Mahi Kaupapa me Informatics. ariā Basic o pūtaiao rorohiko. Whāinga Informatics

i oti rawa ana tēnei tuhinga ki whakaaro o ngā take pērā i kaupapa me Informatics mahi. I mua i neke i runga i ki ratou rohe, tautuhi te wā, kia mārama tāutuhia te uara o nei.

puta te kupu "pūtaiao" tuatahi i roto i France i roto i te 60raa o te rau tau whakamutunga ki te kōrero ki te rohe, whai wāhi nei i roto i te tukatuka aunoa o ngā mōhiohio, me whakamahi tenei rorohiko hiko. Tenei wā i whai ahua e te hanumi, o etahi atu e rua - "Aunoa" me "mōhiohio". Te auraa ra, te tukatuka aunoa o ngā mōhiohio i te aunoatanga mōhiohio ranei. hāngai ana tēnei wā ki te wā "pūtaiao rorohiko" i roto i te whenua Ingarihi-korero, ko reira te pūtaiao o te hangarau rorohiko.

tūtohutia te kaipānui te ki mua i te whakaaro o taua take rite te kaupapa me ngā whāinga o te pūtaiao, te ako e pā ana ki te hītori o tona tupu.

Ko te hītori o te putanga o te Informatics

Ka taea e kitea e tatou nga takenga mai o te kōrero, ko te tonu i roto i te kohu o te wā. Ko te hiahia ki te whakapuaki i me te mahara arahina reira tenetere maha mua ki te putanga o te kupu, pūkete, tuhituhi. tamata matou matua ki te whakaaroa me ki te whakapai ake anō tikanga o ngā mōhiohio rokiroki, tukatuka, me te tohatoha. Kua kitea Various taunakitanga o ngā nganatanga ki te whakaora i te iwi o te tawhiti mua reira i ki tenei ra. Tenei tikanga pērā i papa paru tuhi me te birch kiri, toka toi, a ka te tuhinga.

I roto i te rau tau 16 i reira ko he press tā. whai wāhi ana tenenga ki te hua nui i roto i te āheinga ki te rokiroki me te tukatuka i te mōhiohio e tika ana. Ko te kōrero e whakaratohia ana i roto i te puka tāngia, ko te tikanga matua o te tiri, me te rokiroki, me te ake ki te rau tau waenganui-20, tonu ratou noho. Anake ki te putanga o te rorohiko faufaa hou, ara nui atu whai hua o tona rokiroki, kohinga, whakawhiti, tukatuka, kua whakatakoto me te kaupapa o ngā mahi rorohiko.

Ko te whakamāramatanga whānui o te rorohiko

Ka taea e koe te hoatu ki a ia he rota o whakamāramatanga. He tika ki tona ringa rehe e tūturu o ngā tikanga, ngā puka, ngā āhuatanga me ngā mahi tenei. Ko te whakamāramatanga e whai ake nei o "pūtaiao" o te ariā, ko tetahi o te noa tino.

Rorohiko Ko te wāhi o te mahi a te tangata e kua e pā ana ki ngā mōhiohio tukanga rerekē faafariuraa, whakatinana e te tikanga o rorohiko, me te ratou taunekeneke ki te taiao tono hāngai.

Cybernetics me Informatics

E mea pinepine i reira he whakama o e rua ngā ariā: "cybernetics" me "Informatics". Kia tautuhi a te mea o ratou ritenga me pehea rerekē ratou i ia atu.

Cybernetics - te pūtaiao o etahi o nga mau parau tumu whānui o te whakahaere, mahi i roto i ngā pūnaha: pāpori, koiora, hangarau, me ētahi atu Subject me Informatics mahi he ahua rerekē .. tirohia te reira i te tukanga whānui o te hanga, me te panoni o ngā mōhiohio, tata i waho e pā i te otinga o ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te whakahaere o te hunga atu taonga ranei, rite e cybernetics. Kua tōna ahua kua meinga taea e tika ana ki te whanaketanga o te te hangarau rorohiko, e hāngai ana nei i runga i taua mea, a hohore kahore reira. whanaketanga Cybernetics puta i tahaki me, ahakoa whakamahi reira kaha whakatutukitanga o te hangarau rorohiko, ehara i te mea ti'aturi i runga a ratou, kia rite ki te mea hanga ngā whakaurunga tauira whakahaere.

pūtaiao Rorohiko i roto i te tikanga whānui, me te kuiti o te kupu

I roto i te tikanga whānui o te kupu pūtaiao - ko te kotahitanga o te ngā manga o te pūtaiao, whakangao me te hangarau, e kua pā ana ki te tukatuka mōhiohio. Na te aha i roto i te tikanga kuiti? Ko taea ki te tohatoha toru hono wahi Informatics.

1. Rorohiko rite te rängai o te ōhanga

Ko te tuatahi o ratou - te rängai o te ōhanga. I roto i tenei tikanga, ngā o te plurality o umanga ōrite whakahere ngā momo o te mahi e hua pūmanawa, taputapu rorohiko, me te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau tukatuka mōhiohio te rorohiko. Uara, pū, whāinga me ngā mahi o Informatics i roto i tenei tikanga tāutuhia e te meka e tei reira ki runga i te reira ki te tupu whānuitanga hua nui i roto i ngā rāngai o te ōhanga. He momo o mahi huri noa te ao i teie mahana, rite rawa ki te aunoatanga.

2. Informatics rite pūtaiao taketake

Ka rite ki whakawhanake pūtaiao rorohiko tikanga taketake o te mōhiohio ahanoa whakarato ngā tukanga mana e hāngai ana i runga i ngā pūnaha mōhiohio rorohiko. Ka taea e koe te tīpako i ngā i roto i Europe e whai ake nei ngā wāhi rangahau matua: Informatics hauora me te ōhanga, rorohiko integrated ahumahi, te whanaketanga o te hanganga whatunga, taiao taiao Informatics me haumaru pāpori, ngā pūnaha mōhiohio ngaio.

whakaahua tatou i te whāinga matua me ngā whāinga o te pūtaiao rorohiko taketake. Ko tōna whakaaro, ko te ki te whakarato i tētahi mōhiotanga whānui o ngā pūnaha mōhiohio, me te tāutu i ō rātou mahi me te hanga o te ture whānui. Ko tōna mahi e whai ake:

- titiro te ariā ngā o ngā pūnaha mōhiohio me hangarau;

- ki te whakawhanake i te huarahi o te pehea, ki te hanga i te tautoko ngā mōhiohio o ngā pūnaha rorohiko.

3. Hoatu āhuatanga

Whakaahua i te kaupapa o te pūtaiao rorohiko rite te pūtaiao ka whakamahia, mōhio tatou e te rave i te reira i roto i:

- te whanaketanga o ngā tauira kōrero o kōrero, mahi i roto i te maha ngā wāhi o te mahi a te tangata;

- te ako o ture e te tīariari i roto i ngā tukanga mōhiohio (tohatoha, tukatuka, rokiroki);

- te whanaketanga o hangarau me ngā pūnaha pārongo i roto i ngā wāhanga motuhake, me te tūtohutanga hanga e pā ana ki te huringa ora mo te ngā wāhanga (hoahoa, production, mahi, me ētahi atu).

Ko te whāinga matua o te Informatics

Ko te mahi taketake o reira ko ki te whakawhanake i ngā utauta, me ngā tikanga mo te faafariuraa raraunga, me te ki te whakamahi i ratou i roto i te faanahonahoraa o ngā tukanga rerekē o tona tukatuka.

Ko te whai ake whāinga matua o te pūtaiao rorohiko:

- te ako o ngā tukanga ngā mōhiohio, he tetahi āhua;

- te whakatutuki i te engineering me ngā raruraru pūtaiao o te whakatinanatanga, hanganga, te whakarite i te whakamahi whai hua te nuinga o te hangarau rorohiko me te taputapu i roto i ngā wāhanga o te ora tūmatanui;

- te whanaketanga o te hangarau mōhiohio, me te hanganga i runga i te pūtake o te hua o te rangahau o ngā tukanga ngā mōhiohio o te hangarau tukatuka mōhiohio hou.

Rorohiko rite te ako matatini

Me mea te reira kia e kore e tīariari reira i tahaki. Rorohiko - Ko te ako whānui (Pūtaiao me te Hangarau), e hāngai ana nei i te hanga o ngā hangarau mōhiohio hou, me ngā tūāhua. E whakamahia ratou mo whakaoti rapanga i roto i te tahi atu wāhi. I roto i te hapori mōhiohio ko te matatini o tona arata'iraa ahumahi. I roto i te ao i reira ko te au ki te whakanui ake mōhiotanga. Tei te reira i te nuinga i runga i te ahunga whakamua o tenei mara ngā o te matauranga, tona kotahitanga rite te pūtaiao, ahumahi me te hangarau.

tono Informatics

inaianei whānui kua whakamahia te hangarau mōhiohio i roto i ngā wāhanga o to tatou oraraa: i roto i te pūtaiao, pakihi, mātauranga, me te tokomaha atu wāhi. Ko te hiahia hoki ngā utu, me te uaua heipü whakatika i roto i te hononga ki te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao hou. Ka rite ki te tauira, te whanaketanga o reactors hononga. Ko te tūranga o Informatics ko ki te whakakapi ngā mīhini tūturu. whakaora tenei nui rauemi, whakarato te kaha ki te hapai i nga tikanga tino hou o nga hua. I tua atu, ngā rite tango iti rawa iho te wā i te tūturu. A i roto i te tahi mau wāhanga o te matauranga pūtaiao (hei tauira, i roto i te astrophysics) he noa te reira e kore e taea ki te whakahaere i te whakamātau tūturu. Na ka haere mai ki te āwhina o te pūtaiao rorohiko. Te nuinga i roto i ēnei wāhanga kawea te rangahau katoa i ki te awhina o whakatauira me te rorohiko ngā.

whanaketanga atu o te pūtaiao rorohiko, me te tetahi atu pūtaiao arata'i ki ngā āhuatanga hou, me te whakatutukitanga. He tono hou e mua i uaua ki te ara whakaaro.

Informatics Communication ki ētahi atu peka o te matauranga

pūtaiao rorohiko - rohe whānui o te matauranga pūtaiao, i whakatika i te pūtahitanga o sciences ka whakamahia, me te faufaa. Ka rite ki pā he ako pūtaiao matatini te ki nga peka e whai ake nei o te matauranga:

- hinengaro me te rapunga whakaaro (i roto i te ariā o te matauranga, me te kōrero e pā ana ki te whakaako);

- te pāngarau (i roto i te pāngarau motuhake, te ariā o te whakatauira pāngarau me hātepe, arorau pāngarau);

- Kei te pā reira ki wetereo roto i te whakaako o ngā pūnaha tohu me ngā reo ōkawa;

- cybernetics, rite kua matou tuhia kē - i te ariā o te whakahaere, me te mōhiohio;

- he engineering irirangi, hikohiko, matū me te ahupūngao - i roto i te rauemi o te pūnaha mōhiohio me te rorohiko.

I roto i te mara o Informatics pūtaiao hinga pūtaiao tātai e tuatapapa i te tikanga me te mau parau tumu o te faanahonahoraa o ngā tukanga rorohiko, ao, me te rohe whatunga rohe rorohiko. I te tahi atu te ringa, te reira hoki ngā pūtaiao hinengaro, e kua hangaia mo te ako o tautooraa whakaaro tangata ki te whakapai ake i te mau huru hinengaro o rorohiko.

Rorohiko rite te rängai o te ōhanga

Ka rite ki te peka o te ōhanga Informatics ko te kohinga o hinonga pakihi, e kua te tikanga mō ngā kaiwhakamahi ratonga (mōhiohio), te whakaurunga production tukatuka, me te te whanaketanga o te pūmanawa. He he he au o whakawhiti i te hapori ahumahi, te wahi e hāngai ana mea katoa kei i te hanga me te kohi o taonga, ki te mōhiohio.

I teie mahana, te momo o te tikanga o te pūtaiao rorohiko e whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te ōhanga. E whakamahia ratou i roto i te mahi:

- arumoni, ahumahi me te whakahaere pēke;

- ngā mahi tātari, me te kaute;

- te tukanga pūtea i roto i te pūtahi terenga me āhua;

- e-pakihi, me te e-tauhokohoko;

- te whakahaere Treasury, auctions me ngā whakawhitinga hokohoko.

Informatics Economic - te pūtaiao, tikanga nei ki te hanga i te ariā o te whakatauira i te mahi o ngā hinonga ohaoha, terenga, kāwanatanga me ngā pūtahi rohe. kua oti te whakarite ona whāinga i te whāinga o te ōhanga. E ko, e ratou ki te whakarato hinonga pakihi, ratonga terenga wai me te tūmatanui, me ngā rōpū hangarau mōhiohio. He aha te mea te tumu parau o te Informatics ōhanga? Ko ia ki te kitea regularities e tīariari i roto i ngā mōhiohio whakatauira me ngā tikanga o te matauranga i runga i te mahi ohaoha o nga whakahaere (hinonga) Economy me te tahi atu hinonga, te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaere o te hangarau mōhiohio.

tikanga whakatauira me te ako o ngā tukanga ōhanga

He maha ngā tikanga o te whakatauira, me te ako o ngā tukanga ōhanga. Ko ratou e rua pūtaiao motuhake, me te whānui. mahi Pūtaiao: te kōtuitanga, tātari, arataki, taua ruritanga, oti'a, faaauraa, whakatakotoranga. whakakitea ratou katoa nga tauira e te tīariari i roto i ari pūmau ngā tukanga ranei. E arotahi tikanga motuhake i runga i ngā mōhiohio e whakaata ana ngā tukanga ōhanga ngā pērā i:

- pāngarau: deterministic, stochastic, whaihanga, arotautanga, me te whakatauira whatunga, pāngarau makaro, pāngarau, nahanaha, whakarea, inenga me ētahi atu tätari;

- Mōhiohio me te arorau: kauwhata me ngā tūtohi, kauwhata, tikanga ataata me te paerewa o te māngai rerenga kōrero me ngā tukanga pakihi.

He aha te mea he rorohiko?

ariā Basic o rorohiko ngā ngā rorohiko, mai ko nga tikanga hangarau nui te taviniraa mo tona whāwhā ratou. Ka taea te whakarōpūtia ratou rite ki te momo o tohu: i whakarite, te parau tumu o te mahi, te rahi, te tukatuka mana, te whakahaere o te tātai tukanga, taumahinga, me ētahi atu.

Whakarōpū i rorohiko whakaaro

Ka taea e koe te wehe i te rorohiko mo te tahi atu mau opuaraa i roto i te whai ake 3 ngā rōpū.

1.-whakaaro General (te ao). E hangaia ratou ki te whakaoti i ngā raruraru hangarau: pāngarau, ōhanga, mōhiohio, me te tahi atu, e kua kitea e te rōrahi nui o ngā raraunga ki te kia tukatuka, me te te matatini o te hātepe. āhuatanga āhuatanga o enei rorohiko ko to ratou kakama teitei, me te he momo o momo o raraunga ki te tukatuka (pūāhua, ira, ā-rua), he momo o ngā mahi rorohiko (motuhake, arorau, tauhanga), he mahara kaha nui, whakawhanakehia hoki wāhi-putanga mōhiohio pūnaha .

2. Ko te rōpū tuarua - te raruraru-hāngai. Ratou whakaaro, ko te ki te whakaoti te whānuitanga atu kuiti o ngā raruraru e e te nuinga o e pā ana ki ngā hangarau, whakaeminga, te rēhitatanga me te tukatuka o moni iti o raraunga.

3. rongoā motuhake e whakamahia ana ki te whānuitanga rawa kuiti o tono. te whakaiti i tenei te utu, me te matatini o te taua i te rorohiko, i te tiaki i tika, me te pai mahinga.

hangarau mōhiohio

Whakaahua i te ariā taketake o te pūtaiao rorohiko, he mea e tika ana ki te mea i te tahi kupu e pā ana ki te hangarau mōhiohio. Ko reira he huinga o te pūmanawa motuhake, me te pūmārō e kua whakamahia ki te mahi i te whānuitanga o ngā ngā mahi e pā ana ki te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio i roto i ngā wāhanga katoa o to tatou oraraa. Kei te te tahi mau taime i huaina hangarau Information Applied Informatics me te hangarau rorohiko. ahu mai ana tēnei ariā ki te hanganga o te hapori ngā mōhiohio i roto i nei te pūtake o akiaki pāpori he mōhiohio, nui atu i nga rauemi rauemi tuku iho. Ko te pūtaiao, te matauranga, kaha hinengaro, āhuatanga whakahaere, auaha, kaupapa, me ētahi atu. tenei ariā, kāore, he pera urutomo me te whānui e tohunga tonu e kore i haere mai ki te ūkui tona waihanga. I hoatu te whakamāramatanga angitu tino o reira Glushkov, te whakamārama hangarau mōhiohio rite te whakawhiti tangata-mīhini hangarau, te tukatuka, kohinga o ngā mōhiohio, e hāngai ana i runga i te whakamahi o ngā taputapu rorohiko. Kua whakawhanakehia te reira i tere, a hipokina atu pāpori mahi: whakahaere, production, mātauranga, te pūtaiao, rongoā, pūtea me te pēke, te ora me te etahi.

Kura o Informatics Course

Ko te mahi matua o te kaupapa kura "Information" ko ki te whakarato i te faafariuraa roa, me te mohio mapulei ākonga mōhiotanga mo ngā tukanga whiwhi, te whakamahi, ngā mōhiohio rokiroki. I tenei kaupapa, kia whakakitea ano hoki te kaiako pūtaiao tona tūranga i roto i te hanganga o te pikitia pūtaiao o te ao kua whakawhanakehia e i roto i enei ra, te faufaa o te hangarau rorohiko me te hangarau mōhiohio i roto i te whanaketanga o te hapori hou. takoto te wero i roto i te āhua o ki te whakarato i ngā ākonga ki te pūkenga o te whakamahi kouma, me te mohio o te rorohiko i roto i te mātauranga, me te atu ngā mahi ngaio.

Ko te take e whai ake nei kia whakanui i te kaiako ngā ākonga pūtaiao:

- mōhiohio, ngā tukanga ngā mōhiohio, me te reo o tona tukunga;

- mōhiohio whakatauira;

- hōtaka me te algorithmization;

- te rorohiko rite te tikanga o te tukatuka mōhiohio;

- ngā tenei ra tona hangarau tukatuka mōhiohio hou.

Ēnei rārangi i te āhua ripeka-tapahi, arā, te ako o ratou tupu i ngā wāhanga katoa (i 2 ki te kōeke 11). Wehea ki toru ngā taumata o te pūtaiao rorohiko i roto i te kura. tango ēnei taumata ki pūkete te tau o te ākonga, me te ratou faaineineraa.

taumata Tuatahi - te tuatahi (co piha 2 ki te 6), ko te tuarua - te turanga (7 ki te māka 9), te tuatoru - te kōtaha (10 me 11 ngā akomanga). Ko te hōtaka mō ngā auroro 2 i roto i 9 - Ko te iti rawa whakahauanga. I roto i te kura nui, kawea atu i roto i-hohonu whakangungu ki te pūtaiao rorohiko i roto i ngā pūkete. E whakarato ana whakangungu mō te mahi ngaio. Kōrero i roto i te taipitopito atu aho kua oti ako ngā akomanga o ngā hōtaka.

Informatics: whakamātautau

I runga i tenei kaupapa Ege - tetahi o nga whakamātautau roa, e pumau e pā ana ki 4 haora. I 2014, ko te tapeke e haere iti 40. kia tīmata roa te whakangungu i mua i te ra o te whakamātautau, a ka kia whakaratohia hua pai i roto i tenei take.

Ngā taumata Informatics wehea ki poraka i runga i to ratou matatini rānei. A1-A13 - te pātai taumata taketake ki te whiriwhiri o ngā urupare maha. Hoki ia kōwhiringa tika o te 1 ira riro te. Ngā akiakitanga B1-B15 rorohiko - ko te nui haere matatini o te raruraru tenei. Ko te tokomaha te mati whakamutunga ranei ko nga whakautu ki a ratou. Ko te mahi uaua tino i roto i te pūtaiao rorohiko - C1-C4. He mea tika ki te hoatu i te whakahoki oti tino ki a ratou.

I roto i ia whakatinanatanga o te whāinga whakamātautau mō te pūtaiao rorohiko e pā ana tetahi ara ranei tetahi ki te rorohiko. Heoi, i roto i te whakaoti mahi o te kāwai C rāhuitia te ki te whakamahi i te tātaitai me te PC.