Tohu i roto i iahiko. Here tohu kauwhata me te reta

Ki te mahi koe i te mahi hiko, kia tino hiahia ana koe ki te mohio i te tohu i roto i te ara iahiko. Ko te kaha ki te pānui i ngā hoahoa waea - he kounga nui o fitters, taputapu locksmiths, constructors mekameka. A, ki te kahore koe e whai whakangungu motuhake, tika ki te matau i te pikonga katoa pea ki te angitu. Engari me tatou mahara e rere nga tohu i roto i te hoahoa e e te whakawhanakehia hoki te kiritaki Russian i ngā paerewa tikanga tali ki waho - i roto i Europe, USA ko Japan.

Ko te hītori o ngā tohu i roto i te hoahoa

Ahakoa i roto i nga wa Soviet, ina kua whakawhanakehia te hiko tere, te hiahia mo te whakarōpū o ngā pūrere me ratou ti'araa. Ko reira ka me i reira ko he pūnaha ōrite mō te tuhinga hoahoa (ESKD) me paerewa motu (GOST). taea te pānui i te katoa te papa'iraa ki tetahi kaipūkaha te tohu i roto i te tānga o tona hoa.

Otiia i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i roto i katoa e hiahia ana te whaktauiratia ki te whakarongo ki te rota o kauhau, me te ako i te rota o te tuhinga. GOST - Ko te tuhinga nui, me te tino tūhura nga tohu whakairoiro katoa me o ratou taha paerewa, tuhipoka tata e taea. Na reira, me whai tonu koe i te "rau tinihanga" iti e ka āwhina i ki te takoto i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā wāhanga hiko.

Waea i roto i te tānga

Waea - he wā kano, e auraa reira e te kaiwhakahaere, i ātete rawa iti. Ki te to ratou awhina, whakawhitia te ngaohiko e i te puna o te hiko ki kiritaki. Ko te ariā noa, mai i reira he maha ngā momo o te waea.

Iwi e kore e matau nei i nga tauira, me ngā āhuatanga o te waea, kia whakatau ai i te kaiwhakahaere - ko te taura kiriweti hono ki nga whakakā me turanga. Otiia i roto i te meka i reira he maha ngā momo o conductors, a kua tohua ratou e tauira i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē.

Kaiārahi i runga kaupapa

Ahakoa nga tohu parahi i runga i nga papa iahiko textolite - tenei aratohu, ara koutou e taea te mea e tenei putanga o te waea hiko. denoted te reira i roto i ara iahiko i roto i te puka o te raina e hono tika whakawhānui i tetahi huānga ki tetahi. I roto i te ara ano e tohu te reira i roto i te hoahoa me te tiketike-ngaohiko aho waea hiko i roto i te mara i waenganui i nga pou kua oti te unu. A i roto i nga whaitua honotanga waea i waenganui i nga rama, whakakā me nga turanga e denoted e te kahiwi tika taua.

Ko taea te wehea ki toru subgroups ti'araa huānga conductive:

1. Waea.
2. Taura.
3. hononga hiko.

mahere waea - he whakamāramatanga hē rite te waea tikanga ki te kia hanga waea me taura. Otiia ki te tino whakawhānui i te rārangi o ngā tūemi rite tika ana i runga i te kaupapa taipitopito, huri i te reira i roto i taua hiahia koe ki te whakauru atu transformers, kupu taka haaati, wäriu whakaaro o nāianei, uhupoho, insulators.

Turanga i runga i ngā kaupapa

Turanga - Kei te hangaia he hononga mono-i roto i mo te hononga kore-mārō (reira ko te kōwhiringa ki te momotu ā te hononga) iahiko. Tohu i roto i te tānga e tino whakaritea e GOST. Ki reira whakaturia te ture ki te tirohia ki nga tuhi o ngā pūrere me ngā pūrere rama, me te ngā atu kiritaki hiko. Ka taea te wehea turanga o momo ki e toru ngā kāwai:

1. Hangaia mō te ekeeke mata.
2. Hangaia mō te ekeeke Nini.
3. Unit kei te putanga me te whakakā.

Ka taea te wehea atu i enei kāwai e toru ki te maha subgroups, i runga i nga kōwhiringa hononga, me te aroaro tiaki rānei:

1. turanga Takitahi-pou.
2. BAD.
3. Double-pou, me te whakapā tiaki.
4. Ko te-pou e toru.
5. E toru-pou, me te whakapā tiaki.

I tenei nui, ina koa i roto i kahore putanga, i reira e maha rerekē. wae katoa i te tohu o te tiaki, kia te kōwhiringa kia mahia i runga i te tikanga i roto i nei te tikanga e ki kia whakamahia: te taumata o te haumākū, te pāmahana, aroaro o pānga aunoa.

Ko te whakakā i runga i te mahere ara iahiko

He huri - he pūrere ki te mea he whati te ara iahiko hiko. kia kawea ai tenei i roto i roto i te aratau aunoa ā-ranei. Whakaritea manuhiri herenga kauwhata momotuhi, me te i putanga. Tei ti'araa i runga i te tikanga i roto i nei mahi huānga, he ariā reira hoahoa, te tohu o te tiaki. He maha ngā momo o whakaaro o whakakā:

1. Single-pou (tae atu e rua, me te, takitoru).
2. BAD.
3. Ko te-pou e toru.

Ko te hoahoa e tika ana ki te tohu i te tawhā o te pūrere te faatea ia. A kite Whakairoiro tohu he aha te momo o whakamahinga: he pana ohie, pātene ki raka, me kahore pūrere oro (te tauhohe i miro) ranei optical. Ki te kahore he he tu'unga e kē te marama i runga i ka ko reira pouri me te tutakina atu i roto i te ata, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi pūoko whatu me te ara iahiko mana iti.

Fuses (whakapiri fusible)

He maha ngā momo o ngā pūrere tiaki - fuses (tuku, me te whaiaro-whakaora), kupu taka iahiko, RCD. He plurality o momo o ahua, tono, tere whakahaere rerekē, tika, me te whakamahi o etahi tikanga āhuatanga e enei whakaaro. Tohu Fuse - he whakarara tapawhā ki te taha roa o te kaiwhakahaere haere i roto i te pokapū. Ko te tūemi māmā me na'ina'i e taea te tiaki i te ara iahiko hiko i taiawhio poto tenei. Me kï reira e e uaua enei wāhanga whakamahia i roto i te hoahoa schematic hiko. Ka taea te kitea tohu o te momo rerekē - ko reira whakaora-whaiaro wiki, i muri i te whakatuwheratanga i te ara iahiko ki te āhua tuatahi.

Taitara Whānui fuses - wiki. whakamahia te reira i roto i te maha nga whakaaro i, i roto i tufaki hiko. Ka taea e te kōhao tuku whakatau ia ratou. Ko reira e tonu whakaaro e kua whakamahia i roto i switchboards tiketike-ngaohiko. E te hanganga hanga ratou o terminals whakarewa me te mongamonga matua uku. Roto i reira ko te wāhanga kaiwhakahaere (tīpakohia tona wāhanga ripeka kei runga ranei kia haere i te nāianei mōrahi i roto i te ara iahiko rānei). ki tonu te tinana uku te ki onepu, ki te whakakore i te taea o te pātīmata.

tuatea iahiko

Tohu taua taputapu tei runga i te putanga, te tohu o te tiaki. Ka taea te whakamahi pūrere mati rite te whakakā ohie. I roto i te meka, mahi ia rite te wiki, engari te mea e ahei ki te whakawhiti ki tona āhua taketake - ki te whakaoti i te ara iahiko. Kei te hoahoa o te huānga e whai ake nei:

1. whare Kirihou.
2. Ko te hua mō te whakawhiti i runga i a atu.
3. Unuhia Bimetallic - kua hauā reira i roto i te whakawera.
4. Ko te rōpū whakapā - kua whakaurua te reira i roto i te ara iahiko hiko.
5. Ko te hūrere pewa - taea ki a koe te pehea o korakora me arcs i roto i momotunga.

Ko nga mea timatanga e hanga ake tetahi kaiwahi iahiko enei. Engari me mahara tatou e i muri i te mahi e kore e taea ki te hoki mai tonu ki te tūranga tīmata ia, e te reira te wa ki te whakamatao i Unuhia bimetallic. whanganga ora ratonga mīhini kei roto i te maha o ngā mahi, me te rerekē i roto i te whānuitanga o 30000-60000.

Tuhinga runga kaupapa

Uhupoho - he kaiwhakahaere hononga mīhini hiko nāianei pūrere ranei ki te whenua. Ko te kupu rite te whenua, me te wahi o te pūrere ara iahiko he pūmanawa tōraro. Nā ki kore e te rärangi o te uhupoho tinana aru e tetahi whakangaromanga pūrere ru hiko ranei, haere te tiaki katoa ki te whenua. Uhupoho Ko te momo e whai ake nei o manuhiri:

1. Ko te ariā whānui o te whenua.
2. Pure Earth (noiseless).
3. momo uhupoho paruru.
4. hononga whenua (whare) o te pūrere.

I runga anō i te aha whakamahia ahua o te whenua i roto i te ara iahiko, ka kia rerekē te tohu. He tūranga nui tō te i roto i te kaupapa faaineineraa tuhi huānga, he ti'aturi e rua i runga i te wahi mania motuhake reira, me te momo o te pūrere.

A, no te haere mai te reira ki te engineering automotive, i reira ka kia "papatipu" - he pēne noa hono ki te tinana. I roto i te take o te waea kāinga - peia ki e hono ki te turanga nga conductors whenua. E kore e te iahiko arorau kia raruraru "mamati" me te whenua tikanga - he mea e rua rerekē, me mahi ratou rerekē.

motors hiko

Ko te hoahoa o waka hiko, toa, whakaaro rawa maha taea kitea e koe motors hiko. A i roto i te ahumahi mō neke atu i te 95% o engines whakamahia katoa - he whare herehere kirera tukutahingakore. E tohua ratou e te porohita, i pai toru conductors (wāhanga). E whakamahia mihini peheé hiko i roto i te taha ki te actuators autō, me pātene ( "Tīmata", "Kati", "Reverse", ki te tika).

E whakamahia DC Motors i roto i tono automotive, te pūnaha mana. E ratou e rua kopiko - mahi me te pei. Engari o te aukume tūturu whakamutunga e whakamahia i runga i te tahi mau momo o motors. Ki te pōkai excitation hanga te papa autō. pana te reira i te rotor o te pūkaha, e kua oppositely whakahaua mara - hangaia e te reira i te marutanga.

Tae waea

I roto i te take o te puna hiko kotahi-wāhanga ki te kaiwhakahaere wā he mangu, hina, papura, māwhero, whero, karaka, Urikiko, tae ma. Nuinga o ngā wā e taea e kitea e koe Brown. Tenei tohu E whakaaetia whānuitia, ka whakamahia i roto i te tāutanga kaupapa faaineineraa. tohua te kore kaiwhakahaere:

1. Blue - te kūpapa (N).
2. Kōwhai ki karawarawa matomato - tiaki waea whenua (PE).
3. tapanga Kōwhai ki matomato, me te puru i nga taha - e ngā he conductors tiaki, me te kūpapa.

Me kï reira e me tono te tapanga puru i roto i tāutanga. Me hoki whai tohu i roto i te ara iahiko i te tohutoro ki te meka i reira ko te aroaro o tūtohu. Me tohua te faatere ki te taupū o PEN.

I runga i te whakaaro mahi e wehea conductors katoa e whai ake:

1. pango Waea - mō te whakawhiti iahiko mana.
2. Waea whero - mō pūhui o ngā mana, inenga, kē.
3. Conductors puru - Mana, te inenga me te tangata kē o te mahi DC.
4. tae Blue tohu hua pēne kūpapa.
5. Kōwhai, me te matomato - he waea mo uhupoho me te tiaki.

iku'anga ārepa i roto i kaupapa

Clips Ko te tohu i roto i te hoahoa waea e whai ake nei:

• U, V, W - waea wāhanga;
• N - kaiwhakahaere kūpapa;
• E - whenua;
• PE - waea ara iahiko paruru;
• TE - he awakeri mō pūhui ngangau-free;
• MM - he pēne hono ki te whare (taimaha);
• SS - pēne equipotential.

Ti'araa i roto i te hoahoa waea:

• L - reta ti'araa (katoa) o ia wāhanga;
• L1, L2, L3 - 1, ngā wāhanga 2 me te 3, aua;
• N - waea kūpapa.

I roto i te kaupapa DC:

• L + me te L- - amo pai, me te kino;
• M - pēne reo.

E pā ana tēnei ki te tino pinepine whakamahia i roto i ngā hoahoa me tānga. Ka taea te kitea ratou i roto i nga whakaahuatanga o ngā pūrere ohie. Ki te hiahia koe ki te pānui i rapua e whakaaro aronuinga matatini atu te matauranga. I muri i te katoa, i reira he tonu te āhuatanga kaha, hāngū, pūrere arorau, wāhanga Semiconductor, me te tini ke atu. A katoa kua tona ti'araa i roto i te hoahoa.

ASB awhiowhio te huānga

He maha nga whakaaro e tahuri nāianei hiko. inductors reira, transformers, awhi nei. iahiko Tohu hiko - te coils e rua (whakaaturia rite toru āhua-porowhita) me te matua (i roto i te puka o te rārangi tika te tikanga). Tohu rārangi tika te matua o te hiko maitai. Ko reira kia kia transformers hoahoa e kore e e whai he matua, i roto i tenei take, te ara iahiko i waenganui i te kahore coils. Ka taea te kitea huānga tohu pērā i roto i te ara iahiko o te tangohanga taputapu reo irirangi, hei tauira.

I roto i nga tau tata nei, whakamahia he tikanga e iti pinepine Transformer rino mo te hanga o transformers. Ko reira tino taimaha, uaua ki te tiki ki te matua o te pereti, i reira te mea he buzz ina whakakaewa. Ko reira nui atu whai hua atu i te whakamahi o te matua ferromagnetic. He totoka ratou, i te uruhanga taua i roto i ngā wāhi katoa. Ko to ratou i reira tetahi drawback - te matatini o te hanga, ka rite ki disassembly me reassembly he raruraru. Tohu matua hiko ki tata kahore rerekē i taua i roto i i whakamahia te parahi te.

mutunga

Ehara i te tohu katoa o kaupapa hiko, kua whakaritea ano te rahi o te wāhanga e GOST. Ahakoa pere ohie, ngā hononga e whakaritenga, tuhi i mahi ratou tino rite ki te tikanga. Me koe ki te whakarongo ki te āhuatanga kotahi - te rerekētanga i roto i te kaupapa i hanga e te paerewa kāinga me te kawemai. Ko te pūtahitanga o te whakahiko i runga i te ara iahiko ao whakaritea porowhita. Na ano i reira ko te mea pēnei i te huahua - te pikitia o te tahi mea i waho te haapa'oraa i ngā whakaritenga o te manuhiri ki te huānga. te tono etahi whakaritenga ki te huahua tino. Ka taea te mahi taua whakapakoko ki sioloto te hoahoa i mua nei, waea. I muri, kua hanga te reira i te tuhi i roto i nei iku'anga ara here taura me hononga hāngai ki paerewa.