ZR: production i roto i Russia

Zirconium i roto i te puka tuatahi ko te whakarewa ma hiriwa, ai taua āhuatanga āhuatanga rite te waikura resistance me te plasticity. I roto i te natura, he reira tino noa, engari ano hoki rawa marara. Ko tōna putunga nui tonu e kore kua kitea. Hoki te wā tuatahi te taea o te oraraa o tenei iwi whakarewa ako i roto i 1789, ka he kēmihi M. Klaproth i roto i te ako o te waikura kohuke zircon aitua whakatuwheratia reira. I roto i te puka parakore, i whiwhi ai tenei whakarewa i anake i roto i te tau 1925 zirconium I roto i te ao hou, i te mea production whānui, whakamahia i roto i ngā ahumahi. O te akoranga, whai wāhi i roto i te whakangao me te maha hinonga kāinga.

whakaahuatanga whānui

āhuatanga rerekē - ko reira te mea te matua i whakaritea e te uara ahumahi o te taua whakarewa āhua onge pērā i zirconium. Ko painga ki te ōhanga motu i roto i tona production:

1. tohu High o ātete matū. e kore e te waikawa pūmāota i runga i te whakarewa hua tino kahore pānga, me tauhohe reira ki te pungatara anake, no te kore te mea tona kukū iti iho i te 50%, me te pāmahana o runga 100 nekehanga.

2. Ko te kaha ki te tahu i roto i te rangi ki tata kahore paowa au paitini ranei. Māhorahora whakakā zirconium (o te tino pai) kia i te pāmahana o 250 C.

3. inertness Biological. Zirconium e tino kore pānga kino i runga i te tangata ranei kararehe. Hua, anga ke ki te whakapono rongonui, ko, kāore, ano kahore e taea e kore e kawea mai te reira.

Tino rongonui i roto i te ahumahi, ko te kore anake te te whakarewa, engari ano hoki tona hononga. Mineral zircon, mo te tauira, he pakeke tiketike rawa, me te reka umeraa adamantine. Na reira, i ētahi wā whakamahia ai hei whakakapinga cheap mō te taimana. Heoi, i roto i nga tau tata nei i roto i te whakapaipai zircon whakamahia te iti me te iti. I tēnei wā atu whakataruna taimana hanga o zirconia pūtoru (zirconium hāorarua, tāwhaiwhai).

te wahi e whakamahia

zirconium hanga ki te rā - tetahi o nga wāhi tino nui o te ahumahi maitai. Ahakoa te whakamahia te reira i roto i maha ngā wāhi o te ōhanga (hei tauira, mo te hanga o mea hauora ranei pūrere pyrotechnic), atu pinepine te whakamahia reira te taua katoa i roto i te reactors mana wai-matao o i tipu te mana karihi.

rauemi Raw mō te hanga

hautanga Mass o zirconium i kirinuku o te whenua e tika ana ki tona ngaro-mana'o faufaa, kāore, kua kore ano i whakapumautia. Scientists whakatau tata kia waiho ai 170-250 karamu ia ton. Mau zircon nga kohuke ratou i roto i te natura, i reira e maha. I te kau, e mohio ana pūtaiao e pā ana ki 40-momo. Heoi, ko te tino noa whakamahia ko tonu anake te whai ake rauemi raw mo te hanga o te zirconium:

• baddeleyite;

• eudialite;

• Zircon.

putunga nui o zircon i te ao, rite whakahuatia, e kore e tīari. I roto i Russia, i reira e he torutoru noa putunga iti o taua kohuke. Kei te keri ano ratou i roto i nga whenua pērā i te USA, India, Brazil ko Ahitereiria. Ko te noa tino o te kohuke katoa whakamahia mo te takanga o te zirconium ko, o te akoranga, zircon (ZrSiO4). I roto i te nuinga o te wā, kua haere tahi ai i te āhua o te hafnium.

production zirconium i roto i Russia: āhuatanga

I roto i Russia, kei te mahi i tēnei wā te tuku o tenei whakarewa i roto i te kotahi kamupene kotahi - Chepetsk Mechanical Plant, kei roto i Glazov (Udmurtia). i hanga tona toa tuatahi i te timatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Na roto i te 1942, tae te whakato kaha tonu. I konei te nuinga hua cartridges. I roto i te tau 1946 puta ke te kamupene i roto i te hanga o te wheketere konukarihi whakarewa. I muri mai (i roto i te tau 1957) i reira ka anga ki te whakaputa i zirconium, a ka nga konganuku superconducting, konupūmā me te Titanium. I teie mahana, Ko tetahi wahi o te TVEL Corporation, he rangatira ao i roto i te hanga o te wahie karihi te whakato. Investment i roto i te hanga o te zirconium i roto i te CMP e TVEL pirioni o moni ia tau. I teie mahana, te kai whakato ki te mākete kāinga me te ao zirconium:

• tutaki;

• tutaki;

• putorino;

• waea;

• pepa;

• wāhanga mō te hahi wahie me huānga wahie.

Hoki hua Chepetsky tipu aunoa i tenei taonga whakarewa.

Tukatuka me te faaineineraa o rongoā waikawa raw

Zirconium, tona production - he tukanga matatini, ko tino utu te whakarewa. Te hanga i te reira tīmata ki horoi i whakaora i ngā putunga, haora. Processing rauemi raw te tikanga tā te whai i ēnei:

• tikanga haamaitairaa tō;

• horoi kareti whiwhi wehenga hiko, me te autō;

• whāwehe kareti i te chlorination hononga ki te konutai waihā konurehu fluorosilicate ranei, sintering o te kotakota;

• te wīra ki te wai ki te tango pūhui silicon;

• toenga whāwehe o te waikawa pungatara pūmāota ranei ki te hanga i ngāwhā oxychloride ranei.

fluorosilicate tukinotia Spec ki te wai whakawaikawa ki whakawera. I muri te meangiti i te otinga hua o te pāhare pāporo fluorozirconate tohaina.

hononga

Zirconium production muri taahiraa ko ki te whiwhi ona pūhui i rongoā waikawa. Ka taea te whakamahi hoki tenei whakaaro i te hangarau e whai ake:

• whātioatanga o zirconium oxychloride i te whakaetonga o rongoā waikawa pūmāota;

• ngā rerenga hydrolytic o Ngā pūkawa;

• whātioatanga o zirconium pūkawa.

Tangohanga o hafnium

Zirconium, tika me wehea production hangarau i roto i Russia (rite, te mea, wāhi kē i roto i te ao) e uaua rawa e tenei poke. kia whakamahia ai hoki purenga o hafnium whakarewa:

• whātioatanga hautanga K2ZrF6;

• tangohanga whakarewa;

• tetrachloride whakaiti whiriwhiri (HfCl4 me ZrCl4).

Ka rite ki te whakarewa rite ano

He rerekē ngā tikanga zirconium Production. I roto i te ahumahi, kia whakamahia ai te whakarewa:

• rite te puehu hautai ranei;

• kiato ngohengohe;

• tohu tiketike o te viivii.

I te wā tuatahi riro nga umanga korakora zirconium. Production o ona hangarau ngā ohie. Kei te hanga te reira e te whakaiti metallothermic. Hoki te pūhau ki konutai konupora ranei e whakamahia, me mo te ōkai - konupūmā hydride. paura zirconium -hiko rite i te pūhau whakarewa alkali. Kei te nuinga o te wā aki rauemi kupu hua. I tua atu, kei te whakamahia te reira mo te hiko oumu pewa kōngohe zirconium. Last i roto i te wā whakamutunga i raro te ki irahiko kurupae rewa. Ko te hua ko te zirconium ngakau ma tiketike. Kei te whakamahia te reira i matua i roto i reactors karihi.

Zirconia: ratonga production hangarau me te whakamahi

Tenei Ko tetahi o te rongonui tino i roto i te ahumahi, me te pūhui zirconium ōhanga motu. I roto i te natura puta reira rite te baddeleyite kohuke. tohu te reira i zirconia paura, tioata ma ki te kauruku hina kowhai ranei. Ka taea te hangaia te reira, hei tauira, te whakamahi i te tukanga o te para konutawa. I te wa ano e rite ana te rauemi raw whakamahia e tītipi zirconium whakarewa tikanga. Hāngai i roto i te hanga o okouku zirconia (tae atu i roto i te mara o prosthetics), pūrere rama, me refractories, i roto i te pechestroitelstve me te t. D.

Rahui o zircon i roto i te Russian Federation

zirconium production i roto i Russia he taea, o te akoranga, anake e tika ana ki te aroaro i runga i tona rohe o ona putunga. Ka rāhui Ore tenei rōpū i roto i Russia (rite ki ao) ko makona nui. I reira i reira e 11 taua mara i roto i Russia. Ko te tetahi wewete nui ko te Central, kei roto i te rohe Tambov. ngā wā i te mara tino whaihua Beshpagirskoe (Stavropol Territory), Kirsanov (Tambov rohe) me te Horde (Novosibirsk). Kei te whakapono te reira e te rāhui e wātea ana i roto i Russia zircons nui ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o te ahumahi te whenua o. Ko tēnei wā te pae hangarau tino pai te tāpui Te Tai Rāwhiti Central.

tatauranga

Ko te kupu, tenei tikanga mo tetahi whenua, tae atu ki Russia, he mea tino nui - zirconium production. hokohoko hangarau he matatini reira, engari tona tuku - he reira i roto i tetahi take nui atu i tika. I te kau, zirconium he anake nga konganuku, whakaputa me te kohi rōrahi onge e rau o nga mano o taranata. Russia mo ona whenua rāhui runga wha i roto i te ao. Ko te tino rerekē i ki waho hanganga, me te kounga rauemi turanga o te zirconium i roto i to tatou whenua. Neke atu i te 50% o te ore i roto i te rōpū e pā ana ki te granite kawakore RF, 35% - ki rutile-zircon me ilmenite placers 14% - i kamaforitami baddeleyite. Abroad, kua hāngai tata katoa rakau o taua kohuke i roto i ngā wāhi takutai.

hei utu o te mutunga

Na ngā matou i roto i pehea ki te whakaputa zirconium i Russia. I runga i te mākete ao i teie mahana, kāore, i reira kua tino he kaimahi whakapeka o tenei whakarewa. Na reira, whakawhirinaki i runga i ona kawemai Russian kore he e tika ana. Na reira, he mea e tika ana ki te aro mōrahi ki te whanaketanga o ona ake putunga. I te wa ano ki te whakapakari i te turanga rauemi o zirconium i roto i te Russian Federation kia whakahaere hoki te whanaketanga o te hangarau tino pai mo te whakamahi o tangohia rauemi mata.