Āhuatanga aahuatanga, whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga aahuatanga

Ko te kupu "aahuatanga" (i te Kariki - biotikos) whakamāoritanga ki te ora. He mea nui ki te ariā o "tauwehe aahuatanga". I roto i te puka tino whānui o tenei kāwai SF tohu te huinga o tikanga me ngā tawhā taiao e tika pā i te mahi faufaa o kaiao ora. Ko te pūtaiao Soviet rongonui me te kaimātai kararehe VN Beklemishev whakarōpūtia āhuatanga taiao aahuatanga katoa ki ngā rōpū matua e whā:

- āhuatanga wā - te hunga e pā ana ki ngā huringa i roto i te taiao ano;

- arataukai - ko nga āhuatanga e tohu nga tikanga o kaiao kai enei;

- fabricheskie - āhuatanga characterizing fabricheskie kōrero i roto i nei tetahi momo o rauropi whakamahi tetahi momo kaiao (ranei wahi ona ranei hua pūkoro) rite te rauemi hanga;

- foricheskie - e pā ana ki te kaupapa o te rauropi o tetahi ahua o kaiao o tetahi momo.

Tikanga, te mahi o nga āhuatanga whakaaro whakakitea rite taunekeneke o te rauropi i roto i te reo, me te mana e ia faaitoito ratou i runga i ia atu. He faaiteraa nui o te mahi tauwehe aahuatanga ko te ara tahi katoa pā kaiao te taiao. Ana tēnei pānga te atu, matatau tonu whakaahua aahuatanga āhuatanga taiao.

I roto i te huinga o ngā taunekeneke o te rauropi, saturating taiao, ko reira te hononga e taea te wehea ki hāngai, me te autaki. I tua atu, i te whanaunga rongonui intraspecific me interspecific. I roto i te take tuatahi, whakaaro tatou te pāhekoheko me ona mau hopearaa i roto i te i te mau melo o tetahi momo, e kua āhuatanga e whakataetae intraspecific me rōpū pānga me ari papatipu. hononga Interspecies, rite ki te tikanga, he tino kanorau, me te whakaata i te tino whānui o taunekeneke ngā. Ēnei whanaunga, no te mea o ratou kanorau, kua whakarōpūtia ki enei momo:

- tiaraa amui ore - i tenei momo o te hononga i roto i nei te take aahuatanga whakatau he kūpapa rawa (e kore kawea tetahi painga kino ranei) te pāhekoheko o te rauropi;

- sinoykiya - tenei momo o te hononga, i roto i nei te māngai o tetahi momo o kaiao whakamahi tetahi hoki e whakarākai to ratou mau fare, kahore hoatu he kino motuhake. Kei te karanga a hoki tenei momo kvartirantstvom cohabiting ranei;

- Competition - ko pono tenei hononga pato'ito'ii e puta i waenganui i ngā kaiao i roto i te wāhi noho motuhake me te taunekeneke ki tetahi ki tetahi me ki taua taiao. He he he pakanga tika mo "he wahi i raro i te ra", mo te kai, whakaruru, me ētahi atu rauemi;

- kotahitanga - te momo o te whanaungatanga interspecific i roto i nei ai anake "whaihua" te tauwehe aahuatanga tahi-oraraa o kaiao;

- protocooperation Ko te momo o te hononga i roto i nei te tinana, i te iti rawa hoki etahi wa, ka taea e ora i waho ia atu, kahore rawa nui te kino ki tona oraraa;

- i Commensalism take aahuatanga whakarato he pāhekoheko taua o te rauropi i roto i nei whakamahi tetahi o ratou te rerekē rite te whare, kahore hei he nui. kia hanga tētahi tauira te huakita hakari i roto i tau nui i roto i te wahi gastrointestinal o te tangata;

- amensalizm - momo hononga interspecific, āhuatanga e te pāhekoheko taua, ai te kino i meinga e tetahi kaiao ki tetahi, ko reira tau'a ore;

- he momo o te hononga i roto i nei kaiao ora i te utu o ētahi atu rauropi e te hunga kino ki te whakamutunga, ka karanga te pirinoatanga;

- te konihitanga.

Ka rite ki te tikanga, nga mea katoa o te whanaungatanga pato'ito'ii whakarite te tiaki o taupori momo, me te mau tonu o ratou taupori.