Ūkuikui i roto i te tinana tangata: ko te uara, pānga

Biochemistry - koiora e tuatapapa i te hanganga matū o ngā pūtau takitahi me te rauropi rite te katoa. Kei te mohiotia te reira i tata 98% o nga tirotiro pūtau e ngā hāora, te waro, hauota, me te hauwai. E huaina ēnei matū organogenic. 1.8% He pāhare pāporo, konutai, konupora, māota me ūkuikui. I roto i te tangata, he ratou wahi o nga tai kohuke me te whai i te ahua o ngā katote ohie uaua ranei, whakarato i te akoranga noa o tauhohe pākia e. Hei tauira, te pūhui nui o nga pūtau haepapa mo te whakawhiti o ngā āhuatanga ira - waikawa karihi - Kei roto ng ngota he ngota tīhiko o te waikawa phosphoric.

Ko te rāpoi ngota ATP runga nei te pūmanawa pūngao pūtau hoki ngā katote ūkuikui. I roto i tenei tuhinga, tapaea tatou tauira e whakau te wāhi nui o te ūkuikui i roto i te tinana tangata, me ona pānga i runga i te pākia e.

Irahiko here pākoki me ratou uara

Ko te hanganga pūtake o matū waro e whakatu mea ora, ko te kaha o te rāpoi ngota ki te hanga i tetahi momo o te here matū. Kei te karanga a te reira i kotuari neke, me te puta i waenganui i ngā ngota nonmetal, whakatau nga āhuatanga taketake o pūhui matū. Biochemistry, ako te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota o matū i roto i te tipu ngā pūtau, harore, kararehe, whakaturia ratou hanganga matū. tahuri te reira i roto i taua, haunga hauota, waro, te hāora, me i roto i ratou ūkuikui. I roto i te tangata, e kore e kitea taua mea i roto i te āhua noa, mai te mea te reira tino paitini. Na reira, i roto i te huānga pūnaha ora e te puka o ng ngota te nane, ortho- ranei waikawa pyrophosphoric, e whai te kaha ki te hanga i here ki tīhiko whakarewa. I roto i te aha matū e taea te whakatau ratou pūtau?

Ūkuikui i roto i ngā rāpoi ngota organic matatini

Pūmua pūnaha kōhiwi, hormones, huaora, me lipids ki te hanga i te matatini ūkuikui-kei roto ngota pūhui matatini. I roto i te tangata i reira he pūhui matatini - me phospholipids fosfoproteidy, kia ake nga rāpoi ngota o matū kaha biologically - whākōkī me steroids. Pākoki here kotuari i roto i te DNA ko RNA nucleotides tukua te hanganga o here phosphodiester i roto i mekameka waikawa karihi. He aha te hiahia mō ngā ūkuikui i roto i te tinana, me te aha e ona mahi i roto i te ka pākia? Kia tuatahi whakaaro tatou te mea i te taumata pūtau o te whakahaere.

ūkuikui Place i roto i te hanganga mea timatanga o ngā pūtau

E ai ki te ihirangi i roto i te cytoplasm me organelles (0.2-1%), he konganuku-kore i roto i te wahi wha i muri i huānga organogenic. Te nuinga kukū pūhui toitoi ūkuikui pūtau - osteocytes, taonga kiko niho - dentin. He nui ko to ratou ihirangi roto neurons me glia, e hanga ake te pūnaha io. Phosphorus ngota roto i roto i te pūmua membrane, waikawa karihi me matū pūngao - adenosine ATP triphosphate me puka iti nikotinamiddinukleotidfosfata - NADP × H _2. Ka rite ki te kite tatou i roto i te ūkuikui tinana tangata i kitea i roto i ngā hanganga faufaa katoa: pūtau, te kopa, ngā pūnaha whaiaroaro.

Kei te mohiotia te reira e te taumata o homeostasis pūtau, i te pūnaha koiora tuwhera tei runga i te kukū o ngā katote ngā i roto i te inu intercellular me hyaloplasm. He aha te mea te mahi o ūkuikui i te tiaki o te taiao ā-tamau o te tinana tangata?

Ko te pūnaha moka

Nā ki te taonga i roto i te membrane semipermeable waho ki te pūtau e tango tonu ngā matū, pēhia kia kukū tiketike pā tona mahi. Hei haamou i te taikaha o katote paitini, te cytoplasm, tahi ki te konutai tīhiko, pāhare pāporo, konupūmā, kei ngā toenga waikawa pākawa waro, sulfite, me te waikawa phosphoric. E taea e ki te tauhohe ki te taikaha o ngā katote mau i roto i te whare herehere, a ka whakahaere i te ōritetanga o tirotiro intracellular ratou. Ko te pūnaha moka anake katote o waikawa ngoikore, tika ngā ngota tīhiko ngä Äpiha ₄ ^2- me H ₂ PO ₄ ^- kei roto ūkuikui. I roto i te tangata, kua tito reira o te pūnaha papare whakarato te akoranga physiologically noa o tauhohe pūkoro i te taumata pūtau.

phosphorylation oxidative

huaina te wāwāhi o ngā pūhui matū waro i roto i te pūtau te tukupūngao kori tinana. Ko te wāhi - te pungaraungao. I runga i nga hipi i roto - cristae organelles - whākōkī kei complexes. Hei tauira, Kei te pūnaha ATPase kawe irahiko molekuly-. Nā ki tauhohe catalyzed e whākōkī i ADP me ngā rāpoi ngota waikawa phosphoric free synthesized ATP - ao pūtau pūngao māngai pau mo ratou uri, tupu, nekehanga. Ka taea te māngai Ko tōna hanganga i roto i te kaupapa tauhohe māmā: F = ADP + ATP. Na ka kohikohi rāpoi adenosinetriphosphate i roto i te cytoplasm. mahi ratou rite te puna o te pūngao mō te mahi pūkaha, hei tauira, i roto i te pūnaha uaua, me i te tauhohe o te utu kirihou. Na reira, ko te ūkuikui i roto i te tinana tangata whai wāhi matua i roto i te pākia e pūngao.

here Phosphodiester rāpoi ngota whakapapa

tuhia High ihirangi ūkuikui ngota kei roto i te karihi pūtau, hei wāhanga o te mema o waikawa karihi. Whakatuwheratia i roto i te pūtaiao Swiss rau 19 F. Miescher, he biopolymers tito o waetahi me ratou - nucleotides. Ko reira e rua i roto i te purine me pyrimidine nga turanga, me nga hononga hanga te RNA mekameka me te superhelix Phosphorus DNA. Ko te waetahi o te waikawa karihi e taea o hanga te hanganga polymer mā te whakaputa kotuari here i waenganui i nga toenga pentose me te waikawa phosphoric teka nucleotides pātata. E huaina ratou phosphodiester. Kinonga o te DNA me te RNA rāpoi ngota tupu i roto i ngā pūtau tangata whai wāhi ki te radiation kama pakeke matū paitini e tika ana ki te poisoning ranei he tika ki te whaturama o here phosphodiester. arata'i te reira ki te pūtau mate.

kiriuhi koiora

Hanganga tautuhi i te tirotiro roto o te pūtau, a kua titoa o ūkuikui. I roto i te tangata ki runga ki te 40% i te taimaha maroke taka i runga i ngā pūhui e phospholipids me fosfoproteidy. Ko ratou nga wāhanga nui o te apa membrane, i roto i nei i reira he matū pērā i pūmua me te warowaihā hoki. he angamaheni hoki neurocytes anga me ngā tukanga ihirangi ūkuikui High - dendrites me axon. kiriuhi phospholipids hoatu plasticity, me te whakawhetai ki te rāpoi cholesterol, me te ara kaha. Ratou tākaro hoki te tūranga o karere tuarua - kïia e rāpoi e he activators o te pūmua effector whai wāhi i roto i te karere hihiko.

repe Parathyroid me ratou tūranga i roto i te ūkuikui pākia

pī rite e takoto ana i runga i matamata e rua o te repe thyroid me te mea he taimaha o 0.5-0.8 g ia, te repe parathyroid ki te huna hoki ira parathyroid. regulates te reira i te utu o ngā āhuatanga pērā i te konupūmā me te ūkuikui i roto i te tinana. Ko nga mahi pera o ratou pānga i runga i osteoblasts me osteocytes - pūtau wheua, e kua awe e taiaki timata ki te huna tote o te waikawa phosphoric i roto i te inu wahopūtau. A, no te ngaro hyperfunction o nga repe parathyroid o wheua tangata ratou kaha, fakamolū ka wahia iho, te ihirangi ūkuikui i roto ia ratou heke koi. I tenei wa, he nui ake te mōrea o piere o te tuarā, papatoiake me hope, whakawehi ora o te manawanui. Wä, te whakanui ake moni o te konupūmā. arata'i ana tēnei ki te hypercalcemia ki ngā tohu o raru piringa, me te hinga o te āhua uaua kōhiwi. PTH mahi i runga i nga whatukuhu, whakaiti tai reabsorption ūkuikui i te mimi tuatahi. Te whakanui ake i te ihirangi Phosphate i roto i te tākihi kiko ai hyperphosphaturia me tuanaki hanganga.

Ko te hanganga kohuke o wheua kikokiko

Te pakeke, kaha me te elasticity o te pūnaha tautoko tei runga i te hanganga matū o ngā pūtau wheua. Kei roto Osteocytes rite ngā pūhui matū waro, hei tauira ossein pūmua, me matū pararopi kei roto tai Phosphate konupūmā me te konupora. Ki te tau, he tangata o wāhanga kohuke pērā i hydroxylapatite i roto i osteocytes me piki osteoblasts. mineralization wheua rerekē, te haaputuputuraa o tai konupūmā me te ūkuikui te taikaha i roto i te tinana arata'i ki mate o te elasticity me te kaha o te kōhiwi, kia maha he iwi ruhiruhia i mōrea o whara me piere.

Te faafariuraa o pūhui ūkuikui i roto i te tinana tangata

Te repe kūnatu nui rawa i roto i te tinana tangata - te ate - kua kairau a te wāhi nui i roto i te tauhohe utu o pūhui ūkuikui-kei roto. taiaki Parathyroid whai wāhi hoki me huaora D ki enei tukanga. Ko te whakaritenga o ia rā mō te huānga pakeke ko 1,0-2, 0 karamu, mō ngā tamariki me te taiohi - 2.5 Phosphorus i te puka o tai käore he pänga me rite i roto i complexes ki pūmua me warowaihā i roto i tae mai te tinana tangata i te kai.

E ki tonu o purapura putirā, paukena, Hemp ratou. I roto i te kai mai i te kararehe nui ūkuikui i roto i te ate heihei, mīti, tīhi pakeke, ika. ūkuikui te taikaha i roto i te tinana e taea hua i disorders reabsorbtsionnoy mahi tākihi, huaora ngāuehala'aki ', konupūmā hē i roto i te kai. Ko te pānga kino o te ūkuikui i runga i te tinana tangata kei te matua whakakitea i roto i te lesion o te pūnaha, tākihi me te wheua taputapu Cardiovascular a kia tohu i te disorders pūkoro nui.