Tukanga Information i roto i te natura ora. Ko te ariā o te tukanga ngā mōhiohio

tukanga Information kia mea i roto i te āhua nui atu noa atu i reira i mawhiti tuatahi. E pā ana ki a ratou e whakaheke rau i roto i te hinga, germination o puawai puna me ētahi atu āhuatanga mōhio. Ko te kaha ki te rokiroki, tuku me te riro ngā mōhiohio - tetahi o nga āhuatanga o te mea ora. Te kore e kore e taea e te mea pākia noa, urutaunga ki te taiao, mātauranga, me te pera i runga i. tīari hoki tukanga Information i roto i te natura pararopi, engari kua kitea e te maha ngā āhuatanga, me te mahi matua rite te mehua o te tikanga o te pūnaha.

mōhiohio ohinga

He aha te mea mōhiohio? I teie mahana, i reira e rave rahi whakamāramatanga o te wā. Katoa pūtaiao, e pā ana ki ngā mōhiohio (pēnei he kaupapa katoa o te matauranga), whakamahi tona matauranga. He uaua te whakaatu whakamāramatanga whānui. Karu, mārama katoa te mōhiohio etahi mōhiohio me te mōhiotanga e pā ana ki te ao. I roto i te pūtaiao pāngarau ki enei e tapiritia nga raraunga i whiwhi i te hīkaro, me te i muri i etahi mahi. I roto i te ahupūngao, te mōhiohio - ko te pūnaha o te mehua o te tikanga, ko reira te ritenga o te piraunga me te tūturu i roto i tetahi taonga rauemi. I roto i te kaupapa, kua tautuhi reira rite te puka kore-rauemi o te kaupapa.

āhuatanga

E ai ki te reo nuinga, te whakaiti mōhiohio papû ore na roto i te whakarato mōhiohio e pā ana ki te ao, me te whai wāhi ki te mau mai i te pūnaha i roto i tetahi o āhua maha. e mea ohie ki te matau, ki te tātari i te tukanga o te whakatau kaupapa. Ko te tangata maha e kore e taea te whiriwhiri i waenganui i te maha o ngā kōwhiringa o te whanonga kia tae mai ra ētahi atu pārongo e pā ana ki te āhuatanga. Ki ngā mōhiohio arahina ki te whakatau tika, kia whai i te reira i te huinga o ngā āhuatanga, pērā i tenei:

• mārama;
• whaipainga;
• e hua ana;
• objectivity;
• tika;
• hāngaitanga.

Ko te ariā o te tukanga ngā mōhiohio

te ngā mahi katoa e taea te whakamana ki te kōrero, ka karanga tukanga mōhiohio. Ko ētahi o ēnei whiwhi me te rapu, tuku me te tāruatanga, tono, me te te tātari, te tiaki me te whakapūranga.

E kitea tukanga Information i roto i te āhua i nga tahuri. Tetahi rauropi, rauropi pūtau multicellular ranei, kei te te whiwhi tonu ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te taiao e arahi ki huringa rerekē i roto i te whanonga taiao ā-ranei. Te kore te kohinga, te tukatuka me te rokiroki o ngā mōhiohio he pakeke ki te whakaaro i te mahi faufaa o tetahi taonga. Ko te tauira māmā - te whakaaro tangata. I tona matua, ko reira kore tetahi mea, engari i te tukanga o te tukatuka tonu o ngā mōhiohio i runga i te taiao, āhua o te tinana, me te mōhiohio rongoa i roto i te mahara, a kia ki runga ki.

pūnaha mōhiohio

Katoa tauira o ngā tukanga ngā mōhiohio i roto i te āhua puta i roto i te pūnaha ngā. Kei roto te reira i toru wāhanga:

• te tuku (pūtake);
• he kaiwhiwhi (kaiwhiwhi);
• hongere kōrero.

pea te tuku i tetahi kaiao te taiao ranei. Hei tauira, whatupango constriction roha ranei puta i raro i te mahi o te marama. Ko te pūtake o te kōrero i roto i te tukanga taua ko te wāhi huri noa i te tangata kararehe ranei. Kaiwhiwhi i roto i tenei take i te etine.

Communication hongere i huaina ko te taiao e whakarite te tuku o te mōhiohio. Tenei e taea te mahi rite te tangi poipoi ataata ranei me te nekehanga vibrational o te reo o te āhua rerekē.

tukanga mōhiohio taketake

Ko te huinga katoa o te mahi e taea te whakamana ki te kōrero ngā i roto i te maha o ngā kāwai:

• tuku;
• rokiroki;
• kohinga;
• tukatuka.

Rorohiko - he tauira nehenehe o te rere o ngā tukanga mōhiohio. e manako ana te reira i raraunga, me te tukatuka ratou, whakarato te mōhiohio e tika ana ranei whakakē te mahi o te pūnaha, titiro hoki meka e hāngai ana kia rite ki ngā paearu këtia, ko reira te puna o te mōhiohio i te kaiwhiwhi. Ko te rorohiko tauira ko te roro tangata. Ia ano tonu pāhekoheko ki te rere ngā mōhiohio, engari te tukanga i roto i ona rire, he maha nga wa ki runga ake i te whīwhiwhi o te hunga e e moku, ki te mīhini.

Ētahi onäianei whakawhiti mōhiohio

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia i runga ake, te tukanga ngā mōhiohio i roto i te āhua tango i te wahi i roto i te pūnaha arā, o te puna, teihana, me kaiwhiwhi. I roto i te tukanga o te whakawhitihia raraunga i te huinga o tohu awa mai ki te kaiwhiwhi. I roto i tenei take, ko te maha te tikanga tinana o te tohu e kore e ōrite ki te tikanga o te kupu. Hoki te tikanga tika o te mōhiohio e whakamahia ana te huinga whakaae o ngā ture me whakaaetanga. He tika ratou mo te māramatanga noa o te ihirangi karere i ngā wāhanga katoa o te mahi ki a ia. kia ngā taua ture deciphering waehere Morse me ētahi atu pūnaha rite, nga ture o te tai'oraa i tohu ara, ngā arapū, a na i runga i.

I runga i te tauira o tetahi reo he ngāwari ki te kite e te tikanga o te mōhiohio panuku kihai anake i runga i te āhuatanga o tohu, engari ano hoki i runga i to ratou wāhi. I roto i tenei tikanga kotahi me te wa taua kia paku whakarerekē ai ia karere tuku i runga i nga āhuatanga o te kaiwhiwhi rānei. Ki te tuku te mōhiohio e ki te tangata, whakaritea o ratou tikanga e āhuatanga rerekē, i tona wheako ki te āhua whaiaroaro. Ano, kia kia tuku te karere taua i roto i ara maha, mā te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā pūnaha ngā arapū reo takere kōrero ranei. Na, te arotahi ki te tahi mea ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te tapanga "tahuri!", Ko te te whakamahi o te tae whero tohu whakaoho maha ranei.

haruru

He ako o ngā tukanga ngā mōhiohio ngā te ako o taua ariā rite ngangau. Kei te whakapono te reira e ki te kore te karere e kawe ngā mōhiohio whai hua, te maua e haruru te reira. Na e taea te whakaritea e kore anake rawa maumau i te wāhi mahi o te tirohanga o ngā mōhiohio, engari ano hoki karere arā, o nga tohu e taea ki te whakamāori i te kaiwhiwhi, ko te. Ka taea te huaina Noise me kua ngaro nga raraunga hāngaitanga. Ko, tetahi mōhiohio i runga i te wā e tika ana ranei ki ngā tūkunga taea tahuri ki ngangau. Kahore iti pea ko te tukanga whakamuri. Hei tauira, i roto i te kuputuhi reo Icelandic ka maumau hoki te hunga e kore e waia ki taua mea te tangata, me te hanga tikanga i roto i te take o te translator te papakupu ranei.

Te tangata me te Society

e kore e faufaa rerekē i te hunga i roto i te tahi atu taumata o te whakahaere tukanga Information i roto i te hapori. kawea Storage, tuku me te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio i roto i te hapori i roto i te tikanga o pūtahi pāpori motuhake me ngā tikanga. Ko tētahi o nga mahi o te hapori - te tuku o te matauranga. Engari ko reira te whakawhiti o te mōhiohio i tetahi whakatupuranga ki tetahi. I roto i te tahi mau ara he rite ki te tukanga o te tārua i te rauemi tuku tenei.

tukanga Information i roto i te hapori whakarite i tona piringatahi. Kore ki te whakawhiti i te matauranga putu, tae atu i te tikanga me ture e arahi ki te wehenga o te hanganga kotahi ki takitahi mahi anake i runga i te pūtake o ngā whakapae biologically tūturu.

Rokiroki me te tukatuka

I roto i te hapori, kia rite i roto i te rauropi takitahi, he uaua ki te whakawhiti mōhiohio, kahore rokiroki i te reira. Pātengi raraunga, whare pukapuka, ngā pūranga me whare taonga i roto i te taonga o te mōhiohio. E mea pinepine, i mua i te tuku ia ratou ki te ākonga, whai wāhi ngā kaiako i roto i te tukatuka mōhiohio. whakarōpū ratou, raraunga tātari, tīpako meka motuhake rite ki te hōtaka whakangungu, me pera i runga i.

Kua ite History maha ngā huringa whakaari e pā ana ki te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio, me te arahina ki te haaputuputuraa piki haere o te matauranga. Taua takaí mōhiohio e taea te pēnei tenenga o tuhituhi, tā, rorohiko, te mana tuwhera. Ko te tenenga o rorohiko ko te hopearaa arorau o te haaputuputuraa o te matauranga. taea ki te riro me te tukatuka i nui o ngā mōhiohio, whakaora ia ratou me te Ngarokore tuku te rorohiko ko.

Ko te ari o te natura: tauira o ngā tukanga ngā mōhiohio

Te mōhiohio e haere mai ana i te taiao e taea ki te kite kore noa te iwi, he. Animals me tipu, ngā pūtau kotahi me microorganisms mau tohu, me te whakautu ki a ratou i roto i te tahi mau ara. Abscission o rau i roto i te ngahuru me te puna tupu o wana, te whakatamarikitanga o āraitia te etahi kuri ka tata te hoariri, te tohanga o nga matū e tika ana ki te cytoplasm o te Pūora ... enei ari katoa o te natura - tauira o huringa i roto i te pūnaha i muri i te taenga o te mōhiohio.

I roto i te take o ngā tipu riro te reira i te puna o te taiao mōhiohio. whakamana whakawhiti Raraunga te i waenganui i te pūtau kiko. Hoki āhuatanga kararehe o te utu o te mōhiohio, me i takitahi ki takitahi.

Ko tētahi o nga momeniti matua i roto i te mohoao - te whakawhiti o te mōhiohio ā-ira. I roto i tenei tukanga ko reira taea ki te poke i te pūtake (DNA ko RNA), tātai reta ki te huinga o ngā ture mo tona pānui (waehere ira: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine), he kōrero tukatuka taahiraa (te tuhi o te DNA), a na i runga i.

cybernetics

Kaupapa: "tukanga Information" - tetahi o te ārahi i roto i cybernetics. Ko reira te pūtaiao o te mana me te kōrero i roto i te hapori, i te kararehe, me te hangarau. whakaaro te kaiwhakarewa o cybernetics Norbert Viner. He ako o ngā mōhiohio tukanga i roto i te pūtaiao e tika ana ki te matau i te ngā āhuatanga o te mana o tetahi ki tetahi pūnaha ranei. I roto i te cybernetics kaiwhakahaere tuku me te ahanoa whakahaere. kōrero ratou i roto i te whakamua, me te whakataka hononga. Mai i te ahanoa mana (hei tauira, te tangata) Ka whiwhi tohu (mōhiohio) ki te (PC) te mana, kia rite ki te hua o nei te muri hua etahi mahi. Na ka whangai hoki ki te mana e tango mōhiohio i runga i te huringa.

tukanga Cybernetic e pā ana ki te mahi o tetahi rauropi ora. takoto te mau parau tumu whakahaere i te pūtake o te iwi whānui, me te pūnaha rorohiko. Mau whanau ariā cybernetics i roto i te rapu mo te huarahi noa ki te tātaritanga o te mahi o ngā kaiao ora, me ngā mihini, me te mōhiotanga o te ōrite o te whanonga o te hapori, me te hapori māori.

Ko te kupu, tukanga mōhiohio i roto i te āhua - tetahi o nga āhuatanga o nga rauropi o tetahi whīwhiwhi. E kīnaki ratou e te mau parau tumu o mua, ka whakataka hononga, me te whai wāhi ki te tiaki o te taiao ā-tamau me te whakautu wā ki huringa i roto i te ao e karapoti ana. tukanga Information i roto i te natura popohe (ki te haunga o mihini, tangata-hanga) rere kotahi-atamira. He mea nui e kore tohua i runga ake o ratou rerekētanga, - ngā mōhiohio tuku i te puna o ngaro te reira. E kore te kararehe me te mīhini taua āhuatanga i kitea. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, kei te rongoa tonu te kōrero tuku i roto i te pūtake.

Ko te ariā o te tukanga ngā mōhiohio e whakamahia ana e te Tikanga rerekē. Ka taea te huaina reira whitinga. He hāngai Information ariā tenei ra ki te whakamārama i te whānuitanga o ngā tukanga.