Te Oraraa e mahi e Glinka (poto). mahi a Glinka

Creativity M. I. Glinki tohua te wā hītori hou o te whanaketanga o te tikanga waiata - he aronui. whakahaere ia ki te whakakotahi i nga ngā Pākehā pai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho motu. kia hoatu whakarongo te auahatanga katoa Glinka. Whakarāpopoto e whai ake momo katoa i roto i i mahi ai ia fruitfully. Tuatahi, ko reira tona opera. Kua riro ratou faufaa nui rite pono waihanga i te mau ohipa itoito o te tau kua hipa. E ki tonu o te hiahia taikaha tino me te ataahua ana waiata. mahi Tira pūoru āhuatanga e momona mīharo. Ko te waiata iwi whakatuwheratia Glinka te tumu pau ore o te whiti, me te hanga i te toi motu pono manapori.

Creativity me te haurongo o Glinka. Childhood me te taiohitanga

Fanauhia Mei 20, 1804. pau ia tona tamarikitanga i roto i te kainga Novospassky. ongo Bright ka mahara mo te ora i tales patupaiarehe me waiata o te tapuhi Avdotya Ivanovna. ngā wā katoa i te tangi o ona pere, e hohoro ia timata ki te pee i runga i nga peihana parahi. Ia hohoro timata ki te pānui i a ko mahira i te natura. Pai pā te pānui o te putanga tawhito o "I haerenga i roto i te whānui." whakaohokia te reira i nui te pānga i roto i te haere, geography, tuhi me te waiata. I mua i tomo i te poari pai ai ia mau haapiiraa i piana, me te hohoro i muri i roto i tenei mea uaua.

I roto i te hotoke 1817 i tonoa e ia ki te kura i roto i St. Petersburg, i reira pau e wha nga tau i ia. ako ia i te Bema me a Field. Life me Works e Glinka i te wā i 1823 ki te 1830 i te tino pukumahi. Mai i 1824 tae mai te Caucasus, te wahi mahi ia tae noa ki 1828 tauturu papa'i parau o Communications. Mai i 1819 ki te 1828 e ia wā toro taketake Novospasskoye. I muri whiwhi ki te mohio hoa hou i roto i St Petersburg (Yushkov me D. Demidov). I roto i tenei wā, hangaia e ia ana waiata tuatahi. Ko ratou:

• Elegy "E kore e whakamatautau na i ahau," i roto i te kupu Baratynsky.
• "Singer Poor" i roto i te kupu o Zhukovsky.
• "Aroha ana ahau ki a koutou, puritia koe e mea ki ahau", me te "Kihia ahau nui," nga kupu a Korsak.

Tuhituhi mongamonga piano, hanga ana e ia te nganatanga tuatahi ki te tuhituhi i te opera "He ora mo te Tsar".

haerenga Tuatahi noa atu

I te 1830 ka haere ia ki Itari, i runga i tona ara ki Germany. Ko tona haerenga tuatahi ki waho. haere konei ia, ki te whakapai ake i to ratou hauora, me te oaoa i te whenua unexplored a tawhio noa āhua. hoatu te wheako hua ia te rauemi mō scenes-rāwhiti o te opera "Ruslan me Lyudmila". I roto i te Itari i reira i mua 1833, i te nuinga i roto i Milan.

puta pai te Life me Works e Glinka i tenei whenua, ngāwari me fakanatula. Tenei ko tona mohio ki te kaipeita K. Bryullov, Moscow Ahorangi S. Shevyryaevym. Kaitito - ki Donizetti, Mendelssohn, Berlioz me etahi atu. Milan i Rikkordi whakaputaina e ia etahi o ana mahi.

I roto i te 1831-1832 tito ia e rua serenades, maha o waiata, cavatina Italian, sextet i roto i te matua E Flat Meiha. I roto i te porowhita kahurangi i mohiotia e ia kia rite ki Maestro Russo.

I roto i te Hōngongoi 1833 ka haere ia ki Vienna, a ka noho e pā ana ki te ono marama i roto i Berlin. Here taonga ia ratou matauranga hangarau ki te contrapuntist rongonui Z. Dehn. I muri mai, i raro i tona kaiārahi, tuhituhi ia, "Russian Symphony". I tenei wa, whakawhanake kaitito taranata. riro Glinka auahatanga atu noa i te mana o tetahi atu, te reira ki taua whakarato atu matau. I roto i tona "Memoirs" fa'i ia, e tenei wa katoa i titiro ia tona ara, me te kāhua. Hiahia hoki te kāinga, whakaaro e pā ana ki te mea ki te tuhituhi i roto i Russian.

ho'iraa

I roto i te puna o 1834 tae Michael i roto i Novospasskoye. whakaaro ia ki te haere ki waho ano, engari whakatau ki te noho i roto i to ratou whenua Māori. I roto i te tono tangata ki Moscow te raumati o 1834. tutaki konei ia ki a Melgunov me Kia whakahokia mohio tawhito ki porowhita waiata, me te tuhituhi. I roto ia ratou Aksakov Verstovsky, Pogodin, Shevyrev. faaoti Glinka ki te hanga i te Russian puoru motu. ka mau ia ake te opera whaiāipo "Marina Grove" (Zhukovsky i runga i te wahi). e kore mahere o kaitito i whakatinana, e kore te whakahuahua i tae tatou.

I roto i te hinga o 1834 tae ia i roto i St. Petersburg, i reira tae ia nga karapu tuhituhi, me te amateurish. kotahi ue'i Zhukovsky ia ki te tango i te kōrero "Ivan Susanin". I roto i tenei wa, tito taua waiata, "Kaua e karanga reira te rangi," "Kaua e mea, ka haere te aroha," "e ahau anake mohio koe," "au i konei ahau Inesilla". I roto i tona ora whaiaro tupu ia he hui nui - te marena. I te wa ano ka hiahia i roto i te tuhituhi o te opera Russian ia. awe wheako Whaiaro te mahi o Glinka, i ngā te waiata o tona faiva. I te tīmatanga, te tikanga te kaitito i ki te tuhituhi i te cantata titoa o toru peita. Tuatahi kia huaina ki te scene tuawhenua, te tuarua - te Polish tuatoru - rahi tërä. Otiia i raro i te mana o Zhukovsky whakaturia ake e ia he opera whakaari arā, o rima mahi.

ka mau te tuatahitia o "Life mo te Tsar" wahi Whiringa 27, mauruuru 1836 W. Odoyevski reira. Emperor Nicholas hoatu e ahau mo reira Glinka mowhiti mo 4000 moni. Tau ava'ei muri iho whakaritea ia ia kia rite ki bandmaster. I roto i te 1839, mo te maha o ngā take rihaina Glinka. I roto i tenei wā, tonu te mahi hua. tuhituhi Glinka Mihail Ivanovich te hanganga e whai ake nei: "parade Night", "Te Tai Tokerau Star", tetahi atu scene i "Ivan Susanin". Kei te mau te reira i rite te opera hou e hāngai ana i runga i te kōrero o "Ruslan me Ludmila" i runga i te tohutohu o Shakhovsky. I roto i te Whiringa 1839 whakarere i tana wahine. I roto i te ora o te "teina" (1839-1841) i hanga he maha o waiata. Opera "Ruslan me Lyudmila" ko he hui roa-tatari, hokona tīkiti i roto i roto i te mua. ka mau te tuatahitia ai te wahi i runga i 27.11.1842 tau. Ko nga auheke te angitu. I muri i 53 ngā opera mutu hoatu. faaoti te kaitito e hoohonutanga tona hanga te, a tae mai te reira tau'a. a Glinka auaha iri mo te tau.

Haere ki nga whenua tawhiti

I roto i te raumati o 1843 haere ia i roto i Germany ki Paris, i reira noho ai ia tae noa ki te puna o 1844.

Te whakahou i mohio tawhito, hoa ki Berlioz. Na'e maongo Glinka e ana mahi. Kei te ako ia mahi tona hōtaka. I roto i Paris, pupuritia reira hoa whanaunga ki Merimee, Hertz, Châteauneuf me maha atu toi me kaituhi. Na ka tae mai ia Spain, i reira hoki e rua nga tau. Ko ia i roto i Andalusia, Granada, Valladolid, Madrid, Pamplona, Segovia. tuhi ia "Aragon Hoth." Here e ia he whati i te raruraru rû o St Petersburg. Ka mau i te haere huri noa Spain, kohia Mikhail Ivanovich waiata iwi me kanikani, tuhituhi ratou ki raro, i roto i te pukapuka. i hanga etahi o ratou i te pūtake o te hua "Po i Madrid". Mai i te pukapuka riro kitea Glinka e i roto i Spain te takoto ia te ngakau, me te wairua, te wahi ora ia rawa te pai.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

I roto i te Hōngongoi 1847, ka hoki ia ki tona whenua. ora e ia he tetahi wa Novospasskoe. auaha Mihaila Glinki i roto i tenei wā ki kaha whakahoutia. tuhituhi e ia te maha o mongamonga piana, waiata "koe hohoro ka wareware ahau," me etahi atu. I roto i te puna o 1848 ka tono tangata ki a Warsaw me ora i konei tae noa ki te ngahuru. tuhi ia mo te puoru, "Kamarinskaya", "Po i Madrid" romances. I roto i te Noema 1848 tae ia i roto i St Petersburg te wahi mate hotoke katoa.

I roto i te puna o 1849 haere ano ki Warsaw, a noho ana i reira a taea noatia te hinga o 1851. I roto i te Hōngongoi i kino tenei tau, riro te rongo pouri o te mate o tona whaea. I roto i te Mahuru, ka hoki ki St Petersburg, ora ia ki tona tuahine L. Shestakova. tuhi ia tino onge. I roto i te Mei o 1852 haere ia ki Paris ka ko konei tae noa ki Haratua 1854. Mai 1854-1856 ora i roto i te St Petersburg me tona tuahine. He aroha o te kaiwaiata Russian D. Leonova ia. Hoki ona kōnohete hanga whakaritenga. April 27, 1856 ka haere ia ki Berlin, te wahi noho ia i muri ki a Rana. Katoa ra ia e haere mai ki te toro ia ia, a arahina akomanga mo te kāhua ohie. Creativity M. I. Glinki taea tonu. Otiia i roto i te ahiahi January 9, 1857, mau ia he matao. mate Pepuere 3 Mikhail.

He aha te mea auaha Glinka?

hanga M. I. Glinka te kāhua Russian i roto i te waiata. Ko ia te kaitito tuatahi i roto i Russian, nei piri ki te waiata Warehouse (iwi Russian) taputapu waiata (pā tenei ki himene, au maite, manawataki me te counterpoint). Glinka kaitito Kei roto Creation kanapa tauira nui taua mahere. Ko tona whakaari motu waiata "Life mo te Tsar", he opera hautoa "Ruslan me Lyudmila" tenei. Ka rite ki te tauira o te kāhua Tira pūoru Russian taea te huaina "Kamarinskaya", "Prince Kholmsk", tamataraa no me interludes ki ana faiva e rua. Ana waiata he tauira tino toi o te faaiteraa lyrical me whakaari o te waiata. Kei te tika Glinka whakaaro he rangatira matarohia o te faufaa ao.

mahi Tira pūoru

Hoki puoru i te kaitito hanga he maha iti o ngā hua. Otiia ko na nui ratou tūranga e whakaaro ratou te turanga o te taratimere puāwaitanga Russian i roto i te hītori o te waiata. Tata no katoa ki te momo o te wawata kotahi-wahi ranei tamataraa no. "Aragon Jota", "Waltz Fantasy", "Kamarinskaya," "Prince o Chelm" me "Po i Madrid" Kei roto mahi Tira pūoru e Glinka. Kaitito parau tumu whanaketanga hou whakatakotoria.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o tona overture Tira pūoru:

• Te wātea.
• Ko te parau tumu o te pūmanawa whānui.
• āhua ahurei.
• Fuonounou, te papû o puka.
• Tei runga i te haputanga whānui toi.

āhuatanga pai mahi Tira pūoru o Glinka P. Tchaikovsky, whakatairite "Kamarinskaya" ki oki, me te kano oka. haapapu ia e i roto i tenei mahi i te kura Tira pūoru Russian katoa.

kainga tupu kaitito Opera

"Ivan Susanin" ( "Life mo te Tsar") me "Ruslan ko Ludmilla" e Glinka ake oeuvre hei mahi. Ko te opera tuatahi - he whakaari waiata motu. Kei te tu'ati te reira i te maha o ngā momo. Tuatahi, tenei opera epic hautoa (ngā hītori roto i 1612 kei i te ngakau o te wahi). Tuarua, kei roto i te reira āhuatanga o te opera hautoa, mau ha'uti taata lyrical me te hinengaro, me te iwi waiata. Ki te "Ivan Susanin" tonu ngā Pākehā, te "Ruslan me Lyudmila" Ko reira he momo hou o te whakaari - hautoa.

I tuhituhi i roto i 1842. E kore taea te whakarongo mauruuru i te reira, e kore i reira mārama ki te nuinga. Stasov ko tetahi o nga fakaangá torutoru nei tuhia tona faufaa mo te katoa o te ahurea waiata Russian. Ua haapapû ia e kore te mea te reira noa te opera kino, he momo hou o te whakaari, tino mohiotia. Āhuatanga o te opera "Ruslan me Lyudmila":

• whanaketanga mārie.
• Ko te kore o te pakanga tika.
• hehema Romantic - me peita ātaahua.

Songs me Romances

Glinka mahi waiata i hanga e te kaitito puta noa te ora. tuhituhi ia neke atu i te 70 waiata. whakatinana i ratou i te whānuitanga o ngā mana'o .. Love, pouri, hihiko wairua, oaoa, te oto, me ētahi atu e whakaaturia ana etahi o ratou i te pikitia o te ora, me te āhua. Glinka raro ki nga mea katoa o te romance rā. Tenei waiata, "Russian Song" Serenade, Elegy. E hipokina ana te reira i whare, me te taua kanikani rite te waltz, polka me te mazurka. E pā ana kaitito ki te momo, āhuatanga nei i te te waiata o ētahi atu iwi. Ko te Italian me te bolero Spanish Barcarolle. Puka romances rawa kanorau: e toru-wahi, he irava ohie, Rondo matatini. Glinka mahi waiata ngā tuhinga e rua tekau kaitito. whakahaere ia ki te kawe i roto i ngā āhuatanga puoro o te reo whiti o ia kaituhi. Ko te tikanga matua o te faaiteraa o waiata maha ko te rangi reka o te manawa whānui. tūranga nui takaro e te wahi piano. Tata e haere mai waiata katoa, kua whakaurua ki roto ki te taiao o te mahi, me te whakaturia te huru. Tino mōhio o taua romances e Glinka, pēnei i:

• "Hinaaro Ko te ahi i roto i te toto."
• "Skylark".
• "Ko te waiata haere."
• "Te feaa."
• "Mahara ahau he momeniti faahiahia."
• "E kore e whakamatautau nei i ahau."
• "Ka wareware koe ki ahau hohoro."
• "Kaua e mea e mamae te ngakau."
• "E kore e waiata, e toku ataahua, ki ahau."
• "Whakaaetanga".
• "Parade Night".
• "Mahara".
• "Ki a ia."
• "Au ahau konei Inesilla".
• "Aue, kei a koutou te po ki reira, te Po".
• "I roto i te hoê taime o te ora uaua."

Chamber auahatanga mauhaa Glinka (poto)

He tauira pirimia o te ensemble mauhaa ko te mahi nui mō te piana me te aho quintet Glinka. Ko te divertissement whakamiharo i runga i opera o te Bellini rongonui "La Sonnambula" tenei. E whakaurua ngā mahere hou, me ngā whāinga i roto i rōpū ruma e rua: "Sextet Grand" me "Trio Pathetique". A ahakoa i roto i enei mahi i te tikanga o te ti'aturiraa i runga i te whakarerenga iho Italian, he tino motuhake me te taketake ratou. I roto i te "Sextet" i reira ko te waiata thematism manawa taonga, puka pīrahi. Tenei ensemble momo konohete. I roto i tenei mahi, tamata Glinka ki te kawe i te ataahua o te whenua Italian. "Trio" - te ritenga tangohia o te ensemble tuatahi. He pouri me te manukanuka tona huru.

Chamber waiata o Glinka nui taonga te wāwāhi o te raveraa i violinists, piana, Viola, pūtahoro. rōpū Chamber kukume e faaroo hohonu faahiahia o whakaaro waiata, te momo o te manawataki-tātai, naturalness manawa paohotia.

mutunga

auahatanga Musical Glinka fakatahai te ngā Pākehā pai ki ngā kōrero tuku iho motu. Ko te ingoa o te kaitito e pā ana ki te wā hou i roto i te aamu o te whanaketanga o te toi puoro, e kiia nei ko "matarohia". hipokina auaha o Glinka ngā momo e kua riro to ratou wahi i roto i te hītori o te waiata Russian me tika te aro o te ākonga, me te kairangahau. Ia o ana opera oroko he momo hou o te whakaari. "Ivan Susanin" - he whakaari puoro motu e fakatahai ngā āhuatanga. "Ruslan ko Lyudmila" - he opera epic patupaiarehe-korero, kahore pakanga mārama-tapahia. whakawhanake te reira i āta, me te ata. Ko te marama tūturu me pikitia. Kua riro ana opera faufaa nui rite pono waihanga i te mau ohipa itoito o te tau kua hipa. mahi Tira pūoru tuhituhia moka. Heoi, i taea e kore anake ki te pai te hunga mātakitaki, engari riro ano hoki te rawa tūturu me te turanga o te taratimere Russian, rite he reira tūturu i roto i te momona mīharo ratou.

mahi waiata o te kaitito e pā ana ki 70 mahi. He ofeina katoa me monamona ratou. whakatinana i ratou i te momo o kare, mau mana'o, me te rirotanga. E ki ana ratou i ki te ataahua motuhake. E pā ana Kaitito ki momo rerekē me ngā puka. Ko nga mahi ruma-mauhaa, he kau hoki ratou. Heoi, he kahore iti nui ratou tūranga. E piri ratou i te wāwāhi mahinga tauira tika hou.