Alkadienes - he māngai angamaheni o waiwaro hamanga

Waiwaro tahi, ngā waiwaro rua, alkynes, alkadienes o te tātai i rerekē i roto i te maha o ngā ngota hauwai e waiwaro. A feruri i te āhuatanga o te piha haapiiraa ia, te momo o te hybridization, āhuatanga āhuatanga.

paraffins

waiwaro kukū i te tātai C _n H _2n whānui _{+ 2.} Ratou here katoa i waenganui i ngā ngota hauwai me te waro kotahi. Ki te i roto i te tauhohenga wehe kotahi hauwai, kua tahuri waiwaro tahi ki te matūriki hohe - tuwhena. Ko nga mema o te tuatahi o tenei raupapa matū haurehu waihā e he torutoru wairewa i roto i te wai.

Ki te hua i roto i te maha waro o te memehatanga heke i roto i te mekameka matua, me nga waiwaro haere ki te āhua whakahiato totoka i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa.

I roto i te āhuatanga matū nui tūturu i roto i te māngai o tenei piha haapiiraa, te wehewehe tatou whakauru. Nā ki te meka i kukū kōrero katoa, hononga hoki waiwaro tahi uncharacteristically. Ka rite ki ētahi atu matū organic katoa, ariu waiwaro tahi ki te hāora (parariraa), ka rite ki te hua o nei tukua pūngao te. Kei te pauwera, whakamahia tenei tukanga i roto i te hanga mō te para wāhi noho, me te ahumahi.

cycloalkanes

Ko te āhuatanga o tenei piha haapiiraa o ngā rāpoi ngota ko te aroaro o te hanganga kati. Ko o te puka C _n H _2n te tātai whānui o taua _waiwaro. Homai te hanganga ngā o te piha haapiiraa, e āhuatanga ratou e te tauhohenga whakauru i te mekameka taha, me hauwai tua atu, haere tahi nei i te huringa whakangaromanga.

waiwaro rua

I roto i te raupapa huirua o te ture whānui o te ethylene kua te _2n puka C _n H _{+ 2.} Ko te āhuatanga motuhake o te waiwaro (naphthenes) ngā te aroaro o te here rua i waenganui i nga ngota waro. i hanga pi-here te tika ki te īnaki o te rua kākano-kore p-orbitals i runga i ngota waro pātata.

whakatau te reira i te aroaro e kore anake o momo waro hybridization i roto i ngā waiwaro rua, engari ano hoki nga āhuatanga matū āhuatanga o ngā mema katoa o tenei piha o ngā pūhui matū waro. tauhohenga kounga mō te unsaturation here (rua) ka discoloration wai pūkeha.

Ko te tauhohenga o te wāhinga o te here rua hono i te rāpoi ngota āwheo waiwaro rua. I tua atu ki tauhohe i rawe ki āhuatanga o tenei raupapa huirua, ka pā hoki discoloration pāhare.

I roto i te āhuatanga o te ethylene me ona homologues tika ki te tīpako me te tahi atu momo o tauhohe tua. I roto i te hydrogenation (tauhohe ki hauwai), te hanganga o te waiwaro tahi hāngai. Hydration (ki te wai) me gidrogalogenirovanie (hauwai kōnakonako muingota) puta i ngā waiwaro rua hamanga e Markovnikov tikanga.

Ko tōna ngako takoto i roto i te meka e ka hono i te waiwaro rua nesimmetrichnmou (kōrero kāwanatanga 1) ngā rāpoi ngota o te wai hauwai ranei kōnakonako wāhinga o te here rua. Hauwai e tapiritia ki te pāhekoheko o te hydrogenated (hauwai kukū) waro ngota, me gidroksogrupp kōnakonako ranei piri ki N. i te iti rawa hydrogenated

I tua atu i te tāpiri ki te ethylene me āhuatanga e te tauhohenga polymerization ona homologues. Mai i te waetahi kararehe iti hanga rāpoi ngota polymer nui arā, o ngā waeine hanganga ōrite. Kei te whakamahia whānuitia Polymerization i roto i te ahumahi matū mo te whanaketanga o kirihou hou.

alkadienes

Hoki te tīmatanga, alkadienes - he waiwaro hamanga he tātai whānui C _n H _{2n + 2.} He he he tetahi rite i waenganui i nga māngai o te raupapa huirua ki ngā waiwaro rua. Mai alkadienes - ko reira waiwaro hamanga, hoki e āhuatanga hoki ratou e te tauhohenga tua.

Ko te rerekētanga ko e i roto i te dienes he rua here rua hamanga, kia hoki rironga tonu rapu i te taikaha o te wai pūkeha, hauwai, te wai, hauwai kōnakonako.

Māngai o etahi o te propadiene me tomo ki te tauhohenga polymerization. Products whiwhi i roto i tēnei tauhohenga te whakamahia mo te hanga o te rapa waihanga, rapa hanga. Mai alkadienes - he matū hamanga tauhohenga kounga mo ratou faaotiraa e discoloration pāhare me te wai pūkeha. Alkadienes raupapa huirua e haamata ki propadiene, he wai totoka ranei.

I roto i nga tono o te māngai o tenei piha tohatoha te hanga o ngā rauemi polymeric.

alkynes

I roto i te raupapa huirua tātai whānui acetylene he C _n H _2n-2. Ki te alkadienes - he taonga titoa e te o rua here rua, mo te āhuatanga te waiwaro toru e te here, takitoru. tauhohenga kounga ki te here reatoru o alkynes mo hangarite ngā huaina ki ngā māngai o tenei piha o pūhui matatini - waihā hiriwa tiamine (1). Ko te pāhekoheko o te tote i hanga - acetylide hiriwa.

Māngai o tenei raupapa huirua he poinanaha interclass o alkadienes. Waihoki, waiwaro rua, alkadienes, ariu alkynes katoa ki te tua kōnakonako, hauwai, hauwai kōnakonako takirua, ki te wai. A, no te piri ki te rāpoi ngota o te nui iti acetylene o hauwai hua ethylene. I roto i te take o te pāhekoheko ki te hauwai te taikaha whakaputaina i te ewaro acetylene (pūwaro kukū).

mutunga

Alkynes, waiwaro rua, alkadienes, alkadienes, āhuatanga matū i kōrero nei i runga, whakaatu i nga ritenga taketake me ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā akomanga rerekē o matū. te waiwaro katoa i roto i te hanganga i waro me te hauwai ngota, he pera wahie pai.