Arnold Schoenberg: haurongo me mahi poto, whakaahua

Arnold Schoenberg, poto auaha e taea te whakaahuatia rite auaha, i ora ai he ora ngā, me te ohipa. tomo ia te aamu o te waiata ao rite te tahae nei i hanga, kua revolution i roto i te hanganga, i hanga i tona kura ake o waiata, i mahue he taonga tuku iho ngā me te tupuni katoa o akonga. Arnold Schoenberg - tetahi o nga kaitito rahi o te rau tau 20.

Childhood me te Whānau

Mahuru 13, 1874 i roto i Vienna, i whanau Arnold Schoenberg, nei haurongo kore e e ohie, engari kua pā tonu reira ki te waiata. i ora ai te utuafare o Schoenberg i roto i te irirangi Hurai. Matua - Samuel Schoenberg - whanau i roto i Pressburg, i ahau i te toa hu iti. Mother - Pauline Nachod - he tangata whenua o Prague, ko te kaiwhakaako o te piana. Arnold i he tamarikitanga noa, i reira nga kahore tohu o tona heke mai nui.

Te rapu tünga

Mai te tau wawe timata tona whaea ki te whakaako i te waiata o Arnold, hoatu e ia tumanako. Otiia ki te tikanga tonu ratou mātauranga i roto i kahore i te utuafare. ako e ia te pūtaiao o te whaiaro hanganga-. He haapiiraa torutoru i roto i counterpoint hoatu ia ia i roto i-ture, te kaitito rongonui Austria, me te kaiwhakahaere, mo nei marenatia tuahine Shenberga Matilda - Alexander von Zemlinsky. Musicians he hoa tino pai, noho whakaaro oraraa taatoa, me te maha awhinatia tahi e te tahi tohutohu i runga i te toi o totohe. Reira te kaha Zemlinsky hoa tūtohu ki te riro i te kaituhi ngaio o te waiata. Ko te kaitito heke mai Arnold Schoenberg rite te taiohi mātu'aki ongo'i tona piiraa, a ahakoa kihai i nga huru i roto i tona manakohia, hoatu tona wa e manawapa katoa ki te waiata.

Tīmata o te mahi ngaio

noho te whānau he ora rawa, a ka mate tona papa, i te ko Arnold 15, a ka reira tino uaua. a te tangata taitama ki te tango i runga i tetahi mahi. mahi Arnold Schoenberg rite te papa'i parau pēke, arahina hoko peddler nga ropu kaimahi, i tuhituhi orchestrations hoki operettas. Otiia kihai ia i whakarere i ana akoranga i roto i te waiata i roto i tona wa e manawapa tuhituhi e ia ana mahi ake. Kua i te 1898 i roto i Vienna ka mahi mo te wa tuatahi mahi e Schoenberg i te scene. I te 1901 ka haere ia ki Berlin, te wahi hanga e ia mau haapiiraa waiata i te Stern Conservatory ia ara arata'i te akoranga hanganga.

I tenei wa ka mohio ia ki a Gustavom Malerom, i i te pānga nui i runga i te tirohanga o te ao o Schoenberg. I te 1903 ka hoki ia ki a Vienna, a ka anga te mahi i roto i te kura waiata. I te wa ano, te whakahaere ia ki te tuhituhi waiata i roto i tenei wā, kua paturu te reira i roto i te iho o te kura Tiamana o kaitito o te mutunga o te rau tau 19. Ko te mahi tino nui o tenei wāhanga ko: string sextet "ke Night" whiti "Pelleas et Melisande" (1902-1903 gg.), Te cantata "Songs Gurria" (1900-1911 gg.). taa ê Arnold Schoenberg he kaha nui mō te mahi, i te timatanga o te ara, i whakaako ia i te wa ano, i tuhituhi e ia te waiata, i hoatu kōnohete.

Haurongo me waiata

I roto i te Schoenberg He mahi a te kaitito e toru wā: āhua (i 1898 ki te 1908), atonal (1909-1922 gg.) A dodecaphony (mai 1923). Evolution kaiwhakatangitangi hono ki tona rapu mo te ara hou, me te whakapuaki hou. hono tona aitua te tuatahi ki te expressionism, i nei e ia i muri hanga ana ngā āhuatanga hou. Tae noa 1907 oho Schoenberg i rārangi ki te waiata puāwaitanga tuku iho. Ko tenei tau i reira ko te huringa tuwhena i roto i tona ao toi, whakaaro reira he rota e pā ana ki te waiata, i tuhituhi te mahi ariā. He he he pōauautanga o tona reo waiata, nui haere hiahia mo te dissonance, engari tonu tonu te au maite tuku iho.

A i roto i te 1909, ka tīmata te reira i te a tawhio hou o tona ora. I roto i te 1911, Arnold Schoenberg, tona haurongo Kei te whiwhi whakauka i te ao o te waiata, haere hoki ki Berlin, i reira hoki te 4 tau haereere rite te pēne. E tenei wa i kē kaiwhakatangitangi pai-mohiotia ia i roto i Europe. I roto i 1915, te kaitito mō te rua tau tuhia ki te ope. āhuatanga tēnei wā te pato'iraa Tone atonal o pokapū mahi Schoenberg 12 tarai rite te tono āhua tauine chromatic. I te tau 1923 riro ia te taitara o te ahorangi o te waiata, me te aniraa ki te mahi i te kura Berlin o Music. Ki te haere mai ki te mana o te kau Nasí i 1933, ka tonoa atu Schoenberg i te Conservatory, a ia, e wehi ana te whakatoi atu, rite te māngai o te iwi Hurai, ki te heke. Tuatahi ka haere ia ki France, a muri i roto i te United States.

o te kaitito te wā tuatoru tohua ana ngā āhuatanga nui. haamata ia ki m≤rū noa ki te whakahaere kouma o te raupapa waiata, e hanga nga tito o te pepe kotahi tekau ma rua e kore e i toutou i te rarangi kotahi. Heoi i reira ko te waiata dodecaphonic. I roto i te Shengberga mahi tino whakaata te wā, ki tonu i te huringa, me te tona wheako aronganui tuakiri.

ariā o te waiata

Kua tamata tonu te kaitito ki te whakahaere i te puka, me te tikanga o te whakapuaki o tona waiata, e haere mai te nuinga pohehe. Na reira, i te aroaro o ona wheako me whakaaro huritao katoa rohe i pepa pūtaiao nui. I roto i te 1911, i tuhituhi Arnold Schoenberg tona mahi ariā nui tuatahi "Ko te parau haapiiraa o te au maite." Kua roto reira, whakaraupapahia e ia ona whakaaro e pā ana ki te au maite tonal, i ko tino nui hoki ia katoa tona ora. kua meinga tenei pukapuka te mahi anake tino oti o te kaitito. I muri mai, e ia ake tuhituhi te maha o nga mahi i te wa ano, tonu papaki a Ka āpiti ratou, i roto i tona ra, kihai i whakaputaina ratou.

Anake i roto i te 1994 te mahi i roto i roto i te marama, ngā ki tetahi rōrahi - ". Whanaungatanga, counterpoint, rōpū, te parau haapiiraa o te puka" Ēnei whakaaro huritao i runga i arorau waiata, me te whakaaro e pā ana ki te rōpū o mahi faaineineraa i roto i te counterpoint me kihai i oti e te kaituhi o te hanganga, engari ki te whakaatu i te ahunga i roto i nei i tona rangahau. "Faá o Composition Musical" i whakaputaina i roto i te mutunga o 20 rangatira rau ngā ākonga. hanga Arnold Schoenberg he wāhi nui ki te ariā o te waiata, i taea ki te kite i te kukuwhatanga o te whakaaro waiata, me te tia'i tona whanaketanga i roto i te tau i mua ia. I roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, whakaata Schoenberg i te tapatahi o te hua, te whanaketanga o te whakaaro waiata, me te tae mai ki te monotonalnosti whakaaro.

mahi mātauranga

whai wāhi Composer mo'uí i roto i te whakaako - te tuatahi i te kura, ka ki te Conservatory i Berlin. I roto i te whakarau, mahi ia i Boston University, Southern California, Los Angeles, whakaako ariā waiata me te hanganga. hanga Arnold Schoenberg te kura katoa o kaitito, e huaina ana ko "Tuarua School Viennese". I kawea ake e ia e ngā ākonga i roto i te wairua o te mahi ki te waiata, e kore ia i tohutohu ratou ki te whai i tino tona tauira, a rapu noa ratou ake ara i roto i te toi. whakaaro ana ngā ākonga pai A. Berg ko Anton Webern, nei ki te mutunga noho pono ki ona whakaaro, a nui haere kaitito motuhake tika o ratou kaiako. arahina Schoenberg kaupapa waiata katoa, ki ngā aronga nui ki te polyphony, whakaaro nei ko te pūtake o te kairangi. Ki te ana akonga tonu kaitito ki te taunekeneke tata me i muri ratou tuku, ko reira ratou mana unquestioned. Ko te kupu tenei i tukua ki a ia te hanga i te tupuni o iwi rite-whakaaro.

Dodecaphony Arnolda Shenberga

ka Arnold Schoenberg, he haurongo poto e taea te whakaahuatia i roto i te kotahi kupu "dodecaphony", te ideologue me nä mo te aronga hou i roto i te waiata. I roto i tona rapu mo te tuhituhi tino economical waiata mai te kaitito ki te whakaaro o te pūnaha hanganga 12-reo. hanga ana tēnei kitea te kaitito anō-ako ki te tito waiata, ko ia he rota o whakamātautau ki te puka, titiro hoki wāhitanga hou mo ratou tikanga zvukochastotnogo.

Fundamentals o hangarau hou whakamatautau reira ki runga ki nga wahi piana, e ai ta nei te rota. I muri mai, haere ia ki te hanga o mahi nui (suites, quartets, tā me'alea) i roto i te kāhua hou. Ana ngā āhuatanga radically te awe te whanaketanga o te waiata i roto i te rau tau 20. Tona whakaaro, e kore e tino whakawhanakehia ia, tangohia i runga kau muimui, whakawhanakehia, tino rite, i ētahi wā ki te rohirohi. Tona takoha ki te waiata whakakitea ano i roto i te kaha ki te streamline te puka puoro.

mahi matua

mahue Arnold Schoenberg he tukufakaholo waiata nui. Ko tona mahi tino nui ko te opera oti "Mohi ko Arona," te whakaaro i puta i roto i nga 20 o te rau tau 20, ka whakaurua te kunenga katoa, me te rapu mō te kaitito. I roto i te opera o Schoenberg whakatinana tona outlook taumauri katoa, tona wairua katoa. He mea hoki nui ki nga mahi o te kaitito ngā: "Chamber Symphony", Op. 9, ko te opera "Lucky Hand", 5 Piano Pieces, Op. 23, "Ode ki Napoleon".

ora whaiaro

Arnold Schoenberg, nei whakaahua taea te kite i tenei ra i roto i pukapuka katoa i runga i te hītori o te waiata, i ora ai te ora pukumahi. I tua atu ki te waiata, ko ia peita pukumahi, kua whakaaturia tona mahi i roto i ara nui i roto i Europe. Ko ia he hoa o Kokoschka, Kandinsky, ko te mema o te Prussia Academy o Toi. I roto i tona ora, i tuhituhi e ia e pā ana ki 300 mahi.

Ka moe a Arnold Schoenberg mo te wa tuatahi tonu wawe, hoki ia i roto i te 1898 ka te Porotetani. tinihanga Wife ki runga ki a ia, haere ana ki tona aroha, engari ka hoki ki te whānau, ka tukua tona hoa whakamomori. ka mate tana wahine Matilda i 1923, a mutu reira te wā arepurepu o te ora whaiaro o te kaitito. He tau i muri mai ka moea e ia te tuahine o te vaiolini me te oaoa noho ki a ia mo te toenga o te ora. I roto i te 1933 faaoti ia ki te hoki mai ki a porohiraiti, a ka haere te tikanga e tika ana i roto i Paris whare karakia.

Wehi ana Arnolda Shenberga

Kaitito tino mohio, pūkenga pāngarau, engari ano hoki parau tumu noatia i manene ki a ia. tona ora katoa whai wehi ke me e ruarua. He aha te kaitito kaha mataku Arnold Schoenberg? I ia te phobia onge - Ua ri'ari'a ia i te tirohanga o 13. I whanau ia i runga i tenei tau, he oranga te aperaa whare me ruma hotera i raro i tenei ahua. Na te mea mataku Arnold Schoenberg pae hopea? Ko te tau? No, o te akoranga i wehi o te mate ia. Ko ia tino e e mate ia i runga i te 13 o taua ahua 76 - moni ki 13 - ka kawea ia e te mate. tau katoa tona huritau 76th ū mai, noho ia i roto i te hikirangi ana, a tae noa haere kotahi ra ki te moenga ki te tino e ka haere mai te mate hoki ia i tenei ra. pau ia te ra katoa i roto i te moenga, e tatari ana mo te haora whakamutunga. Na roto i te po, wahia te wahine ki raro, ka takoha ia ki te mutu te mahi mea poauau, me te whiwhi i roto o te moenga. Otiia i roto i te 13 meneti i mua i waenganui po, ka mea ia ki te kupu "te au" ka mahue tenei ao. Na, Hōngongoi 13, ngaro 1951 te ao he kaitito nui.