Wae o ngā mahi whakangungu ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi mātauranga

Kia ka te tamaiti i hanga e etahi pūkenga ako, ka e taea ki te tino whai wāhi i roto i ngā mahi akoranga e ia.

Rawa o tau kura tuatahi

Hoki ngā tamariki 3-6 tau o mahi tākaro moni motuhake. A ngahau homai e te reira e kore anake te kēmu iho, engari ano hoki ona hua, kei te toa e. Kaiako, he te āhuatanga hinengaro o te tau, kei te ngana ki te whakauru i roto i te wāhanga kēmu o te mahi mātauranga. tautäwhi mahi - ki te hanga i te mau huru e hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā tamariki: ruruku, whakaaro arorau, motuhake. Ka rite ki kōhungahunga tipu o te hihiri petipeti āta whakakapi wae o ngā mahi whakaako me te ako. Hoki ngā tamariki i roto i tenei wā he mea nui ki te whakaae o ngā mahi, te whakamoemiti i te kaiako, te mau metua. I ka e hanga e i roto i tenei wā mō te angitu āhuatanga tamariki 'pehea ki te whakatika i "tei i runga i to ratou ora kura muri.

Pūnaha D. B. Elkonina

Hanganga o wāhanga mahi mātauranga - he mahi nui. He matatini me te roa tenei tukanga, e titau te reira i te rota o te wā, me te kaha tinana. Te tātari i te wāhanga matua o te mahi whakangungu. He he he tetahi hanganga whakaarohia D. B. Elkoninym. miramira ana te kaituhi te 3 wāhanga o te mahi ako, te matapaki ratou i roto i te taipitopito atu.

hihiri

Ko te huānga tuatahi tenei. mahi mātauranga ko polimotivirovannoy, whakatenatena reira, ka whakahaua ngā taumu'a mātauranga. I roto ia ratou i reira he tumu e te hunga pai hāngai ki te mahi ako. Ki te hanga e enei pūkenga i roto i ngā tamariki kura tuatahi i roto i te mahi whakangungu tonu i roto i enei tamariki riro whai hua, me te whai kiko. D. B. Elkonin taua tohu karanga mātauranga, me te mōhiohio. Enei wāhanga o te mahi mātauranga o ngā ākonga teina i runga i ngā hiahia-hinengaro me hiahia o whaiaro. Ko te moni i roto i te ihirangi o te mahi ako ki te rauemi ako. I tua atu, e pā ana te hihiri e ki te tukanga rawa o te mahi, ara ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga. He nui hoki te maara o kura teina, te whanaketanga o ana aravihi auaha tēnei tauihu.

mahi ako

Ko te wāhanga tuarua o te mahi ako whakahihiko tā pūnaha mahi i roto i te whakatinanatanga o nei haapii te ākonga te tikanga taketake o te mahi. Ko rerekē i te mahi takitahi mahi ako. Eé, e mahi ana maha mahi motuhake, whakatuwhera ratou ake ara o rongoā. rongoā rerekē tamariki kia rerekē te whāinga mātauranga taua materia. Nā ki te whakawhanake i te whakangungu, mahi i roto i te haapiiraa tuatahi, i muri i taua "kitea whaiaro", te kaiako whakarāpopoto nga hua, me o ratou mau paroita whakaatu hātepe whānui mo te raruraru. Ko nga tamariki ako te ara e whakamahia ai i roto i te tahi atu mahi. nui haere te hua te hua o te mahi mātauranga, heke te maha o hape i hanga e nga tamariki.

Ka rite ki te tauira o te mahi ako e taea te whakaaro tātari morfosemantichesky o te haapiiraa o te reo Russian. kua ki te kitea he hononga i waenganui i te tikanga o etahi kupu, me ngā puka te akonga. Hei akakoromaki i tenei mahi, ka whai ia ki te ako tikanga noa o te mahi ki te kupu. Mā te whakamahi i te huringa i roto i rite ki te whakapumautia i roto i te puka hou o te kupu, heheu ia te hononga i waenganui i te uara me te puka whakarerekētia.

ngā mahi whakangungu

karanga ratou D. B. Elkonin te toru o nga wāhanga o te mahi mātauranga. Hei tauira, mo te reo Russian, kia kia taua ngā mahi ki te poroporo i nga kupu i roto i te hanganga, te tautuhi kuhimua, pakiaka, mutu kūmuri. tauturu paari o ngā wāhanga o ngā mahi mātauranga te tamaiti ki te whakawhiti ki te tauira motuhake o te ture whānui. He mea nui ki te mahi i roto i mahi whakangungu kotahi katoa. Poua ki te mahi i roto i o ngā pūkenga mātauranga he āhuatanga o te mātauranga whanaketanga, kua whakatakoto te mau parau tumu o e P. Ya. Galperinym. Kura, te tiki i te whakaaro o te raupapa o ngā mahi, i raro i te arata'iraa o te kaiako mahi tona mahi. I muri te maitai te tamaiti taukei taua pūkenga, kua riro te reira i te tukanga "o pronunciation," e ko, whakaoti i te mahi i roto i te hinengaro, parau te ākonga te kaiako te otinga turnkey me te whakahoki.

mana

Ka rite ki te mana hi'opo'araa tuatahi mahi kaiako. Ka rite ki te whanaketanga tīmata whakatikatikanga whaiaro me te mana, te ako-whaiaro. mahi te kaiako rite te kaiako, kei te whai i nga mahi o ratou mau paroita, homai ratou whakaaro kia rite ki e tika ana. Te kore whaiaro tonu e kore e taea e tino whakawhānui ngā mahi whakangungu me te mana ako ko te mahi nui, me te uaua o te whakaako. I tua atu ki te aromatawai o te hua whakamutunga, te tamaiti he mana mahi nui, e te, kia kia tirohia te mahia tika o ia wāhanga. Ki te ako te ākonga ki te whakahaere i tona mahi mātauranga, i hanga e ia he tohu tika o te taua mahi nui rite te arotahi.

aro mātai

Ki te whakaaro tatou nga wāhanga o te mahi whakangungu, kia kia utua tokanga makehe ki te aromatawai. I tua atu ki te aroturuki ona mahi whakangungu, me ako te ākonga e founga ki te aromatawai i to ratou mahi rawaka. He uaua mō ngā ākonga kura tuatahi, fele rimurapa ratou kiritau-, na i tenei wāhi kia tango i te kaiako i runga i te mahi matua. e kore e kia iti te reira ki te māka banal, he mea nui ki te whakamārama ki a ia. A, no te he i whakarite e whai hua o te mahi o schoolboys parau ratou te kaiako i roto i te taipitopito e pā ana ki te paearu aro mātai, kia e matau nga tamariki i te mea wāhi e taea e ratou e mahara hoki ratou mahi hinengaro. He ona ake paearu mō te aromātai i me te ākonga ratou. whakapono ratou e pau mo te mahi mahi ranei he nui nui o te kaha, kaha, na kia kia maximal te aro mātai o ratou mahi. I roto i te tau kura wawe whakawhanakehia te huru tino ki te tahi atu eé, he tika whakamahi i roto i tona kaiako mahi tenei āhuatanga. nga wāhanga katoa o ngā mahi mātauranga e hāngai ana i runga i arotake tahi o nga mahi o ngā tamariki i runga i te hātepe ngā, whakaarohia paearu noa. Ko whai hua i roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o te akoranga taua tikanga, mai tamariki e kore ano tino i hanga mahi mātauranga. E arahina e te whakaaro o ratou hoa taiohi, e kore e rite ki te whakatau tata mahi a tahi atu iwi ratou, rite wehi ratou he urupare huakore.

Āhuatanga o te mahi mātauranga

Āhuatanga o te mahi mātauranga o ngā wāhanga i homai i roto i te taipitopito i roto i te paerewa mātauranga e hānga ana hou. Ko tōna hanganga matatini tā haere i te ara roa ki te hoko i te tamaiti. Ka whakawhanake ngā ākonga kura nui katoa ora kura atu teina nga pūkenga tūturu i roto i te taahiraa matamua o te whakangungu. mātauranga Modern He pāpori auraa motuhake, te arotahi matua ko te whanaketanga tahi o tuakiri o te tamaiti.

Taua wāhanga hanganga o mahi mātauranga, kia rite ki te whakaaro huritao, me te kiritau-, kua riro nga paearu matua o te GEF. hāngai ngā mahi whakangungu i whiwhi ngā ākonga etahi matauranga kore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i te kaha ki te whakamahi i ratou i roto i te ora ia rā. Ako nga taketake o te tuhituhi, pānui, tatau, hua i roto i te huringa i roto i te whaiaro ite-o te tamaiti. hāngai ana te paerewa mātauranga hānga o whakatupuranga hou o nga wāhanga matua o te mahi mātauranga o schoolboys teina e i runga i whakaata tamau. A, no te whakatairite ratou whakatutukitanga tenei wiki, he marama, kei te ako i te hauwhā o ngā tamariki i ahu mai tona tupu, tātari i te raruraru. moheni Special ki nga hua o te whakaata takitahi, me te kaiako mata. Ki te tāutu i te awhina o te kaiako nga raruraru matua tūpono e ia ākonga, titiro hoki huarahi ki te hinga ratou.

, "I taea e kore - i ako." - "ako Kaua e mohio": Ko te wāhanga matua o ngā mahi whakangungu e pā ana ki te hanga o te kura e whai ake pātai Ki te i roto i te akoranga o enei mahi pai te tamaiti, makona ki tona tupu, te hanga i tētahi āhuarangi hinengaro pai mō te anō whaiaro whakapai ake-me te whanaketanga whaiaro.

D. B. Elkonin tātari i te wāhanga o te mahi mātauranga o te ākonga, fakamamafa'i te faufaa o te kiritau-. tuhia e ia e ko te reira i roto i te tātaritanga o te hua o to ratou kura mahi ite ranei kua whakahaere ia ki te akakoromaki i tona mahi. Kei te whakawhiti te wheako hua ki te mahi i muri, i hanga e te e te pūnaha pūkenga me mahi, i te mea te pūtake o te whanaketanga-whaiaro me te whaiaro whakapai ake-. " Ki te kahore e tino tangohia nga mahi whakangungu whakaritea e te maumaui ki pūkete te wāhanga matua o te mahi ako hanganga, heke aromatawai o te whai huatanga te.

Ko te kupu, i roto i te hanganga tuhia D. B. Elkonina te hononga o te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• whakawhenumi o te tamaiti mahi motuhake i roto i te mahi whakangungu whakaturia ia he kaiako i mua;
• whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi mātauranga mō te rauemi ako ngā ākonga;
• aroturuki me te tātaritanga o te hua.

Ko te ngā pekanga mātauranga e me whakawhenumi ākonga teina, kua riro te reira whakamahi ratou wāhanga rerekē o te mahi. Ko te whāinga hopea ko ki te whakatutuki i te ākonga mahi matau, hanga kia rite ki ture whāinga. Hei tauira, i roto i te tukanga o te whakaako tuatahi-graders whakamahi pānui ko te mahi mātauranga, kia rite ki te wehenga o kupu ki ōna wāhanga motuhake. Hei ako i te ture o te kaiako pūkete tuatahi whakamahi poraka, rakau, e arotahi ana ki pai pūkenga nekeneke. Fakataha e whakaurua kaupapa i roto i te kura tuatahi, whakatairanga i te absorption o ngā wāhanga katoa o te mahi mātauranga.

ahanoa mahi

Ko te mahi matua whakamana e te ākonga, e pā ana ki te taonga pai: oro, tau, reta. ui te Kaiwhakaako mahi motuhake whakangungu, me ngā ākonga o ratou whakaari, pee tona kaitohutohu. Kia te tino i te reira taukei taua pūkenga tuatahi i roto i mua whārangi i roto i te ngā "taahiraa" tohu puta. Next, turai te tamaiti ki te taumata teitei o te whanaketanga. Mā te tenei pūkenga, haamata ia ki te mahi i ngā mahi matatini ake. Ko reira i haamata i tenei wā te-whanaketanga whaiaro, kahore nei e kia horihori te tukanga akoranga.

L. S. Vygotsky rite te mahi hinengaro rawa o ngā ākonga tohaina ngā ngātahi. I roto i te ture ira whānui o te whanaketanga ahurea, ta ia e puta tetahi mahi o te tamaiti i roto i te whanaketanga i taua rua. Tuatahi, i roto i ngā pāpori, a ka i roto i te tūranga hinengaro. Tuatahi o te katoa, i waenganui te tangata, e ko, rite mahi interpsychic, a ka i roto i te tamaiti kia rite ki te kāwai intrapsychic. Ano, Tohe Vygotsky e tano atoa tenei ki te mahara arorau, me te aro tūao.

āhua hinengaro tohu he fakakātoa 'o' whanaunga tangata, i oho roto ki te mahi tahi o ngā tamariki, me te kaitohutohu pakeke.

Ko te uara o ngā kaupapa me rangahau i roto i te tukanga mātauranga hou

Whakaurunga i roto i te kura, me ngā mahi ki tua , rangahau, me te mahi kaupapa kihai i he āhuatanga tupurangi. Tei runga i te aronga o kawea i roto i fakafo'ituitui, i roto i ngā rōpū o ratou kaupapa, kapa auaha. I roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te kaupapa, tuatahi tahi ki te kaiakopono me tautuhi te tamaiti te whakaaro matua o tona ako. Tenei ka rapua e te pūkenga ako i roto i ngā mahi whakangungu. whakakitea tūhuratanga anō te hātepe i nei tei te kounga o ngā hua tika o te kaupapa. Ko reira i roto i enei mahi nui taea i roto i te ākonga i te whai wāhi ki te whaiaro whakapai ake-me te whanaketanga whaiaro. Ko te mahi whakangungu mua i roto i te akoranga o te kaupapa tahuri ki te mahi pūtaiao tūturu. riro te tamaiti te kaiako mō "hoa", tahi e rapu ratou mo ngaahi tali ki te pātai fai i te timatanga o te ako, e ngana ana ki te whakaū i turaki i te whakapae ranei. E mahi tahi ko te taahiraa e tika ana mo te whakaurunga ki tonu o te ākonga i roto i te akomanga. I tua atu ki te rironga o te matauranga, ake te tamaiti pūkenga, whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga kōrero.

mutunga

ngā mahi whakangungu Modern e hāngai ana "whakawhanaunga" o ia tamaiti, tona mahi angitu. He mea nui kia te tukanga kua "tangohia ake" kaiwhakaako o te waenganui, me te mātauranga tuarua o runga, anake i te institution mātauranga, ka waiho ngā ākonga e kore anake ki te "mea" o ariā, engari ano hoki ki te waihanga i tētahi tikanga o te aroha mo ratou whenua, he whenua iti, he whakaaro pai ki māngai o te tahi atu Iwi me ahurea, te hiahia ki te tiaki me te whakatairanga i te tuku iho me ngā tikanga. Ko te wāhanga matua o ngā mahi akoranga te āwhina ki te whakatika i te tukanga i roto i te aronga tika. pūnaha mātauranga Classical whakamahia i roto i nga wa Soviet, ko Mäori. E kore e whakaaetia te reira ki tino whakawhanake i te āheinga auaha o ngā ākonga, i kore noa whakahuatia e pā ana ki te whanaketanga-whaiaro me te whaiaro whakapai ake-. I muri i te whakahou o te mātauranga Russian, te whakataki o paerewa mātauranga e hānga ana hou, i taea ki te arotahi ki runga i te paroita ia, hoatu ki mahi te pūnaha o te huarahi takitahi, ki te tāutu i ngā tamariki pupū pūkenga, ki te āwhina i a ratou te whakawhanake kaiako. riro Pūkenga hifo mo te tau i roto i te kura, te āwhina i te tamaiti ki te hanga faaotiraa faufaa, me te kawenga i roto i te ora pakeke muri. Ko te fâ hopea roa o te mahi mātauranga katoa - te huringa o tana "ahau," te mōhio o tona faufaa ki te hapori, ka kia tutuki i roto i te ki tonu i.