Technopark - he kaupapa ... Ko te hītori o te technopark

timata te hītori o pāka ahumahi i roto i te rima tekau o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko reira i tenei wa, Stanford University, kei roto i te āhua o California (USA), i whakaritea e te reira ki te tuku vata me te whenua kāore ki haea. mutu te kirimana kei te ki te whakahaere rerekē. Ko ratou e rua ngā kamupene nui, me ngā umanga iti mahi i roto i te mahi nui-tech.

Katoa o enei whakahaere i te wa mo kirimana kāwanatanga. production iti whakawhanakehia e te whakapā tika ki te whare wānanga. Kua 'aonga tenei, me tetahi ranei te tahi atu taha. Ka rite ki te hua, i hanga reira he hapori e ahua muri ka mohiotia rite Silicon Valley.

whakatinanatanga atu o te kaupapa

I roto i te tikanga ki te tino hanga ake te rohe wātea, me te patuiro te hanganga e tika ana, ka mau te reira tata e toru tekau nga tau. Ko te whakatūnga tuatahi o Technopark. Silicon Valley hei kua mohiotia huri noa te ao e tika ana ki ona whakatutukitanga i roto i te ahumahi nui-tech. Rawa whakawhanakehia konei rite hangarau rorohiko me te mōhiohio.

umanga Small, tae atu i roto i tona tokotoko e rua ranei e toru kaimahi, tupu tere, hoko i te kamupene ki te kore tetahi mano kaimahi. I roto i te 1981, neke atu i te waru tekau kamupene mahi i roto i te rohe, te wahi i tenei park ahumahi. He taua roroa rite Polaroid me Hewlett-Packard, te kamupene Aerospace "Lockheed" me tahi atu feia faatere ahumahi tenei.

Ki te-doma 80 i roto i te US papa rēhia ahumahi anga ki te puta i roto i ngā tau nui. whai wāhi ratou ki te whanaketanga o te hunga rohe i hipokina nei e kore mahi, me te whakahekenga ohaoha. Na i tenei ra i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite e te maha rawa o ngā wāhi ahumahi, me te pūtaiao. I roto i te tau, pūkete ratou hoki kotahi tuatoru o te tau o te ao.

Ko te putanga o pāka hangarau i roto i Europe

marere whakaaro nui ki runga i te moana i roto i te 70 o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ko reira i roto i tenei wā ka te Kotimana University o Edinburgh ahu Research Centre. timata ngā rōpū rite ki te whakawhanake i roto i Cambridge i Trinity College, i roto i Belgium i Louvain-la-Neuve me pera i runga i. kaupapa D. Tehnoparkovyh i Europe i nui whakarei tika ki te raruraru i roto i te 80 tau. Ko reira te reira i, i roto i te tikanga ki te āwhina i ngā pokapū raruraru waro me te ahumahi pueru, Margaret Thatcher whakahau te hanga o te UK he whatunga o ngā rohe ahumahi i roto i te whare wānanga ngā. Kua utua tenei whakaaro atu. Na i tenei ra i roto i Ingarangi pai kaimahi e pā ana ki e rima tekau technoparks. He etahi i roto i ētahi atu whenua Pākehā. I roto i tona rohe o taua ngā pā ana ki 260.

papa rēhia hangarau Pākehā, tae atu ki ngā pokapū auaha rerekē e rua mano, whakamahia i roto i tona whanaketanga wheako tāwāhi. tukua tenei ki a ratou te haere i roto i te ara poto o hanganga. ka tino rongonui "Incubator Business" i roto i te wa poto. Ratou ratonga e whakamahia ana e kamupene iti me kamupene tūmataiti, me te te whakahaere o te ao tūmatanui. He aha te tūranga takaro e te papa ahumahi? Ko te hono i waenganui i ahumahi me te mara rangahau.

kaupapa Technopark i China

Kua wheako American i roto i te hanga ahurei rohe ahumahi kua riro i runga i China. I roto i tenei mara, kua tutuki te whenua ngā angitu auheke te aro o te hapori ao. hanga te whanaketanga whakatere o ahumahi nui-tech i China i taea e te whai wāhitanga mātātoa o te kāwanatanga.

Kua i roto i te tīmatanga o 1986 whakaaetia te kāwanatanga te hōtaka o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau. Reira, Kua tāutuhia aua rāngai matua, e kia ngā te papa ahumahi. Space Center, pūtaiao rorohiko, me te hikohiko, koiora me te engineering ira, kōrero muka whatu, me ngā hangarau pūngao-whakaora mo te kaupapa i ki kia whakanohoia i roto i tenei rohe. I tua atu, ka whakaritea ai e te wāhi ahumahi me te rangahau ka uru mai te hanga o te whakatūnga o te taputapu hauora.

Āwhina kāwanatanga

E rua tau i muri mai whakarewahia e ia he hōtaka i huaina "rama", i ko te taahiraa i muri i roto i te kaupapa, kia rite ki te mea i mahara ki te hanga i te papa ahumahi. Ko tetahi atu whakatau o te kāwanatanga, te whakaaro o i ko ki te whakamonitanga me ahumahi o te ahunga whakamua kua tutuki i roto i te hanga o hangarau pūtaiao-kaha. Ko te hōtaka "rama" i whai wāhi i roto i te kaha production, te utu o i nui $ 25 piriona.

I roto i te whakatinana i tenei kaupapa, taua rohe technopark, i roto i te tua ki te whanaketanga o hangarau hou, me te whakatairanga o ratou ake hua i hokohoko te kāinga me te kaweake, He wāhi nui i roto i kukume i hanga haumi ke, me ngā whanaketanga matatau.

park ahumahi tuatahi o China - ko te rohe whakamātautau Beijing, kei roto i te kawanatanga o Haydan. Mai i tona whakatuwheratanga, puritia i roto i te 1988, i hanga te whenua, kua 120 taua wae. I roto i tenei take, kei te mahi rima tekau ōrau o ratou i runga i te whakatinanatanga o whakahau kāwanatanga.

i te kāwanatanga Chinese kua he tokoni nui i roto i te hanga o papa hangarau. A faaite ia e kore anake i roto i te moni nui o haumi pūtea. I te taumata kāwanatanga Kua whakapumautia me ngā āhuatanga pakihi pai i roto i ēnei wāhanga. Tenei whakaiti ranei whakawāteatanga i utu o hua tāke whiwhinga i roto i te whakahaere o te whakapaipai hanga rite te pai kia rite ki te taea o te ohipa-free urunga o taputapu kawemai.

World Movement o technopark

I roto i te eighties o te rau tau whakamutunga kei te karawhiu i te whakaaro o te hanganga o ngā wāhi pūtaiao, me te ahumahi. whakapumautia pāka ahumahi i kore anake i roto i whenua ōhanga whakawhanakehia. ka anga ratou hanganga i roto i te Ahitereiria me Singapore, India, Malaysia, Brazil ko Canada, me te i roto i te maha atu āhua.

Tīmata o te hanganga o technoparks i Russia

Ko te hanganga o ngā rohe ahumahi, me te pūtaiao i roto i to tatou whenua rave i roto i te 80-90. Ko he wā uaua, ka i roto i te ara o te raruraru kua mutu te kāwanatanga ki te pūtea i te ahumahi, a tono pūtaiao. Kotahi taea ki te pupuri i ngā kaimahi whai tohu ko te whakaaro o te haamauraa i te rohe, e kia whakanohoia Technopark. Center RAS i Tomsk, kua meinga Russian Tāhuhu o Higher Education, te Komiti State runga Mātauranga, me te hinonga nui nga kaiwhakatū o te tuatahi o enei ngā. Tenei park ahumahi he taonga tūmatanui.

I muri tupu whakahou. ka Technopark JSC. I te wa ano kua maturuturu iho te wahi o te mana kāwanatanga ki te 3% i roto i te tahua mana.

Ko te wā pou-Soviet

technoparks Russian Young ite fifi nui. E pāngia ratou e te kore o te wheako o te whakahaere i roto i nga tikanga ōhanga taui. I roto i enei tau o ngā wāhi ahumahi, me te pūtaiao kihai matou i taea ki te hanga i te pakaruhanga i roto i te hanga o ngā hangarau hou. Ko he wa ka i roto i mua o tetahi mahi hinonga i ki ora timatanga. i whakaaro Technoparks i roto i taua huru rite pūtahi taea ki te farii i tautoko kāwanatanga.

i reira ko te hōtaka o te Tāhuhu o Economy "pāka Hangarau o Russia" i roto i te 1990. I hangaia te reira mo rima tau. Heoi, pūtea hoki tenei hōtaka e kore e whakaaetia ki te hoko taonga me te ki te whakarite i te hanganga e tika ana katoa. Te nui tohaina, kua whakawhanakehia etahi whare wānanga i te mahi arumoni, i ko matara i pūtaiao.

āhua atu mahi

whakapumautia "Technopark" Association i roto i aua tau. I mua ia mahi i ki ako me te urutaunga o wheako ao ki tikanga Russian. I tua atu, ko te Association ki te whakahaere i whakatö-o hanganga me te mahi o pāka hangarau, hei hono whai hua i roto i te tautoko me te whanaketanga o ngā pakihi iti auaha.

I roto i tenei mahi, te kāwanatanga Russian he kore rauemi anake, engari ano hoki āwhina ture. Heoi, ka ua te reira e kore e tetahi mau tumu tāke whakamahi i te papa hangarau. Production ko reira e tika ana ki te kawe i roto i raro i te taua tikanga e kua whakapumautia puta noa i te whenua. I riro te reira e i roto i taua wāhi te kore ngāwari tahuri ki moutere ā-wahi e whakaaturia rawa.

Na roto i te hōtaka te o waenganui-90 "Technopark" i roto i Russia kua tonu ki te riro whakauka. Kua tupu te maha o taua rohe. ka mau ratou hanganga wahi i runga i te pūtake o pokapū rangahau no ki te āhua. Heoi, i reira i etahi wehenga i roto i te whanaketanga i roto i enei rōpū. Ko te tino matatau, ko te papa rēhia pūtaiao i roto i Tomsk ko Moscow, St Petersburg ko Zelenograd, Chernogolovka ko Ufa.

Technopark i Saransk

I runga i wheako ao, ka taea e tatou te mea e te papa ahumahi - ko te rohe ōhanga motuhake ki te ahumahi hangarau tiketike tere tipu. Ko te aha e taua wae i raro i te mana motuhake o te kāwanatanga, te mahi o te whakawhanake kua whakaturia ratou e te Peresideni o te Russian Federation Vladimir Putin i roto i 2005 I muri rima tau oti i te whanaketanga o te hōtaka e hānga ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā wāhi ahumahi, me te pūtaiao o Russia i te parae o hangarau tiketike. Ki te rā, kua whakatuwheratia to matou whenua ma rua technoparks. Ko reira utu mea e i roto i Hakihea 2014 kua oti te whakatinanatanga o te hōtaka e hānga ana kua i roto i te ki tonu i. E tika ana e ka waiho i te mahi pūtea o pāka hangarau katoa i roto i 55%. I roto i tenei take, ka tukua e ratou i te iti rawa 12% o ngā hua kaweake.

tētahi atu kaupapa

Ko matatini Ko tētahi o nga taonga o te hōtaka e hānga ana "Technopark o Mordovia". tīmata Ko tōna hanganga i muri i te hainatanga o te tikanga e Putin, whakaputaina 12.09.2008, te rohe katoa o te hanganga, ko te pā ana ki 6,000 sq.m. I tona rohe he kamupene kei te whakawhanake pūmanawa, me te hunga whakahaere, mahi o nei e pā ana te ki te taiao kōrero me te hanga o pātengi i runga i te pūtake o ngā hangarau hou.

Na roto i te mutunga o 2014 i roto i te matatini "Technopark o Mordovia" i whakarewahia i roto i te wā tuarua. Ki te rā, te rohe katoa o te mahi rohe pai te rima tekau kotahi kamupene noho, whakarato 1634 mahi. Ko te moni katoa ā-tau o Technopark - 1 piriona moni ..

Technopark i Togliatti

Ko te rohe pūtaiao, me te ahumahi nui o Russia ko te raorao Zhiguli. Tenei park ahumahi, hanga tata te pa o Togliatti. Ko te rohe o te rohe o 65,000 sq. m te ahunga matua o te technopark "Zhiguli raorao." - torotoro waea me te hangarau mōhiohio, pūngao whakaora me te pai pūngao, waka, matū, me te whanaketanga i roto i te mara o te hōpara ātea.

I reira, i reira e 22 kamupene, te maha o nei i roto i te heke mai kia tupu ki rau.