Agriculture: oilseeds. ahurea Russian Shrovetide

Keke a me hua noho he wahi motuhake i roto i te ahuwhenua i te rohe o te Russian Federation. Te ngako, e kua ahu mai i to ratou purapura me hua, he o uara ngā.

Oilseeds: rārangi o ngā tipu

E whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi kai whakatokanga hoki, hei tetahi o matua rauemi mata o te ahuwhenua. Te ahurea Shrovetide Russian tino noa - rape, pua nani, meatia, Katoro, putirā. Kei hoki te rārangi perilla, lallemantia, hēhami, safflower, pīnati me te tini ke atu. Processing hua hinu ko tetahi o nga ahunga matua o Ahu Matua.

putirā

Matua ia te rārangi, e he hakari hua mara Pancake. Putiputirā i runga i te rohe motu ka anga ki te ngaki i te rau tau waenganui-18. Ki tenei taime i faataahia oilseeds horahia ngā wāhi Kuban, Saratov ko Voronezh. Na roto i te timatanga o te putirā Tuarua o te Ao nohoia e pā ana ki 3 miriona. Ha. Ka taea te kï nui te whanaketanga o tenei tipu i roto i Bulgaria, Hungary me Romania.

raraunga tauanga i runga i te Russian Federation

Ko te tukua pea o putirā ko e pā ana ki 4-5 taranata ia heketea. I roto i 2011, i roto i te kuputohu rohe Southern 14.5 c / ha, a i roto i te Täingäwai - 10.7 c / ha. Farms hua e pā ana ki 27% o te ahurea. Ko te take matua e te tukua iti me disorders agronomic hurihanga tikanga māra. Me kore ko te pānga faufaa whakamutunga o pirinoa, mate me pests tenei. Heoi, putirā - te tino-utu whai hua, nui-hinu hua. I 2006-2010 ko te wahi o tona hua e pā ana ki 12%. I roto i nga tohu noa o te hanga putirā hua hinu ka mau 80%. I roto i te wā Soviet i whakapono ai e tutuki te heketea ruingahae oti te nuinga ki 0.5-1 pī whānau. Na roto i te whakatau tata i te 70 wawe honi hua i i 16.3-3.5 kg / ha. Mai taua wa tino nui haere te rārangi o hybrids me ngā momo o te putirā tupu i roto i Russia.

uara kai tōtika o te putirā

kaimahi te hinu rite te tikanga tukatuka hua tuatahi. I tua atu kua whiwhi i te reira i te kai taha putirā momo. Hei tauira, he uara kotahi ko te whakamahi o te tipu kakau i te ahumahi penupenu. tapaea ratou te tikanga o 40-48% o te cellulose. I tua atu, kei te whakamahia i horahorangia e putirā i te hanga o te papa muka. tipu whānui i roto i te ahuwhenua - te whakamahia te reira rite te hua kai. I roto i te mutunga maroke o te raumati i te whakatō hua reira papatipu matomato whiwhi te. Ia, i roto i te tahuri, te whakamahia ki te hanga matie.

harakeke keke a

Kei te horapa te nuinga i roto i te rohe maroke, me te mahana. I roto i ngā, tupu te ahurea i roto i te Western, Central ko Tonga Asia, Tonga, Te Tai Tokerau, me te Central America. Aita i maoro a'e tū he momo o ngā ki te tautuhi i te whai huanga o tona māra i roto i Central Europe. Keke a harakeke ko te tipu iti branched. tupu te reira i runga ki te 50-80 cm., Tei runga te maha o manga hanga wāhi rerekē i te 2 ki te 10 me te ake. hinu harakeke whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi kai. I tua atu, tavini te reira rite he rauemi raw mo te peita me te hiako, me te ahumahi hū. keke harakeke he uara nui kai, me te te whakamahia i roto i te faaineineraa i te kai kareti mō kararehe miraka. Ko reira reira pūmua, te muka me te hinu. keke rinena tino ngāwari digested kararehe. wāhanga matūkai Nā reira reira, te whakanui ake i loto, te whakanui ake i te ōrau o te ngako i roto i te waiu. Ka taea te whakamahi kakau harakeke i roto i te hanga o te tuhituhi pepa. Ano hoki, i tenei hua hinu whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi ho'oraa.

Rawa te maara o te harakeke

I mua i te revolution i roto i Russia i rawa tahito tukatuka o tenei tikanga. Anake i roto i te wā Soviet i roto i nga pāmu kāwanatanga me ngā i taea ki te whakapiki ake i kai. Kua tutuki tenei e te whakamahi o te mechanization. uwhi te nuinga reo, kahore kouru i te turanga, engari he manga i te kakau waenganui. I roto i nga tau tata nei, i te muka harakeke e whakamahia ana ki te whakaputa i pepa cottonization ranei. Ko te tino noa tenei hanga i roto i Amerika. Kakau Shrovetide muka te tikanga atu kaha atu i te pōtaka, a ka kua te reira i te muka iti.

pua nani ma

haere mai tenei hua hinu i te Mediterranean, Eastern India ko Western Europe. Mai nga wa onamata, whakamahia te pua nani te rite te otaota rongoa me kakara. Ka rite ki oilseeds i whakamahia ai tata. Ahakoa te meka e no reira ki te māra Yarov, te mea he iti tohatoha. I roto i te tekau tau tata nei, mahi pua nani hei hua kai takawaenga.

meatia

Ko te otaota ā-tau tenei o nga ngā rekiumu utuafare. I roto i te meatia pakiaka huakita motuhake reira, e tika ana ki i kawea te faafariuraa te hauota roto i te taiao. pūmua soy taonga (40-45%), ngako (20%), warowaihā (30%). Kei reira hoki ngā huānga kohuke (e pā ana ki 5-6%). I roto i te pūmua me te amino waikawa hanganga o te huinga o te meatia whakaaro ko te orotahi tata ki te kai kararehe. Kei te tipu haere tonu hokohoko tipu. Na, ko reira i te taumata o 156,5 miriona. Taranata. Nui tenei ahua te whika mo 1991-1995, 30% o te tau 1998.

meatia tipu rohe

I roto i te Russia tenei ra e pā ana ki 280 taranata o pini ia tau. Kei te whakamahia te nuinga o ratou mo ngā take kai. Ko te meatia tipu ngā wāhi matua:

1. Te Tai Tokerau Caucasus, Rostov rohe., Krasnodar rohe Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia. He Kei pā ana ki 9.6%, ka kawea māra i roto i neke atu i te 13% tukua kerekere.
2. Tawhiti Te Tai Rāwhiti (Amur Region., Khabarovsk ko Primorsky Krai). I roto i tenei rohe, i reira he neke atu i te 88% o kai. Ratio tukua matotoru o ET ko 86% o te whenua.
3. Eastern ko Western Siberia, Ural me Täingäwai rohe. He te Kei āhua whakamana 1.5% o hua kei te me te tikanga o te 1% tukua kerekere.

pīnati

i kawemai tenei hua hinu i Turkey i 1792. I te 1825 whakamātau tuatahi ki te acclimate i roto i pīnati Odessa i tangohia. I teie mahana, tupu i roto i ngā wāhi iti e te tipu i roto i te lepupilika o te Caucasus me Central Asia. E ngakia pīnati ki te whakaputa i te hinu kai i ona purapura. Ko te wahi o te hua kiia hoki e pā ana ki 53% o te katoa. Ko te taumata o te pūmua i roto i pīnati, he reira iho ki te soy kotahi. Ko tētahi tone o purapura takere i toharite, i 226 ki te 317 kg o te hinu. Mua roa, whakamahia tenei hua i roto i rare me te kēna ahumahi. Kei te whakamahia te purapura pīnati paräoa rite tāpiritanga i roto i te hanga o te tiakarete. Kei te whakamahia tihi me bagasse rite pewa te mo kararehe. Ko reira ki runga ki te 11% pūmua te kai ma nga kararehe. Na roto i tona uara kai tōtika e kore he iho tihi clover me te alfalfa. E tupu momo motuhake hoki te ahumahi kai. E ratou hā pīni. E kai ana te purapura pahuhu o ngā momo o te kai, mongamonga whakamahia rite tāpiritanga mō ngā hua rare.