Bird - te kararehe ranei e kore? Birds piha haapiiraa

Ka taea e maha whakarongo tetahi te pātai: manu - he ratou kararehe e kore ranei? I muri te arotake i te āhuatanga katoa o te hanganga, me te te mahi o tenei piha, ka taea e māia te whakahoki kupu koe i te reira.

āhuatanga General

Class Birds ngā 9,000 momo, ngā i roto i te superorders e whai ake nei: ratites, ranei rere (otereti, Kiwi), kororā, ranei tere (Penguin emepaea, spectacled, Magellan, Galapagos, crested, me ētahi atu), takere, ranei e rere (heihei, kukupa, pihoihoi , tangihanga me ētahi atu).

Manu i runga i te hanganga rite ki te hunga o ngokingoki, me te tohu peka ahu whakamua, i i taea ki te urutau ki te rere. Ratou kaupeka o mua i roto i te kukuwhatanga puta ki parirau. Bird āhuatanga e te pāmahana tinana tamau, āhuatanga o vertebrates teitei, reira, manu - mahana te toto kararehe. Ko te whakahoki tuatahi ki te pātai tenei "Bird -? te kararehe e kore ranei".

Ko te takenga mai o nga manu e hiahiatia ana ki ngarara tawhito pseudosuchian ki te hanganga rite o nga waewae hata.

Tinana me te kiri

tinana manu he āhua kaunuku ki te matenga iti me te pūkoro kaki roa. Ko te kātua mutu hiku.

he kikokore, maroke, me te tata kowaiwai o repe te kiri. he torutoru anake manu (Waterfowl) i te repe hinu, hua te ngaro ngako-rite ki te āhuatanga wai-atiati. hanganga Horny (pärönaki kiriwaho) pani i ngutu matikuku tawerewere maihao, me te whakakī putorino (raro waewae). Kei te ahu ano huruhuru i te kiri. E wehea ratou ki e rua ngā rōpū: te aratau me te iho. Contoured, i roto i te tahuri, e urungi (mana rere), Makhov (te pupuri i te manu i roto i te rangi) me te puatakore (kei i runga i te tihi o te tinana). I raro i te whakahuahua e ki raro huruhuru. te āwhina ratou mau tonu te wera tinana. I roto i molting huruhuru pakeke hinga i roto i rawatia, me te hunga hou tupu i roto i to ratou wahi.

Kōhiwi me te pūnaha uaua

I roto i te manu kōhiwi he tino pakari, me te ngāwari tika ki te kōhao wheua ki tonu i te rangi. Kei a ia ko te wāhanga e whai ake nei: te waha, me te rei, lumbar me sacral me caudal. Tino he turanga tuaiwi waha e tika ana ki te plurality o pekehoe. Kua tauta ana te pekehoe rei, me rara mau pea e movably hono ki te whaturei me rara generators whare herehere. Hoki te tāpiritanga o uaua, meinga nga parirau i nekehanga, i runga i te whaturei reira ko te ngä - te takere. Ka rite ki te hua o te hononga o te lumbar me pekehoe sacral me caudal i waenganui wāhanga ratou me ki te wheua papatoiake i hanga sacrum te taviniraa tautoko muri wahi.

Kei te pai te whakawhanakehia te pūnaha uaua i roto i te manu. Tei runga i te kaha ki te rere i te whanaketanga ngā tae te tari tetahi. I roto i te manu e rere pai, pai whakawhanakehia uaua e neke nga parirau, me te hunga e kua ngaro tenei kaha - te uaua o te peke hata, me te kaki.

Kūnatu me te pūnaha puha

āhuatanga te pūnaha kūnatu e te ngaro o te niho. Hoki pupuri me te pupuri hipokina te kai whakamahia ki te ngutu horny kauae. kai Oral tomo korokoro te, a muri reira - he pū kai roa, e kua he pute-whakarahi (goiter) ki fakamolū reira. ka tuwhera te mutunga muri o te pū kai ki te puku, e wehea nei kia rua nga wahi, te glandular me uaua (te wahi kai haere huri aunoa). Kei te piro o te duodenum, te wahi nga aerodynamics o te ate, me taiaki, me te tōu kikokore, me te poto, mutu cesspool. whakatairanga i te hanganga taua tango tere o pukupuku wäriu waho.

E takirua nga whekau kōwhiringa o manu whatukuhu, me ureters, e whakatuwhera ki te cloaca. Mai tona mimi ki feces tukua ki te waho.

pūnaha romahā

manu Respiratory maximally taunga mō te rere. Na roto i te rangi nasal kōhao tomo te wehea ki e rua bronchi te pharynx me te pukorokoro, i te mea i roto i te pouaka. Tenei ko te pouaka reo. Kia i te pūkahukahu, te peka bronchi i roto i kaha. Pūkahukahu whai ratou he hanganga matatini, me te ngā o maha i roto i-korere. Kei te whakawhänui etahi o ratou, hanga whitiki rangi, kei te tū ratou i waenganui o nga whekau, uaua, me i roto i te wheua roa ā-. Manu ahu ki te whawhati manawa. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i roto i-rere rua haere hau i roto i te pūkahukahu tenei: te ngote i roto i te patunga o tona parirau, me te pana i roto i tukupu tika ki kōpeketanga o te peke.

pūnaha io

Ko te tino matatini, me te rite ki taua o vertebrates teitei Organization o te pūnaha io i roto i te manu. Tenei homai kotahi ano te hoê pahonoraa papû ki te pātai "Bird - ko te kararehe e kore ranei?" Kei o rua wehenga te pūnaha: te roro, me te ua. I roto i te wāhanga upoko kei te pai whakawhanakehia roro tuarongo he kawenga mō te ruruku o ngā nekehanga, me te tuakoi mua, me te midbrain, kawenga hoki te whanonga matatini. ko te tino whakawhanakehia te ua i roto i te humeral, lumbar me sacral, e whakarato ana mahi nekeneke pai. hoatu ēnei āhuatanga hoki i te mārama pahonoraa papû i ki te pātai "Bird -? te kararehe e kore e ranei"

hāngai ana te whanonga o te manu kei runga herekore (congenital) reflexes: kai tōtika, uri, kōhanga, hua manu whakapanga, faahoaraa, waiata. I roto i te rerekē ki te piha haapiiraa o kia hanga e ratou, ka noaa herenga ngārara (riro i roto i te ora) reflexes, e whakaatu nei ki to ratou atamira teitei o te kukuwhatanga. Ko tētahi tauira o reflexes makatuunga taea hei meka ratou Taming angitu o te tangata. Kei te whakapono te reira e te manu - ki te mōkai e he ngāwari whakatikatika i to ratou whanonga me te ara ki o te ora i te mohoao (taiao) pērā i te ahurea (te kāinga).

pūnaha circulatory

Tinana pūnaha circulatory o manu, rite te nuinga o vertebrates teitei, fakafofonga'i-chambered wha ngakau arā, o Atrial (2) me ventricles (2), me te oko toto. Kei te tino wehea ratou toto ki te venous me matua. Rere te reira e rua tohanga (iti, me te nui).

uri

Birds - kararehe dioecious ki te pūnaha matatini, me te tino whakawhanakehia o whanonga kahui, hua te whakamahi i te hua me te tiaki hoki reira.

Katoa o te runga ake ngā -end hoatu he whakahoki tino ki te pātai "Bird - te kararehe ranei e kore e?" O te akoranga, te manu he kararehe.