita. Kua te teihana kua tiakina i katoa kaha, ngā me te taputapu.

Anti-rererangi pere 9M38

Tenei tākirirangi, i te mea wahi o te engine totoka-rua-aratau SAM "Buck" i tono. Nā ki te whīwhiwhi o keri whakarerea te whakamahi o te hipi toa. I tua atu, kua reira he ātete nui ki etahi, wahi te nuinga hāngū o te trajectory me i koki tiketike o te whawhai i eui i roto i te mahi. Hoki enei take, fakahohaasi te hanganga o te ora i SAM "Cube". i noa kaupapa pere, paerewa, X-āhua, he ōwehenga parirau iti āhuatanga. I te mawhiti tuatahi tona ahua rite missiles anti-rererangi mau utuafare o te kaipuke "waro" me "Paerewa" hangaia i roto i te USA i ngā hanganga ture katoa ki te rohe i roto i te rahi mo te Soviet Navy. I roto i mua o te Autopilot mea 9M38 whakanohoia, semiactive GMN, warhead me te kai tōtika. Kahore he wahi tākirirangi, wehe i roto i te rere, tona roa - 5.5 mita, whānui - 400 mm, urungi tahitahi - 860 mitamano. I rite rawa te reira ki te matenga whāhoki, i i te pūnaha whakahaere ngā ki te whakamahi o hautanga navigation. "Beech" - pūnaha pere he tākirirangi taua - taea patua ngā taumata rere i altitudes i te 25 mita ki te 20 000 me te whānuitanga o te toru me te hawhe ki te 32 km, tona tere - 1000 m / s. i te pere he taimaha o 685 kg, tae atu 70 warhead kg.

whakamātautau tāutanga "Beech"

Tautuhi i te "Būk" i August 1975 ki te mutunga o Oketopa i muri, i roto i 1976, haere nga whakamātautau kāwanatanga. arahina e ia a ratou Bimbash PS, a kawea atu ana ratou ki waho i runga i te rohe o Emba tapamaha. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te tāutanga o "Būk" (whakaahua o ia kanohi i roto i te rangahau) ngā o: Surnov 1S91M3, ahi tāutanga 9A38, pere mata-ki-rangi 3M9M3 ko 9M38, whaiaro-tīhokatia pu 2P25M3 me tiaki o te mīhini. Ka rite ki te hua, kua hanga etahi menemana: he whānuitanga o ngā waka topatopa rapunga i 21-35 kiromita i altitudes iti, te rererangi - 32-41 km. Time pere whakarewanga i te wa o te kite ūnga ko 24-27 hēkona. Tohutohutia te wā, me te rere - iwa meneti. I whakaratohia Hinganga rererangi pere 9M38: i te tawhiti o 3,5-20,5 km - i te teitei o runga i 3000 mita, 5-15,5 km - i te teitei o 30 mita. Ko te wāhi kua pā i runga i tawhā akoranga i 18.5 km i roto i te teitei - i 30 m ki te 14.5 km. Ko te tūponotanga o te kino ahi - 0,70-0,93 ka tīmata i te waka. I roto i te 1978, ka hoatu te tipu "Būk-1" ( "Cube-M4") ki te taviniraa.

Āhuatanga "Buck", te pou whakahau

E matau ana tēnei wā tatou maha kōrero e pā ana ki te whakaaro patu. Ko te wā ki te rōpū te taketake tino i roto i te wahi kotahi. Na, to tatou he matatini "Beech". Āhuatanga o tona whai rawa whawhai. 9S470 - whakahau pou eke i runga i te GM-579 - whakarato i te whakaaturanga, fariiraa me te tukatuka o ngā raraunga katoa i teihana ngā me te kite, me te ono 9A310 - whaiaro-tīhokatia wae ahi. whakarato ia i te kōwhiringa o ngā whāinga mōrearea e hāngai ana, me to ratou tohatoha tika i roto i aratau ā-me aunoa i waenganui i te pupuhi wae whaiaro-tīhokatia, kawea atu i te mahi e ratou rāngai kawenga, me te maha atu ngā mahi nui. Matatini "Beech", whakawhetai ki te buka haapiiraa, mahi pai, ka whakamahi i missiles ki hihiani me te raweketia. Team tūemi 46 kia tukatuka ngā taumata i te teitei o te 20,000 mita i roto i te rohe, he pūtoro o 100 000 m. Ki ono tohu ūnga tukuna ia teihana arotake huringa. 28 toni - taimaha o te KP, homai he waka o ono.

teihana aronga me te rapunga "Dome"

tonu tatou ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te mea i te tipu "Būk". Āhuatanga "Dome" - te wā i muri o te whakaaro ona. Tenei teihana he matawai kurupae hiko i roto i te tairanga o te rāngai 30-40 nekehanga ki te huringa pūkaha o te pūihi mo te Azimuth homai. 9S18 Tumu - kite me te tāututanga o ngā taumata i roto i te rangi i te teitei o 30 mita ki te 45.5 km, i te tawhiti o 120 kiromita. Na, i runga i te āhuatanga i roto i te mōhiohio rangi e tuku ki te 9S470 tōnā. Tei runga i te pokanoa whakaritea-rängai me te wātea o te auau mātakitaki rite ki te 5-18 hēkona i te arotake circumferential me 2.5-4.5 hēkona ka te arotake rāngai o te 30 nekehanga. Tuku i te aho mōhiohio telecode whiwhi i roto i te arotake, ko te 4.5 hēkona, i roto i te nui o 75 tohu. I hangaia te reira me te tiaki o te pānga, whakautu, whakararu pini tukutahingakore. Ano, ahakoa o te aroaro o te ngangau paruru e takoto kitea i te teitei o 5000 mita toa. "Dome", wahi o te matatini anti-rererangi "Beech", i roto i te tahuri, ngā o te Rotator, teihana pūihi, pūihi aroturuki pūrere, he pūrere whiwhi, te pūrere whakawhitihia me ētahi atu pūnaha. I roto i te tūranga tohatoha te teihana i roto i rima meneti haere i haere i te hopoi'a - i roto i te 20 hēkona.

Rerekētanga pupuhi tāuta 9A310 me 9A38

tāutanga tuatahi o te rua o ( "Beech-1"), te āhuatanga i roto i taua kōrero e raina telecode kore e whaiaro-tīhokatia ko Pu 2P25M3 Surnov 1S91M3, a ki te ROM 9A39 me whakahau pou 9S470. hoki a 9A310 wha 9M38 whakahaeretia missiles anti-rererangi i roto i tona pūrere tīmatanga, kaua ki te toru. kawea Ko tōna e mea i roto i hoki meneti 12 me te hawhe i te ROM me 16 meneti - i te logistics waka motokā. Taumaha - 32.4 taranata, tae atu e wha iwi whawhai waka. Ko te whanui o te whaiaro-tīhokatia te ahi - 3.25 mita, te roa - 9.3 m, teitei - 3.8 mita. Kia kite a atu o te mea te tikanga he matatini "Beech". I roto i tenei whakaahua, ka tatou, pera tonu.

9A39 - tīmata-uta tāutanga

Kua tēnei ROM kua tāuta i runga i te tahuhu o te GM-577. Ko tōna whakaaro - rokiroki me te transportation o te mana missiles anti-rererangi - waru nga wahi, e wha o nei i runga i kuhunga whakaritea, e wha - i runga i te pūrere tīmatanga. Ko te tikanga hoki a reira mo te whakarewatanga o wha missiles, atu whaiaro-uta ratou ki lodgements, muri whaiaro-i ako waru tākirirangi i te kai waka motokā. Ko te kupu, "Beech" - pūnaha pere, e fakatahai nga mahi o te Pū tīhokatia-whaiaro ROM mua matatini "Cube" me TPM. ngā reira: triggering pūrere ki te actuator aroturuki, lodgements, tap rorohiko mamati taputapu kōrero telecode mīhini, navigation, here mahere whenua, wae pūngao me te mana supply. Unit taimaha - 35.5 taranata, tae atu i te tātai o e toru, ngā āhuatanga: whanui - 3.316 mita, te roa - 9,96 mita, me te teitei - 3.8 mita.

Opportunities SAM "Būk"

i tenei matatini whawhai teitei, waho, me te mahi whakaritea ki te "kupiki-M4" me "Cube-M3" complexes. Ki te ara ki te titiro noa i te mea ko te tāutanga o "Buck" whakaahua o ona ringa, ka matau tetahi katoa o tona kaha, e whakaratohia:

1. Pai rapunga tika ūnga tika ki te meka i whakaritea he arotake tahi o te wāhi e karapoti ana ki ono whaiaro-tīhokatia pupuhi, me te arotahi me te teihana rapunga.
2. Tukutahi ki te whāinga e ono, pupuhi ope taua, me, te mea e tika ana, a ka whakamahia takitahi o whaiaro-tīhokatia wae ahi - mahi ki runga ki te ono misioni whawhai motuhake.
3. tiaki kaha ki pokanoa i roto i te whakamahi o onboard matenga whāhoki rorohiko me te tohu momo māramatanga motuhake.
4. Nā ki te nui haere te mana o SAM (tona warhead) - kakama tiketike rawa o te whakangaromanga o ngā taumata rere.

mutunga

Na roto i te whakatauira me te whakamātautau hua, ka takoto te tikanga e te tautuhinga ngā pihinga "Buck" - i 3 ki te 25 kiromita i te teitei o runga ki te 18 kiromita, ka tere ake ki te 800 m / s. I roto i tenei take whakarato reira he ngā taumata whakaeke qualitatively kahore e e nukarau. Tūponotanga o hinga i 0.7-0.8 ka pupuhi i te pere arahina me te tautuhinga ki 18 kiromita akoranga. Ki te te whakaaro o pōhēhē a, te tūponotanga patua ko te 0.6. I ringa rangi ope korero matatini "Beech" whāngai i roto i te 1980. Mai reira, e rave rahi mau taime kawea atu tona ao hōu, ki te whakarei ake i te kaha whawhai me te haumaru.