Te hangarau o nga mahi i te "taiepa slurry"

I roto i ngā wāhi tāone hou atu maha i reira he he huru ki te whakamahi ake kouma o te wāhi me te hiri hanga. Enei mau huru arataki nga kamupene hanga ki etahi tikanga. I te mata, iti tonu pae wātea, e taruke ngā ki huihui ki te hanga o whakaurunga raro. I roto i te tahi atu mea, i reira e te tahi mau ahanoa e he kouma atu ki te hanga i raro. Ēnei ngā warehouses nui, malls hokohoko, me te karati. Ko te hanga raro ko te tukanga tika wa-e kai ana, e whakarato ana hoki i te nui etahi o wheako me te taputapu e tika ana mō ngā kamupene hanga.

Otinga o te raruraru i runga ake kia kia uaua e te meka e ko te tino heterogeneous te oneone, e taea e te reira o kōwhao rahi rerekē, whenua rere te wai. I te tahi taime, no te ui i te rohe mo te whanaketanga tahuri atu e nga toka e tika ngoikore. tupu te reira i e te huna raro ko katoa o ngā pūnaha engineering, kahore e nei maheretia. I roto i tenei mahi tino maha he mea e tika ana ki te kuru, e Kei te turanga o whare tūtata rawa tata ki te pae hanga, me nga taiepa o whare teitei-ara e kore e tukua ki te tahuri tino pere cranes.

Ko te take o te hanga o ngā hanganga raro

I runga anō i te aha i te āhuatanga hydrogeological o te whenua, me te pehea hohonu ka waiho i roto i te ruma, e taea te mahi Underground Construction tetahi o te maha ngā huarahi. E whakaaro ana te nuinga noa "taiepa slurry" tikanga o te caisson me ara tuwhera. Ko te hangarau tuatahi i roto i te mau o tenei ra tika noa, a tonu tonu ki te riro rongonui no te mea e nehenehe e tauturu i te reira ki te whakaoti i te raruraru i roto i ngā āhuatanga karaunatia, kahore whakapawerawera turanga o whare i roto i te takiwā.

parau tumu hangarau

hanga taiepa HWM te i runga i te parau tumu tika ohie, e whakarato ana hoki i te faaineineraa o te waikeri me arearenga. I tua atu, kei te hangaia nga kōwhao i hanga Walling, tenei te whakamahia te tikanga raima. rite rawa ki te hanganga ā-, pērā i te patunga witi, me te tahi atu āhuatanga i raro i te tiaki o te pūnaha whiwhi.

tikanga momo

Hangarau "taiepa slurry" taea te wehea ki te maha iti-momo, pērā i: waikeri me te puranga. Ko te tuatahi ko te whakamahi o te raima whakapakaritia, ka whakapakaritia wāhanga raima, i roto i nei i hanga te he taiepa kotahi. tikanga puranga tā te tāutanga o pou hōhā, e kua tū i muri ki te totoka. tukua ratou ki a koe te hanga i te Walling mārō. Ko nga mea katoa i te hangarau ranei kua whakamahia, ko reira atu te fafau mai whakaritea ki ngā tikanga o te hanga o ngā hanganga raro kē. He mea tika ki te whakamahi i me te whakahoutanga o whare ngā o tetahi whakaaro.

poi o tono

Ka taea te whakamahi taiepa HWM ka reira te mea he hiahia ki te hanga i te pihi, e huna ana, karati raro, warehouses, irava raro, tāke, nga mea katoa o tāke ero, Junctions ara, me te te turanga o whare mō ngā take rerekē.

Ko te tikanga mākū me te maroke

Whakaaro i te kaha o te oneone, me ona kaihanga haumākū taumata e taea te whiriwhiri tikanga hanga mākū maroke ranei. e kore te mea pera utu te whakamutunga, no te mea kahore he hiahia ki te faaineine i te paru hoki ia. Heoi, e taea te haere te reira ki anake, no te reira he whakawhirinaki i roto i te kaha o te oneone, me te kore o awa raro. hangarau Wet Ko te otinga pai mo te hanganga o ngā nui i roto i te iu oneone kukū. Ki te haere tahi te hanga te tikanga whakaahuatia, he reira ētahi wā e tika ana ki te whakapakari ake i te taiepa o te waikeri. Te mutunga iho hua whakaurunga kaha, me te pono.

thixotropy

A, no te whakatau hangarau taiepa slurry taea whai wāhi te whakamahi o te tukanga mākū, i roto i te mea nui rite thixotropy taua ariā. Ko tūturu i roto i te paru, i te kaha ki te whakahoki mai i tona āhua taketake, kahore tetahi ahotea aunoa tenei taonga. Ki te te tika whiriwhiria tenei whakatārewatanga ka riro he kaha i roto i te wāhanga hanga me te thinning o te pānga vibrational. hanga tenei reira taea ki te inihua te taiepa o te deformation o te waikeri. Ko te teitei kounga taea tūturu thixotropic uku bentonite.

Ki te whakaaro tatou ki nga āhuatanga atu o enei rongoā, ko reira utu tokanga ki to ratou kounga te wai-atiati. I muri pakeke te slurry i runga i te mata o te taiepa, ka kia pāngia e te pēhanga hydrostatic, e whakatairanga te hanganga o te kiriata parewai. Ka taea e tōna matotoru rerekē i 1.5 ki te 5 mm, e te mea ranea ki te te tiaki i ngā hanganga i te wai. taiepa claying whakaora dewatering puranga whārangi taraiwa. Tenei Ko tetahi o nga painga maha o te hangarau whakaahuatia.

taputapu whakamahia

A, no te hanga koe i te taiepa i roto i te whenua, te hangarau tā te whakamahi o te taputapu e tika ana. āhei te reira ki a koe keri he awa ki. Ki te mahi i tenei, te pūrere tonu tino auau whakamahia. E taea e ki te whakaatu me te huarahi huri taiāwhio hua ōrite. Hoki te hanganga o nga ngā rua e whakamahia nuitia Earthmoving mīhini, ara, koko pungarehu, parau, mira whakato, dragline, repo he kōhao me te kōhao percussion hurihuri, grapples, me te backhoes. e kia ranea ki te whakaputa i te taiepa i roto i te whenua, e taea te hohonu e 100 mita taputapu kua whakarārangitia. te kupu e taea Ngā kia tino rerekē. Tikanga "taiepa slurry" Ko tā te nuinga pinepine e kia rite ki waenganui i te 1 me te 1.5 mita te whanui o te waikeri. I roto i ētahi wā, tauira, i roto i nei te whanui, ko te 2 mita.

Kēhi o tikanga tika

Kore, kua te hangarau whakaahuatia maha painga, engari ko reira taea ki te tohatoha i te āhuatanga i reira te whakamahi o te tikanga, ko te koretake. e kore te Construction o te "taiepa slurry" hanga i roto i te aroaro o kaha oneone ngā raro, ki te oneone wewete, a ka te hawhe-kua ururuatia aua marae i runga i te pae. Kaua e whakamahi i te hangarau, ka i reira he motu konganuku, me te whatiwhatinga nui o raima. A, no te he feāvaaki me kōwhao te oneone, rawa, e kore e timata te mahi i runga i te hangarau whakaahuatia.

pihi grout

Whawhe ki te waihanga pihi rānei i taea te whakaaro rite ohie rite taea. E kawea ratou i roto i te whakamahi i te paru taimaha, me te pakeke, me te rite i roto i-situ raima. Wāhui o pihi ko ki te tiaki i te arotahi i te wai. Nuinga o ngā wā, kei te whakamahia ēnei āhuatanga i roto i pāpuni taputapu me te arearenga. I roto i te take whakamutunga, he tika te arai ki te whakakore i te tomo ki o te wai ki roto ki te kōhao. E kore e nga kaimahi kanohi te wero o tukupu te taumata o te wai raro, i te mea he tukanga kaua wa-e kai ana. Ki te te pihi rite ki wae taahiraa-iho, e poto te whakamutunga i te mea kei tīmata mahi. Hanganga i te aroaro o pihi rangi e kore e wehi o nga rerenga kaha tino o manawa whenua.

tawhā zahvatki

I mua ka te turanga e hanga "taiepa i roto i te whenua", whai koe ki te tātai i te roa o te zahvatki. Ka etahi āhuatanga, i roto ia ratou e awe e tenei tawhā:

• te pūmautanga o te waikeri;
• āhuatanga hoahoa me te taumahinga o te whakaurunga;
• momo o te hangarau, te whakamahia nei mo te whanaketanga o te waikeri;
• te auau tata o concreting.

Hangarau o te mahi

Construction o te taiepa i roto i te oneone haamata ki te kōhao o te puna, i muri i te rua rite e wā tonu ki te otinga. Ka waiho i te taahiraa i muri mai i te tāutanga o taki ngā me te betonolitnoy okana. I whakaaro hoki whawhe ngā displacement o paru i tuku i te ranunga raima i roto i te putorino poutū displaceable. kia whakawhanakehia ai ngā rua ki tona roa tonu wāhanga ranei e wāhanga. taki ngā Ko i te ngakau o rakau maitai kowakawaka. kia te pūnaha hua iti iho i te 12 henimita, whakaritea ki te whanui o te waikeri. E nana nga huānga ki te wai i mua i te tāutanga no te mea te whakaiti reira te nui o te paru piri ki a faarahi te adhesion ki raima.

concreting

Ko te hanga o te taiepa i roto i te whenua tā concreting, kawea nei e te ngongo turanga. Ko te whakamutunga he diameter mai i 270 ki te 300 mitamano, te mea te matotoru pakitara ko te 10 mitamano. kia hanga hoatu whiriwhiri te rōrahi o te putorino te kaki, me wads o taratara.

limiters zahvatki

Ko te pūrere kia whai wāhi te faahohonuraa e o te waikeri taiepa HWM ko 15 mita iti ranei. Ko te kupu te mea e tika ana ki te whakamahi i te putorino ki te diameter o 50 mitamano iti iho i te whanui o te waikeri. I muri me nekehia 5 haora i muri i concreting huānga me ki tonu te kōhao ki te ranunga whiwhi. Ki te runga ka mea te hohonu o te awa tawhā, i reira te mea he hiahia mo te tūnga. whakamana tona mahi e te whārangi whakarewa, whakakaha nei i te whare herehere whakaū. Ka taea te whakarei i te tukutuku, kua paiherea reira ki te kurupae.

ake i roto i te hua

A, no te whakamahia te tikanga o "taiepa slurry" kei roto i te tukanga o te hanga i te ahanoa tika nui, a ka zahvatki te roa atu i te 3 mita, kia ai taua mea e tika ana ki te whangai i te ranunga raima o pukapuka nui. I roto i tenei take, e rere nei i roto i putorino, me hoki atu otinga tāutanga piki te ukanga plasticizers tere, me te ohie. Kei te ringihia te hanganga kia e īnaki tona mata te hanganga katoa 10 henimita. hiahiatia ana tēnei i roto i te tikanga ki te e taea ki te tango i muri te kahu poke o raima, no te mea ka whai reira he maha nui o paru. Ka Me ki kia hua ki te awhina o taputapu motuhake, whakatōpū nei i betonolitnoy putorino te hiri. Ki te he te reira roa atu i te 20 mita, e tūtohu ana ki te whakamahi i rua o te vibrator.

Ko te hunga korere kia e ka kei i runga i te rohe zahvatok tangohia tonu. He mea nui ki te whakatau i te wa o te tangohanga. Ki te meatia tenei te wawe rawa, kia pakaru te taha anga. I putorino tangohanga mutunga rawa kia riro raru i waenganui i raima, me te oneone. I roto i te tikanga ki te tutakina taua tukanga Kei te maha whakamahia hei utu o te whārangi putorino whakarewa, mā te mea e taea ki te hanga i te ou'a kore-tango roa. Me ratou ki kia paiherea ki te whare herehere ngā. Kia kore ai deformation o te mangai o te waikeri me whakaheke me te pīkau i take mua, i te mea he rua headroom.

Mō pēhanga oneone

Ki te hiahia koe ki te mohio he aha te pēhanga te whenua i runga i te taiepa i te hohonu z, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei: PR = PS + PQ, te wahi PS - ko te kaha o te pēhanga lateral i runga i te hohonu whakaritea o tona taimaha o te oneone, tango ki pūkete te apa moenga, te mahi o te wai, me te whai hua mamau; PQ - Ko te kaha o te pēhanga lateral i hohonu mea o pikaunga i runga i te mata. Ki te ko te kaupapa i runga i te take mua rawa i hanga akiritia runga ake te mata o te whenua, tangohia te uara e ki te tohu tango.