Cubism - he aha te mea tenei? Cubism i roto i te toi. Māngai o nga tohutohu me te pikitia i roto i te kāhua o te Cubism

Ko te putanga o te Cubism no ki te tau 1906-1907. whakawhanakehia te reira a ahu tenei au te nuinga i roto i France (māngai tino ko Picasso, H. G. Griss ko Malí), me te rite i roto i etahi atu whenua.

He aha te mea Cubism?

Kia tamata o ki te whakautu i tēnei pātai. Cubism - Ko te kaupapa toi motuhake, kua hāngai ki runga ki te deformation o ngā, ratou whāwehe ki rererangi āhuahanga, neke āhua nei reo.

Ko te whakaaro matua i runga i te mea i hanga ai, i reira ko te whakamātau ki te faaite i te matatini, te kanorau o te mooni a tawhio noa ki te awhina o tauira mokowā ohie me ngā puka o ari me mea. Kua puta ke te putanga o tenei au he tokomaha o nga parau tumu whakapumautia me rerehua whakaaro i roto i te peita Pākehā. wahia Māngai o Cubism ki "talena whatu", mahue atu āhua hei ahanoa o toi ataata, i te tirohanga me te chiaroscuro rite anake nga tikanga o te faaiteraa toi.

Pablo Picasso

Ki tenei mutunga, te kaipeita puta noa tona mahi kua āhuatanga e te mahi i roto i te maha o ngā momo wā kotahi. Picasso i roto i te tahuri haere ki te ara tino ritenga ki te whakapuaki i to ratou huru.

Ka taea e koe te kitea me te peita cubist, te taha i runga i abstractionism me te talena i roto i tona mahi. I te tahi taime, i roto i tona titauraa rite oho atu i te toi pai puāwaitanga tuku iho ia, e ko hohore tona hokinga ki te ara o te toi tūturu. Heoi, i hanga te artist he whakaahua auheke, me te tonu ana kowaiwai i te kāhua o te Cubism. Ko ratou tūturu mahi i tuhituhia i roto i te inimitable, kāhua takitahi. Traditional pāpāho toi, i whakamahia nei e te kaituhi, ko te otinga o ngā raruraru hou. Ko tētahi o nga pikitia tuatahi pania i roto i te kāhua o te Cubism, he peita "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" e Pablo Picasso. Tenei mahi o te toi e āhuatanga e te grotesque rerekē: konei e whakaaturia whika coarsened kahore āhuatanga o chiaroscuro me tirohanga aroaro rite te huinga o rōrahi decomposed i runga i te waka rererangi.

āhuatanga āhuatanga

tapa fakaanga French L. Vaucelles te wā "Cubist" i roto i te 1908 rite te toi ingoa pūhohe tohu mooni ki te awhina o āhua āhuahanga auau toru-ahu (rango, koeko, kupiki, vahi). roto tenei mahi he wero ki nga whakarerenga iho o toi tūturu. Paintings i roto i te kāhua o te Cubism attraction rerekē ki tae austerity, ki sino, puka ohie me taumu'a taketake (hei tauira, oko, he rakau te whare ranei). Nuinga mārama, faaite tenei āhuatanga ake i roto i tona mahi wawe i roto i te "Cézanne" wā (1907-1909). fakamamafa'i Artist P. Cézanne tonutanga me te ao whāinga; faceted pukapuka, e whakamahi ia rite te whakapakoko whakawhiti taputapu, i whai ahua ai te ahua o te tanga manawa, me te tae emit etahi ngaahi tafa'aki o ngā i te wa ano e whakakaha ana me te pakaru ririki rōrahi. Ko te wāhanga i muri mai o te whanaketanga o te Cubism - "tātari" (1910-1912). Kei te wehea te kaupapa ki ngā wāhanga iti, ngāwari noa te wehewehe i ia atu, a ka whakaaro ki te horapa i te koaka tona ahua. Last, he "waihanga" atamira (1912-1914), ko te atu whakapaipai, peita karakara he awhi planar, i reira e te tahi mau āhuatanga textural - hanganga mārō, whakapiripiri (toirau), paura ... I te wa ano, e pupū ake me te cubist whakairo. maha ngā Picasso me Braque peita etahi reta ranei kupu. Ko ēnei inscriptions te tikanga e kore e ōrite ki te ihirangi, engari i awhina manuhiri mahino te whakaaturanga e pā ana ki haputanga o te toi.

Ko te tauhohenga o te minenga

Ko te whakarongo ki nga mahi o nga Cubists tukinotia ki korokë, ētahi wā noa endowing ratou tītaia unflattering me nga tawainga,. Ko te press tā faaino teimaha, e tona āhua i ētahi wā whakatata ki te take tūmatanui. kitea kaimätakitaki ratou i te whakaaturanga o peita Cubist, ite sensations e taea te whakaritea ki te rongo tangata, haere ana ki te haerenga pai, engari hei utu mo riro he fakaafe ki whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o rori hou.

haapapu tēnei tauhohe e te tere puta te whakawhitinga ki tenei rohe, ahakoa o te faaineineraa te wā roa, i roto i nei e whai whakarongo o te whakapaipai ki te whakawhānui i tō Horizons tino. Otiia, i te Cubism, pikitia peita i roto i tenei kāhua, rite te tetahi wahi o te minenga, a kitea te tautoko i tauhou.

Ko te mana o te Cubism i toi

kaha te awe tenei au te whanaketanga o te whakaaro auaha. Cubism i roto i toi kitea nga ngā hou o te ora i roto i āhuatanga me ketanga katoa: ko te whai o te democratization - te āhukahuka o Primitivism, te makanga o te takitahi, te ruma tūmataiti; whakapono i roto i te pūtaiao - te hiahia ki te waihanga i tētahi "wetereo o toi," te rapu mō tikanga whāinga.

I teie mahana, nga tangata tōkeke, i miharo hoki nga mahi o Impressionism, mārama titore te tairururaa maheni ki a tatou puawai. Otiia i roto i te ahua whakaaro katoa e Cubism - ko te revolution tūturu i roto i te toi. tātari te reira i te aronga homai wae peita ngā katoa. hōputu Image, tae me te tirohanga rārangi, he herenga nga buka.

Cubism i roto i Russia

I roto i te wā i mua i te putanga o te Cubism, i roto i to matou whenua, kia rite i roto i te France, he tipu te anaanatae i roto i te iwi, auaha tuku iho. I tenei wa, āhuatanga te taitamariki toi Russian i kore hiahia anake i roto i te toi "tahito" (tae atu Awherika), engari ano hoki hiahia mo te inviolability o te tino, hanganga hoahoanga, me te te whakapono i roto i te tetahi tauira me te manawataki wheako ically pāngarau.

I roto i te mahi o maha toi Russian o te wahi tetahi he Cubism (e Chagall, Lentulov, Archipenko, Altman me ētahi atu). Heoi, Ko pono te taata tumu i Kazimir Malevich. Tona mahi ako, me te auaha, me te mahi ariā i he mana nui i runga i te hanganga o te au.

"Tapawhā Black"

Kia mea he e kahore he mea māmā atu i ki te utu i te tapawha pango i runga i te papamuri ma. Tenei kia tohu, pea, i tetahi tangata. Otiia i konei te he puzzle: tenei peita rongonui i te artist Russian Malevich rata tonu te aro o kairangahau me te hunga i aroha toi, ahakoa i hanga ai i te timatanga o te rau tau whakamutunga. Ka rite ki te tahi mea ngaro, ka rite ki te pakiwaitara, ka rite ki te tohu o te Five and Seven Russian ...

Kei te mea te reira e ka i te toi, tuhituhia "Black Square", kihai i matau ia i mea ai ia, a ka hoki te wa roa e kore i taea e te kai moe ranei. I roto i te meka, i meatia mahi uaua ki haere mai te peita ki te oranga. I muri i te katoa, ka titiro koe ki reira, riro he kapiti papa o raro wehea - matomato, māwhero, āhua, i reira ko tetahi tetahi hanganga tae, engari whakaaro te kaituhi i taka reira, a tuhituhi ki runga ki taua mea he tapawha pango. I tapapa tenei mahi o te toi i roto i te kāhua o te Cubism. i rere peita a Malevich, engari i whakapono ia e ko te reira "Black Square" Ko te keokeonga o tona mahi auaha.