Whakakapinga o te oneone. Whakakapi whenua ngohengohe

I mua he whakahauanga te tīmatanga o te hanganga o te turanga whare kia kawea te mahi pērā i te taki i roto i te kaha te whanau o te oneone. kawea Rangahau i roto i te taiwhanga motuhake. I roto i te kaupapa i whakakitea te oraraa o te mōrea o te tiango o te whare i roto i tona hanganga i tenei wāhi ngā, e taea te kawea i roto i mehua hāngai i te whakapakari i whakakapinga o te oneone ranei.

whakarōpū

Kua wehea oneone katoa ki te maha ngā momo taketake:

• Rock. tohu ratou he toka massif kotahi-wahi. e kore e mimiti makuku, e kore e iti, a kua whakaaro nepuchinistymi. Foundation i runga i taua whenua ko ngā â. Hei ano ngā makaka kohatu oneone, arā, o nui whatiwhatinga kamaka. I roto i taua take, ki te e konatunatua nga kohatu ki te uku oneone, whakaaro te oneone te slabopuchinistym ki te ki onepu - nepuchinistym.
• Nuinga. Primers ki waimaero paparanga hanganga tūturu. Mämä noa iho, whakataka i āwenewene. Building i runga i te pūtake o te hangä taua e taea e, engari me te tuatahi te mahi i te tukanga pērā i raungaitinga oneone.
• Clay. Ngā o matūriki rawa pai (iti iho i te 0.01 mm), te tino pai e haru wai, me te distending whakaaro. Iti i te kāinga i runga i taua soils he nui kaha atu i runga i te kohatu, me te one. Whakaröpütia oneone paru katoa rite one, one, me te paru. Ko ētahi o ēnei, tae atu loess.
• Sand. Kei a ia ko matūriki nui o onepu (ki te 5 mm). Kōpeke taua soils he rawa ngoikore, engari nohopuku. Na reira, hanga ki runga ki a ratou whare, kanohi ki raro, i te hohonu pāpaku. Whakaröpütia Sandy oneone rite ki te rahi matūriki. Ko te turanga pai whakaaro one haehaa (matūriki i 0.25 ki te 5 mm o).
• Ki Hatihi. kukū Silty oneone ki te wai. Nuinga o ngā wā i kitea i roto i te repo. Hoki te hanga o ngā whare kia rite ki ere.

whakamana taua whakarōpū te rite ki ngā momo GOST. whakamatauria Primers i roto i vitro ki te whakatau i nga āhuatanga tinana, me te hangarau e. Enei rangahau Ko te pūtake mō te tātai i te kaha o turanga mo whare. E ai ki a GOST 25100-95, kua wehea oneone katoa ki subsidence toka, me te neskalnye, me iu, saline me saline-kore.

Ko te āhuatanga matua tinana

I roto i ngā tirohanga taiwhanga ki te whakatau i taua tawhā o te oneone:

• Haumākū.
• Porosity.
• Plasticity.
• Kiato.
• Te kiato matūriki.
• uara tawhiti.
• ātete kutikuti.
• Ko te koki o matūriki waku.

E matau te kiato o te matūriki e taea te whakaritea, me te tohu pērā i te taimaha o te oneone motuhake. Kei te tatau te reira, te tuatahi o te katoa, ki te whakatau i te hanganga mineralogical o te whenua. Ko te meka Ko e te atu matūriki organic i roto i te oneone, te raro te kaha utanga-whanau.

E oneone taea te pēnei ki te ngoikore

Ko te tukanga mō te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga me te whakaritea e GOST. E ako Soils ki te whakamahi o te taputapu motuhake. Mahi i te wa taua kawea i roto i anake e tohunga whakangungua.

Ki te te hua o te whakamātautau whakakitea e kore e nga āhuatanga pūkaha me te tinana o te whenua tukua ki a koutou te hanga i runga i ngā hanganga reira me whare, kahore te mōrea o te tiango pakaru o tapatahi o te hanganga ranei, ka mohiotia te whenua te ngoikore. Ki te hunga hoki te wahi tino ngā Hatihi, me te oneone nuinga. Ngoikore atu pinepine mohio rite wewete onepu, Peat me te paru ki te ōrau nui o ngā toenga oneone organic.

Ki te te whenua i te wahi ngoikore, ko te nuinga o te hanga whakawhiti ki tetahi atu wāhi ki te turanga pai. Otiia ētahi wā e kore e taea tenei. Hei tauira, i runga i te rängai iti tūmataiti. I roto i tenei take, kia whakaritea ai i runga i te hanga o te puranga turanga ki te hohonu o te whakapanga ake ngā papa mātotoru. Otiia i te tahi taime te mea te reira tukanga atu e tika ana mō te whakakapi te whakapakari i te whenua ranei. He tino utu nui i roto i ngā o e rua utu pūtea, me te wa rua o enei ngā mahi.

Whakauru o whenua: parau tumu

kia kawea ai te tukanga i roto i roto i te ara e rua. Ko te kōwhiringa o te tikanga tei runga i te hohonu o ngā papa mātotoru. Ki te he te reira iti, te oneone te marama ki te kaha utanga-whanau rawakore nekehia atu noa. Next, i roto i te apa turanga mātotoru ringihia whāriki urunga painga compressible o te ranunga o onepu, kirikiri, kirikiri me ngā rauemi rite. taea anake te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga, ki te kore e nui ake te matotoru o te oneone ngohengohe i te pae rua mita.

I te tahi taime tupu te reira e te mea hohonu rawa te whenua u. I roto i tenei take, ka taea te whakatakotoria te urunga ki runga ki te ngoikore. Heoi, kia mahi i te reira i te tātai pū o tona rahi i roto i te rererangi whakapae, me te poutū. Whānui atu te reira, te raro o te tohatoha pēhanga ka hei te kawenga i runga i te oneone ngoikore. Hono ngāue'aki taua urunga taea i te pūrere o ngā momo katoa o turanga.

A, no te whakamahi i taua turanga tāwhaiwhai reira ko te mōrea o kuru te taimaha o te whare urunga. I roto i tenei take, i te reira tika tīmata ki te piri i roto i ki te whenua ngohengohe matotoru i runga i taha katoa. Ko te prosyadet rawa taua whare, a kāore, e taea arahi ki te whakangaromanga o ona huānga hanganga. I roto i te tikanga ki te karo i tenei, nga urunga paenga tāuta whārangi mahuahua. I tua atu, te ārai ratou mākū o te onepu me te kirikiri.

He reira taea ki te huri i te oneone i roto i te rohe i runga i to ratou ake

Me mahi whakakapinga o te oneone i raro i te turanga anake ki te rangahau e hāngai ana i mua, me te tātaitanga. Ki te mahi i tenei mahi i runga i to ratou ake, o te akoranga, e kore e mahi. Na reira, pea, ka whai ki te fakaafe'i tohunga. Heoi, i roto i kore he utu rawa te hanga o ngā whare, hei tauira, te ōhanga, e taea te kawea te mahi i roto i a "i te kanohi". Ahakoa te mōrea, tatou kihai i pai tonu tūtohu, engari mo te whanaketanga whānui, kia kite a i roto i te taipitopito ake i roto i te tikanga i runga ake. Ko te kupu, ko te wāhanga o te mahi i roto i tenei take e whai ake nei:

• Kei te whakamana arearenga ki te turanga mātotoru.
• I roto i te waikeri ki te taumata o te kapu o te turanga ake nei ringihia rahi onepu reo. hua Backfill paparanga o matotoru iti ki ia rammer. I mua i te taatiraa i te onepu me te nana ki te wai. kia kawea atu rite ata Rammer rite taea. I roto i te onepu kore e waiho tetahi inclusions, ngā mea nui. whakamahia ētahi wā ranunga hei utu oneone-raima, me te para.

I roto i te kaupapa i whakamahia te turanga turanga tāwhaiwhai kia whakarite ano hoki a tawhio noa te waikeri whare. Tenei ka tukua te moka ki te whakapiki ake i te kiato o te urunga oneone a tawhio noa, me te ārai i te reira i pēpēhinga te taha.

ki te waihanga i tētahi mahi pūnaha waikeri

Next, whakaaro pehea e taea te hanga e koe i te pūnaha waikeri i runga i te pae. Ko te taiepa o te whawhe mō te haumaru pai waterproofed. Ko te kupu, ko te āhuatanga o te tukanga:

• Ko te mita keri he awa ki i te whare. whakamana arearenga i te hohonu ano i raro i te turanga whakapanga. Whānuitanga -. Kia Mō 30 cm pinakitanga awa raro i te iti rawa 1 cm ki te roa 1 m.
• ki tonu te raro o te waikeri kei te ka tamped kahu pyatisantimetrovym o onepu.
• Wherahia atu i runga i te one ki geotextile whakatika nga taha o te tāpae o te waikeri.
• Ringihia desyatisantimetrovyh paparanga o kirikiri.
• Tāpae putorino awakeri pūwatawata.
• Ringihia tona kirikiri moenga 10 cm.
• Hipokina te "keke" pito o geotextile me tuitui ratou.
• Hinga moe te whenua katoa, ka mahue nga koki o te manholes whare.
• I te mutunga o te ngongo pai kaiwhiwhi makona. Me Tangohia paramu i te iti rawa e rima mita i te taiepa o te whare.
• I te raro o te poka ringihia kirikiri me te whakaturia ki te ipu kirihou ki rua tāne i roto i te raro.
• Whakaatu i te ngongo ki te ipu.
• I te tihi o te puna hipokina te ki papa, me hipoki ki te whenua.

O te akoranga, i roto i te whare kia Maunga iho te pūnaha rerenga wai.

whakapakari o te oneone pehea he

Mai te whakakapinga o te oneone - mahi kaua mahi a, me te utu nui, reira maha whakakapi amplification tukanga raro i te turanga turanga. Heoi, e taea te tono e rave rahi tikanga rerekē. Ko tētahi o te noa tino e tamping te oneone, e taea e ausia hohonu ranei. I roto i te take tuatahi kei te whakamahia te reira rite te tihi rammer. Kei te whakaarahia te reira i atu te whenua, ka turakina iho i etahi he teitei. Kei te nuinga o tenei tikanga e whakamahia ana mo te faaineineraa o te hanganga o te oneone nuinga.

whakamana raungaitinga oneone Deep te ki te awhina o puranga motuhake. He mea pei atu ratou ki roto ki te whenua me te wahia i roto i. ringihia ana te poka hua te onepu maroke oneone-raima ringihia ranei.

Ko te tikanga waiariki

Te tohu i te whenua taonga tei matua i runga i tona hanganga, te hātepe mō te whakatau whakaritea nei te GOST. Soils, whakarōpū i o e kua aroaro i runga, te tikanga rapu amplification anake, ki te pā ki te rōpū neskalnoy.

Ko tētahi o nga tikanga tino noa ko ki te riro i te waiariki. Kei te whakamahia te reira mo te oneone loess me taea whakapakari o te hohonu o e pā ana ki te 15 m. I roto i tenei take mäminga i te whenua kei roto i putorino hau rawa wera (600-800 degrees). I te tahi taime mahi maimoatanga waiariki o te oneone e i roto i te ara rerekē. pai keria te whenua. Na ka tahuna e ratou hua he pūkākā pressurized. E hiri puna mua. I muri i tenei maimoatanga, riro te whenua calcined nga āhuatanga o te tinana uku me ngaro te kaha ki te kohikohi wai, me te ki pupuhi.

WHAKAPIRIPIRINGA

oneone Sandy (homai whakaahua o tenei momo te raro nei) whakakaha ara paku rerekē - i te WHAKAPIRIPIRINGA. I roto i tenei take, whētero reira te putorino i roto i nei te rongoā sima-paru sima ranei slurry mäminga. I ētahi wā e whakamahia ana i tēnei tikanga te ki hiritia kapiti me kōwhao i roto i te oneone kamaka.

silicification oneone

I te Hatihi, te atu nuitia whakamahia onepu silty me macroporous oneone tikanga o silicification. Hoki amplification ki te otinga putorino mäminga o te konutai magnesium me te konurehu pūhaumāota. Ka taea te mahi te werohanga ki te hohonu o te 20 m. pinepine tae te whakatö waterglass pūtoro kotahi mita tapawha. Ko te whai hua tino engari ano te ara tino utu ki te riro tenei. Iti te taimaha motuhake o te oneone, kia rite ki kua whakahuatia, korero reira e pā ana ki te ihirangi o matūriki waro i roto i reira. kia i roto i ētahi wā ano hoki e rahi roa'tu, te hanganga taua silicification.

Whakatauritea te utu o whakakapi me te whakarei ake oneone

O te akoranga, te mahi amplification he iti whakauru whenua ki tonu i. No te whakarite, kia tātai o te nui o e utu reira te hanga o te oneone kirikiri tāwhaiwhai i runga i te 1 m ^3. Tīpakohia te whenua ki tetahi mita pūtoru o wāhi ka utu e pā ana ki 7 USD utu kohatu mongamonga he $ 10 ia 1 m ^3. Ko te kupu, ka utu i te whakakapinga o te whenua ngohengohe 7 USD te hikinga me 7 USD mo neke kirikiri, me $ 10 hoki ia kirikiri. Tapeke 24 USD Te whakapakari i te oneone utu 10-12 USD, i te mea e rua nga wa iti.

Mai i tenei katoa ka taea e tatou te utu i te mutunga ohie. I roto i te kaupapa e te whenua i runga i te wāhanga ngoikore, whiriwhiri ki te hanga i te whare wahi atu. Ki te kore te mea taea tenei e hiahia ana koe ki te whakaaro i te kōwhiringa o te whakatū i tētahi whare i runga i poutoti. E kawea te whakapakari me te whakakapinga o te oneone i anake rite te parepare whakamutunga. I roto i te whakatau i te hiahia mō te tukanga taua kia arata'ihia e te Katikati me GOST. Primers, Kei te tautuhi hoki whakarōpūtanga paerewa, rahi roa'tu, e tika ana ki o ratou tikanga ngā hanganga.