Andrey Vezaly me tona whai ki te rongoa

Andrey Vezaly - kaiwhakarewa o anatomy pūtaiao. Tona pukapuka nui De humini corporus pūrere, whakapumautia i roto i 1543, ko te anatomy tino whakaahua tuatahi o te tinana tangata. I hāngai te reira i runga i te kitenga o pūtaiao, i hanga e ia ki te kuwaha, a he maha nga mano o nga tau o hape whakakahore i tenei rohe o tohungatanga. Andrey Vezaly - he mataotao o te Renaissance. Ko ia he ahorangi o anatomy i te University o Padua me te tākuta o Tapu Roma Emperor Charles V.

Andrey Vezaly: he haurongo poto

I whanau Vesalius i 31 Hakihea 1514 i roto i Brussels. I taua wa, ko te pa te wahi o te Tapu Patireia o Roma. I teie mahana ko reira te whakapaipai o Belgium. Anaru, ko tetahi o ngā tamariki e wha - i ia rua teina, me te tuahine. Tona papa, Anders Van Wesel, ko kaiwhakaranu marae i Margaret o Austria. Mother, Isabel Crabbe, te whakatairanga i ngā tamariki i roto i te whare taonga, kei roto i te tata anō e tata ana te whare Koudenberg, te wahi mahi ia rite te papa tamaiti.

haere Vesalius ki te kura i roto i te ono tau. Pea, ko reira te kura e te hunga Katorika i roto i Brussels. Hoki 9 tau i taukei ia tauhanga, Latin me ētahi atu reo, me te tino ako te mau parau tumu o te haapa'oraa Katorika. i ngaro i runga i ohipa maha tona papa. A ki te tamaiti, ākina e tona whaea tangohia waewae o te popa, te painga tonu o te whare pukapuka pai-te kararehe o te whānau.

kāreti

I 15 tau, ka haere Andrey Vezaly ki te University o Louvain. I tū te reira i 30 kiromita ki te rawhiti o Brussels. Ko he momeniti o te whakapehapeha whānau: i riria mai tona papa ki te whiwhi i te mātauranga teitei, mai kore ia i whanau i roto i te faaipoiporaa. Pehea, ako reira, i meinga ai Vesalius koe ki te reo Roma. Ia taukei ano te Hiperu ko Kariki. I muri te imiraa i te Kaiwhakaako o Arts i 1532, i uru ia ki te kura hauora whaimana i te University o Paris.

Paris Medical School

timata Andrey Vezaly ana akoranga hauora i roto i 1533, i te tau o 19 tau. mana nui i runga i te mahi o ngā ākonga pūmanawa i te rata Kariki onamata Klavdiya Galena, tuhituhia 1300 tau i mua i tutaki ia ratou. whakaaro ēnei haapiiraa i te parau mau tino, me te tino tika. i hanga te nuinga o nga kitenga kikokiko o Galen i te whakatuwheratanga o te kararehe, te nuinga makimaki, rite kihai i tukua ai i taua wa ki te tuaki iwi.

Andrey Vezaly hei anatomist au nui ki tona kaiwhakaako o te anatomy Guinteru Johann von Andernach, e whakamaoritia te tuhinga tawhito Kariki ki Latin Galen. Ka rite ki te rata Kariki onamata, whakaaro ia he wheako whaiaro me te kitea te o te ara pai ki te whiwhi mōhiotanga kikokiko. Te nuinga o autopsies tangata i whakahaere anake mo te whakaaro ki te haapapû ngā ākonga e tuhituhia katoa e Galen me Hipokeletisí ko te pono.

I roto i te whakaaturanga angamaheni o te putia te tākuta ki te hanga i nga motu, me te kaiako e tika ana, e noho ana teitei i runga i te tinana ranei, lau e ahau i roto i nga whitinga hāngai i mahi reo te onamata. Kaiāwhina āwhina te ākonga, tuhu ki te tinana kōrero. Mai kore e taea i roto i ngā tuhinga tawhito i tetahi hapa, kihai i whakaaetia ngā ākonga ki te ui pātai ranei aparau i te tuakitanga. Kei te nuinga o te wā mahi tautohetohe mātauranga ki te translation tika o mahi onamata, e kore e anatomy.

ko Guinter von Andernach he momo onge o te kaiako i roto i aua ra. tukua e ia ona ākonga ki te tuaki ia. Ahakoa whakahe i tenei mahi e te nuinga o ngä whare wänanga. Ka rite ki te tikanga, kawea ana e ia i roto i te tūpāpaku o te kino e mahi, a i whakaaro fakamā mo ki te iwi mātauranga mahi ki enei tauira iti.

Taranata Vesalius Guintera kia faahiahia e ui ia ki a ia ki te āwhina i ki te pukapuka i runga i anatomy galenovo Institutiones anatomicae. whakaputaina te mahi i roto i te 1536. Reira whakamoemiti Guinter tona ākonga-tau 21-tau: "Ko tenei he tangata taitamariki fafau he mohio tino o te rongoā, he matatau i roto i te reo Kariki, me te rawa ite i roto i te anatomy."

Louvain Medical School

i takoha Andrey Vezaly ki te waiho Paris i 1536, kia rite ki waenganui o France me te Tapu Patireia o Roma, ka whawhati i roto i te whawhai. ka hoki ia ki te Whare Wānanga o Louvain ki te whakaoti i ana akoranga hauora. Tona wheako i roto i te anatomy i hohoro mohio. I maoro i whakaakona Vesalius ki mau me te kōrero i runga i te tūpāpaku, ka mate noblewoman ohorere-tau 18-tau. Anatomy o taitamariki wahine i te wa ko te rarity. I whakaiti Vesalius i ite ore i o te taote, a ka mau i runga i te tūpāpaku.

Ahakoa te mōhio whakapeka o ratou wheako tipu, kihai i ano ia i hari ki tona mohio o anatomy tangata. te kitenga o Vesalius e kore e tuhinga neke atu i tetahi e reira e taea ki te whakaako. Na, a Anaru ki te wahi i raro tauārai ki te matauranga whakaturia e te ahorangi tawhito o te rongoā, e i hari ki te koropiko Galen me Hipokeletisí. Hoki te rangahau e hiahiatia ana e ia te tinana tangata.

Aita i maoro roa i muri i tona hokinga ki Louvain Andrey Vezaly me tona hoa i kitea he tinana tata oti o te taihara mahi i, mahue i roto i te tuwhera. he pai rawa ki te kia paheke reira atu Vauvauhia ha faingamālie. Taua po Vesalius snuck ki te tinana, kāhakina a dissected reira, hanga ana e ia he koiwi, ka te nei whakamahia rite te hoho'a. I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te whakaoho te māharahara, ka haere ake ia ki te kōrero i kawea mai ia i Paris. Na roto i whakaatu tūpāpaku mō ngā ākonga, ka Vesalius i Louvain te pūkenga ōpaki de märena i anatomy. I roto i te 1537, i tau 22, riro ia tohu o te bachelor i te mara o te rongoā.

Andrey Vezaly: he haurongo o te kaipūtaiao

hiahia te medic taitamariki ki te riro i te taote. Ki te mahi i tenei, e hiahiatia ana e ia ki te tiki i te tohu e hiahiatia ana. Ki taua mutunga, whakauru ia i te University o Padua i te raki Italy. Ahorangi hohoro mohio e ko Vesalius he ākonga tino. Tata tonu, tukua ratou ia ki te tika i te whakamātautau whakamutunga. Ko te tangata taitamariki mohio tika i roto i te wa mo te rua tekau-toru tona huritau riro tona tākutatanga. whiriwhiria e tonu ngā kaiako ia rite te orometua o te anatomy, me te pokanga.

Ka tuhituhi Andrey Vezaly ona mahi matua i roto i Padua. Na'á ne lāu'ilo lahi o te hiahia mō ngā whakairoiro me taonga ataata e taea tokoni ke mahino ākonga te anatomy ia. whakamahia ratou Vesalius i roto i te tūpāpaku. I te tuatahi o nga tau o tona ahorangitanga i roto i 1538-m, whakaputaina e ia Tabulae anatomicae sex -. «Ono nga tepu kikokiko" E haere tahi Visual whakaahua e tuhipoka e kua hanga i roto i tona whakatuwheratanga tūmatanui tuatahi i roto i Padua Andrey Vezaly. Whai wāhi ki te tinana o te kaiputaiao he whakakorekore. Ko te ate hoahoa whakaaro, matua me te pūnaha venous, me te kōhiwi. ka tino rongonui tonu te pukapuka. Te reira i wah tārua.

I roto i te 1539, i tautokona e te kaiwhakawa o Padua ako kikokiko o Vesalius. ka hiahia i roto i te mahi o pūtaiao ia, ka anga ka ki homai ia ki nga tinana o te kino e mahi mo te tuaki. Na roto i tenei wa, ka kitea Vesalius e ko hē te tinana o Galen. Heoi, notemea reira he refutation o whakaaro - ko reira uaua, me te tahi mau taime mōrearea. Ahakoa i roto i ngā tau tata nei maha rawa, whakaaro hou i ki te whawhai mo tona tika ki te tīariari, ara, ki te e tautoko ratou i te taunakitanga kaha. hoki i Vesalius ki te turaki i te whakaaro haratau i taea ana hoki 1,300 tau.

I roto i "ono nga tepu kikokiko" hei utu ki te whakaahua ratou kitenga i roto i te akoranga o te rangahau hou, ka haere te pūtaiao i runga i tuuraa ra iho. aroaro Andrey Vezaly te ate i roto i te puka wharekarakia - i roto i te puka o te puawai quintuple. tuhituhi e ia te ngakau, me te haoraora rite whakaahuatia e ratou Galen - enei nga tinana o makimaki, e kore te tangata. Heoi, i roto i te kōhiwi i taea ki te whakaputa i pāhoro, ahakoa huringa mohio ia. whakakitea Vezaliy kauae tangata, arā, o tetahi, nui atu i rua wheua rite kī Galen hē.

Reta i runga e totó ko

I tua atu ka mau ano, te paku-maunu Vesalius wahi i roto i te tautohe e pā ana ki venostomy e totó ko ranei. Kei te angamaheni tenei tikanga e whakamahia ana ki te hamani te hiki ranei nga tohu o tūroro. Tohe Doctors e pā ana ki te wahi ki te hanga i te rua kokoti - tata te pae o te whara ranei i te tawhiti i ia. muranga te tautohetohe ake no te mea kua okioki tākuta i runga i te translation Arabic o nga mahi o Galen - kihai i ana mahi taketake i roto i Kariki wātea i roto i Europe mai nga wa Roma. Heoi, ke te hinga o Constantinople te āhuatanga. Na ano e taea te ako te mahi o Galen i te taketake. Kua kitea Doctors e ko ētahi wā te kuputuhi Kariki i te aroaro ki te translation Arabic, i fana'o ratou mo na roa.

I roto i te 1539, i tau 24, tuhituhi Vesalius he pukapuka o e totó ko. E kore e mahi i runga i te taha o tetahi huringa pāhoro, takahi ano ia i te mahi tikanga whakaaetia, ki te kōrero e pā ana ki to ratou ake kitenga, nui atu i faahiti i te tuhinga matarohia. Kei te takoto Vesalius inaianei ki te rapu i te pono i runga i to ratou ake, hei utu mo o te ti'aturi i runga i te mahi o etahi atu.

Ko te putanga o te anatomy hou

I roto i te 1540, i tau 25, ka timata a Andrey Vezaly mahi i runga i te anatomy pukapuka kua whakaatatia De humini corporus pūrere ( «I te hanganga o te tinana tangata"). Tenei pukapuka ko tona mahi tino nui. I roto i 1543-m ka mau Vesalius he okiokinga hoki i te Whare Wānanga o Padua. haere ana ia ki Basel, Switzerland, ki te whakaoti i te faaineineraa o te pukapuka mō te whakaputanga.

"I runga i te hanganga o te tinana tangata" ko te rōrahi mahi faahiahia o 700 ngā whārangi i roto i te whitu buka. Ko tōna pānga ataata - neke atu i te 270 faahoho'araa whakaongaonga - ko reira nui. I roto i te rōrahi tuarua, hei tauira, te aroaro whakapakoko maere taipitopito o te iwi i roto i te raupapa o whakaahua e whakaatu ana i te hanganga apa-i-kahu uaua o te tinana. Ēnei tau pea riro te rongonui tino i roto i te hītori o whakapakoko rata.

He uaua ki te pe si◊aki te faufaa o te pukapuka, i tuhituhia e Andrey Vezaly. Takoha ki te rongoa i nui. I tua atu, i te hua ko te wā tino nui i roto i te aamu o te toi. Kia aroha mai, te ingoa o te kaitoi, e mahi nei ki te pūtaiao, noho unknown. I haere tahi te whakapakoko i te whakaahuatanga o te uaua.

Ehara i te mea maere e, homai te taonga o whakaahua me te rōrahi nui, ko te pukapuka te hoko utu. I te tikanga reira mo taote, whare pukapuka me aristocrats. Ite e kia ētahi hiahia i roto i tona mahi, tukua te kaituhi wā kotahi mahi, pukapuka atu wātea ki iti tānga huaina Epitome. Andrey Vezaly i roto i te "hoho'a tumu" o whakaahua e whakamahia ana mō ngā tinana toa atu he rota atu wahine, no te mea pea i nui nui atu i te wahine te tane o te kino e mahi.

ka pūrere te kaiwhakarewa o te pūtaiao hou o te anatomy tangata. Reira rave whawhati ki Galen me Hipokeletisí. Andrey Vezaly whakatuwhera ona hāngai anake i runga i te mea kei te mau kite i tūpāpaku, a kahore i runga i te mea e tika ana. Tenei ko etahi o ana tauākī:

• I te turanga o te ngakau e kore e whai wheua. Tona whakaahuatanga o Galen mau pā ki te wheua ngohe i te turanga o nga hata ngakau me ētahi atu kararehe, i ua haapuai rite te kirehe o te hoholo.
• Kei te whaturei o toru hei utu o e whitu nga wahi rite Galen kī, e hāngai ana i runga i makimaki tūpāpaku.
• E kore te mea maiengi te pakitara wehewehe o te ngakau. I roto i te reira i reira he kore rua.
• haamata vena cava Vienna i roto i te ngakau, me te kore i roto i te ate rite Galen kī.
• Kahore he tinana pērā i te mirabile rete - «plexus" pera ā semeio, e whakapae arahina i te ngakau ki te roro.
• Tangata me nga wahine i te maha rite o rara. E kore te te māngai o te sex kaha ngaro rara, rite i whakapono nuitia.
• Tangata me nga wahine i te taua maha o niho. kī hoki Galen e atu te mua e.

i tutaki te nuinga kaipānui o te pukapuka pai. Kua meinga te reira i te tohutoro i roto i te anatomists nui me rata. Heoi, whakawetiweti etahi tākuta me pūtaiao no te mea kua hanga e ratou o ratou mahi i runga i te mahi o Galen, a patua Vesalius.

Hei tauira, Yakob Silvy, whakaako nei Anaru i Paris, whakaahuatia tona ākonga mua rite calumniator whakakake, me te kuware e tinihanga patua tona kaiwhakaako ki te teka kaitaua, distorting runga me mo ano te pono o te natura. Ka mea tenei, kia whai kupu ia utu tona akonga, ko wai mua i mea e tikanga whakaako Sylvia, ko ki te titiro i te tinana o te ngeru me te kuri hei utu o iwi e kore e taea e ki te arahi ki te ahunga whakamua i roto i te pūtaiao o te anatomy tangata nei.

hoatu hoki Andrey Vezaly 'I te hanganga o te tinana tangata "whakatapua ki te Hiha Charles V. ia ia he tārua o te motuhake tāngia i runga pukapuka. He tama Epitome Vesalius oti rawa Charles - Prince Piripi.

tākuta marae

A, no te kitenga o te kingi i te pukapuka, ko tona kaituhi ko Andrey Vezaly, te haurongo o te kaipūtaiao hanga i tetahi atu tahuri - i whakaritea e ia tākuta o te whānau o te emepaea. rihaina ia rite te ahorangi i Padua, hoko i te rima o whare māngai Vesalius, nei i roto i te mahi o te marae. Ka rite ki rata-rata, i ia ki te mahi i roto i te ope. A, no te timata te whawhai, i tonoa Vesalius ki te parekura rite te tākuta. Taunga ki te mahi ki tinana mate, ka takatakahi ia ki te hapai i tūroro ora. He tākuta mātanga Daza Chacón awhinatia ia ako pehea ki te mahi i hohoro te tapuhia.

Winter 1543 ka haere Vesalius ki Itari ki te mahi i roto i te ruma wāwāhi, a ka i roto i te puna o 1544 ka hoki tuatahi te ki te whawhai. riro ia te tākuta pai. Ko tētahi o nga mau ohipa o te marae Vesalius i whakapakokotia tinana o rangatira taonga, e mate i roto i te whawhai. tukua tenei ki a ia kia rangahau kikokiko atu, tangohia ngā kōrero, me te hanga ngā kitenga.

kua i roto i te waenganui o 1544 kua whakaaturia reira te ao. Na Andrey Vezaly, taote, hoki ki te tiaki o te emepera, me tona marae i roto i te taiao maitai atu. tonu tona ingoa ki te tupu rite riro ia pukapuka i ngā tākuta puta noa Europe ki te hoatu tohutohu i roto i te wā uaua tino.

I roto i te 1556, Emperor Charles V tukua kaha ki tana tama a Piripi. I roto i te mauruuru, Vesalius, e tahuri 41 tau, mo tona mahi pono, homai Charles ia he penihana ora me te taitara kahurangi o te Tatau-Palatine. tonu rata Kooti ki te mahi, inaianei i roto i te mahi o Piripi.

manene

haere tahi Andrey Vezaly Piripi i Madrid, engari i reira kihai i ia pārekareka te ora. tākuta Spanish hamani mate, te ti'aturi i runga i te nekehanga o te aorangi. i araia tuakitanga o tinana tangata. Te reira i katoa te titiro pai ki muri. I tua atu, kua manakohia nei Piripi te maimoatanga hauora tuku iho, e kore hou pūtaiao. ka mārama Vesalius e kore ia e meinga te tino rata o te rangatira.

I roto i te 1561, he ahorangi o te anatomy Gabriele kākano, e puritia te wahi mua o Anaru i te University o Padua, tonoa ia he tārua o te pukapuka tuhituhi huaina e ia Observationes Anatomicae. I roto i te reira mea ia, "I runga i te hanganga o te tinana tangata", he kokirihanga hoa i roto i te tahi mau rerekētanga i waenganui i te mahi o Vesalius me tona ake kitenga i muri. Ia i hanga ano e reira mārama e te tino mate.

I roto i te 1564 ka mate kākano. ka wātea Tari o anatomy i Padua. I roto i te taua tau i mahue Vesalius Spain, haere i runga i te manene ki Hiruharama. titau Various puna Whatahoro i tonoa e ia ki te hanga i te manene kia rite ki te tohu o te ripeneta e Piripi. Ko te Emperor mahara hanga tenei whakatau i muri i korerotia te whānau pai i te tinana o te pāhoro i roto i te Spanish whakataki tūpāpaku rangatira nui ratou kei te patu tonu tona ngakau.

hāngai ana enei pūrongo katoa e i runga i te pūtake kotahi - he pukapuka, ki te whakapae i tuhituhia i roto i te 1565 e te kiri takawaenga Hubert. Ko reira pea ki te kua i fabricated i roto i te 50 tau i muri i te matenga o te anatomist. Andrey Vezaly, nei haurongo kore e haaviiviihia e taua meka (tuhinga tuatahi whakau i te utu ki a ia, kahore), pea ka haere ki te taea ki te manene, ki te waiho noa a Piripi marae i roto i Spain, a ka hoki mai ki a Padua.

te ora Whaiaro me te mate

I roto i te 1544 marenatia Vesalius te tamahine o te tauturu taonga i roto i Brussels - Anne Van Hamme. a ratou tetahi tamaiti, he kotiro, i whanau nei i roto i te 1545. ingoa ngā mātua ia Anna. noho tahi te whānau te nuinga o te wā. Otira ka eke Vesalius i runga i tona manene ki Hiruharama, ka hoki tana wahine, me te tamahine ki Brussels.

ka te pūtaiao ki Hiruharama, i reira riro ia he pukapuka fakaafe ki te heamana o te anatomy, me te pokanga i te University o Padua. Kia aroha mai, Andrey Vezaly, he haurongo poto i fakamamahi i haukotia, e kore hoki ki a Padua. Tona haere i Hiruharama i kino e vero tutu. E te wa tae te kaipuke te whanga i runga i te motu o Zakynthos Kariki, ko tino mate Vesalius. mate ia i te torutoru nga ra i muri mai. Andrey Vezaly, te kaiwhakarewa o anatomy pūtaiao, kua mate i te tau o 49 tau. A Oketopa 15, 1564. Kei tanumia ia i roto i Zakynthos.