Hei kingi Markovnikov vv ngako me tauira

Ko te tauhohe matū i te wahi o te whakangaromanga o te here rua i roto i ngā waiwaro rua me alkynes i roto i te, takitoru e taea uru matūriki rerekē. He aha te mea i raro ki te ture o tenei tukanga? ako ahau i te whanonga homologues asymmetrical o ethylene me i gidrogalogenirovanii Hydration pūtaiao Russian vv Markovnikov. kitea e ia e te huarahi tauhohe o te rere, tei runga i te āhua o te maha o te hauwai ki te waro hono ki te here rua. hoatu te whakapae mua i te kaiputaiao, whakapumautia i muri i te āhuatanga i roto i te mara o te hanganga ngota. Kua whakatakotoria ture a Markovnikov te pūtake mo te hanganga o te ariā pūtaiao ki tono mahi. āhei te reira ki a koutou ake pai te whakarite i te hanga o waerau, lubricants, waiwaihā.

ture o Markovnikov

pūtaiao Russian i roto i te mahi i oti rawa nui te wa ki te ako o hangarite tikanga tauhohenga tāpiritanga ki waiwaro hamanga. I roto i tona tuhinga, whakaputaina i roto i te Tiamana i roto i te tau 1870, ka whakatata vv Markovnikov te aro o te hapori pūtaiao i runga i te selectivity o te pāhekoheko o halides hauwai ki ngā ngota waro kei i te here rua i roto i te waiwaro rua unsymmetrical. kairangahau Russian hua raraunga e hāngai ana ki runga ki wheako i roto i te taiwhanga. tuhituhi Markovnikov e tika honoa kōnakonako ki te ngota waro i te maha iti rawa o ngota hauwai. Te nuinga o nga mahi pūtaiao rongonui riro i te timatanga o te rau tau XX. whakaarohia e ia ka karanga i te whakapae o te huarahi o pāhekoheko ko te "tikanga o Markovnikov."

Life me mahi o te pūtaiao-organics

whanau Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov i 25 (13 rite ki te tuhinga. Kāhua) i roto i Hakihea 1837. ako ia i te Whare Wānanga o Kazan, a whakaako i te kura kotahi, me te Whare Wānanga o Moscow i muri. ako Markovnikov te whanonga o waiwaro hamanga i te tauhohenga ki halides hauwai mai 1864. Whakatika tae noa 1899, utua pūtaiao i roto i ētahi atu whenua i rongo ki nga whakatau o te kēmihi Russian. Markovnikov, ki te kahore ture, te ingoa i roto i tona kororia, i hanga he maha o te tahi atu kitenga:

• riro ahau waikawa cyclobutanedicarboxylic;
• whakatakina e ahau te hinu o te Caucasus, a whakatuwheratia ana e ia matū organic hanganga motuhake - naphtha;
• whakaturia e ahau te rerekētanga i roto i te ira whakakoero o te pūhui ki pekapeka, me te tika;
• kuo waikawa poinanahatanga fatty.

whai wāhi tino Nga mahi pūtaiao ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi matū kāinga me te pūtaiao.

Ko te ngako o te whakapae hoatu mua e Markovnikov

pau te pūtaiao maha nga tau ako i te tauhohenga tua kaiwhakahohe ki waiwaro hamanga ki tetahi here rua (waiwaro rua). Kei te tuhia te reira e te mea i roto i pūhui o hauwai hakari, ka te tonoa ai ki te ngota waro, e kei atu matūriki o taua momo. Kei te piri ana te anion ki te waro pātata. Ko te tikanga Markovnikov tona ngako tenei. poto Scientific ki matapae i te whanonga o te matūriki, te hanganga o nei i taua wa kihai i tino mārama. E ai ki te tikanga, ki te ethylene pūwaro hono rauemi pūhui he Hx hanganga, ai X ko:

• kōnakonako;
• OH;
• toenga waikawa o te waikawa pūngāwhā;
• atu matūriki.

rerekē tangi Modern Markovnikov tikanga i te formulations kaipūtaiao: whakahaua he ngota hauwai i te NH rāpoi waiwaro rua attachable te ki here rua waro i taua kei kē atu hauwai, a X Ko haere te korakora ki te ngota hydrogenated iti.

Ko te tikanga o te tāpiritanga o matūriki electrophilic

A feruri i te momo o te tauhohe matū i roto i nei hāngai ana te ture Markovnikov. tauira:

1. Addition tauhohe o te hauwai pūhaumāota ki rua pōwaro. I roto i ngā taunekeneke i waenganui i te matūriki ngaro te here rua. whakahaua māota anion te ki kei te waro iti hydrogenated te i te here rua. tauhohe hauwai ki te nuinga o enei ngota hydrogenated. I hanga pōwaro 2-chloro.
2. Ko te muingota wai hydroxyl tua tauhohe o tona mema mai ki waro iti hydrogenated. Hauwai e tapiritia ki te nuinga o ngota hydrogenated i te here rua.

He whakawāteatanga i te Markovnikov ture e whakaarohia ana i roto i aua tauhohe i reira ko nga waiwaro rua, i roto i nei te waro i te here rua kē he maha o ngā rōpū tōraro nga matū hohe. kōwhiria e te reira i kiato wāhanga irahiko, te tikanga kei te i ngā ki te hauwai pai i ako. Kaua e whai i te ture, me te i roto i te tauhohe e haere i runga i tuwhena, nui atu i electrophilic tikanga (pānga Harish). e kore e ēnei okotahi haape i te maitai o te ture i takea rongonui Russian kēmihi organic V. V. Markovnikovym.