Tikanga tōrangapū - te āhua o te māramatanga

He wahi pokapū i roto i te kāwai o te pūtaiao tōrangapū e te ariā o te tōrangapū tikanga. I mua i whakaaro te ihirangi o tenei kāwai, kia hanga e koe he rahui, i waho nei e whakamārama i te ngako o te tōrangapū tikanga he mele, me te pūtaiao he kiko.

Ko te meka e te pararopi hono te pūnaha tōrangapū ki te kāwai tino nui o te pūtaiao tōrangapū, rite te pūnaha tōrangapū. Hei wāhanga o te whakaaro ia rā i roto i te rīpoata, me te tahi atu kaiwhakaatu tupurangi-pūtaiao i hanga māramatanga stereotypical o te pūnaha tōrangapū rite te tahi mea e te mārama tata. Ko, ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te tahi mea pai i roto i te mo'oni tōrangapū, hei tauira, e pā ana ki te pūnaha tōrangapū, e kia hakari ki te kaipānui (faaroo) pai, kia rite ki te tikanga, i roto i te horopaki o te ariā o te whakamahi o te pūnaha tōrangapū.

Na te tahi atu huarahi ka whakaahua i te mau tōrangapū ki te huru kino tomu'a, whakamahia kāwai o tikanga tōrangapū. Ko te tino he tenei tirohanga, kahore ki te mahi ki te huarahi pūtaiao ki te tātari tōrangapū ia. Ko te meka e mahi pūtaiao tōrangapū hou ki te pūnaha tōrangapū i roto i ara e rua. I roto i tetahi o ratou, te pūnaha tōrangapū ko te whakatinanatanga tūturu-ora o te tikanga o te kaha i roto i tetahi āhua ranei tetahi, i runga i tetahi taumata ranei tetahi.

I roto i te runga i nga tohu tikanga e whakarōpūtia pūnaha tōrangapū, a ko tetahi o nga whakarōpūtanga tino noa kōwhiringa manapori pūnaha tōrangapū momo mana, me te totalitarian. I roto i tona oraraa, te pūnaha tōrangapū e taea e i roto i ngā āhua rerekē, e ko, ki te kia atu whiwhi manapori fakaaoao ranei nga āhuatanga o te momo totalitarian. Na, ko reira he āhua ngā o te pūnaha tōrangapū o te kāwanatanga ngā i te wā ngā hītori, me te faaite i te kāwai - tikanga tōrangapū. Heoi, e kore e reira mau tetahi whakatau tata kawenga, a ka hopu anake te āhua o te pūnaha tōrangapū o te hapori i homai i te wa ngā. Hei tauira, kua roa noho matou i raro i te pūnaha tōrangapū Soviet, i ko tata tonu puta noa i tona wa hītori. Heoi, i runga i nei i roto i te mana, a i hanga e te huru tōrangapū i roto i te hapori rānei, taratahi matou aratau "koero" (Nikita Khrushchev, a Stalin tikanga, te tikanga o te stagnation (Leonid Brezhnev), aratau whakarerekētanga (Mikhail Gorbachev).

I runga i tenei huarahi, mahi te tikanga rite te āhuatanga pärönaki i te pūnaha tōrangapū, me te te matau rite te huinga etahi o ngā tawhā motuhake o tōrangapū, wä, ngā hanganga ōhanga me te pāpori, te whakarite i te mahi o te kaha i roto i te hapori i homai i te wa i homai.

I roto i te hanganga o te matauranga tōrangapū hou, i hanga tino tika, me te, i roto i etahi mehua, he huinga ao o paearu, i runga i nei te whakarōpū o tikanga whakahaere tōrangapū. Heoi, he parau tumu matua i roto i te whakarōpū o te tikanga ngā ko ki te matau e whakaata reira nga āhuatanga o te pūnaha tōrangapū, na reira me ki e taea ai, a kia kia ngohengohe ki nga momo tohatoha tikanga taua e kua whakamahia i roto i te whakarōpū o ngā pūnaha tōrangapū.

Basic hou tikanga whakahaere tōrangapū Whakaröpütia i runga i te pūtake o taua paearu rite te mehua o te mana, ara o te mana kimi, te āhua o te ngā i waenganui i te kāwanatanga me te hapori, nga āhuatanga o nga rāhui e te tīariari i roto i te sotaiete, i te tūranga o te Māoritanga, te momo o te kaiārahi tōrangapū, te tūranga o ngā rōpū, te wahi o tinana pehanga i te pūnaha o te kaha, me te atu. Rite tonu ki enei paearu, te tino nuitia whakaaetia ki te wehe tikanga whakahaere tōrangapū ki manapori, fakatikitato, me te fakaaoao. kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e reira he tata kahore pūnaha tōrangapū e vai i roto i "puka parakore", arā, te whai i nga āhuatanga o te momo aratau kotahi. Ka rite ki te tikanga, i te huru integrative katoa o te ngā aratau mooni tōrangapū me ngā huanga o ngā momo rerekē.