DSLR-kāmera - he aha te mea tenei? Overview, ngā āhuatanga, ngā painga me ngā āhuatanga

Ki te ite koe e te mana o to koutou kāmera kiato whakawhāiti koe, i reira e nui take ki te whakarongo ki te DSLR-kāmera. Ēnei whakaaro hou ki pūoko nui whakapakoko, optics pai, mana pakari ā-, pai ake mahi me te ringa rehe o tīwhana whakawhiti. Heoi, ko te utu tenei taumahinga anō katoa, me te utu o te kāmera SLR mamati taea tupu, rawa i muri i te rironga o oko atu.

I tua atu, me e maharatia ana e ia e haumi te moni i roto i DSLR-kāmera. Ki te ko te pūrere tuatahi he Canon, he reira tino pea e ka waiho i te muri hei tauira i te kaiwhakanao taua, ki te noho taea ki te whakamahi i ngā arotahi pakeke me oko. Tenei ko nga āhuatanga tino nui ki te whakaaro, ka hoko i te kāmera SLR mamati, me ngā rārangi tauira runga-tauanga ngā tenei ra.

rahi pūoko māramatanga

Te nuinga o kiritaki SLR te whakamahi i te whakapakoko pūoko, nei āhuatanga ahakoa nui ki runga ake i taua o kāmera mamati tikanga, engari paku iti ake i te anga kiriata 35mm. kia waiho te reira i te bit puputu'u ka kōrero ratou e pā ana ki te mara o te tirohanga o te kāmera, rite nga roa wāhi mō compacts e maha whakaritea ki te ōrite 35-mm. He he 1.5-puninga "tauwehe hua" pūoko Paerewa ApS-C. Tenei te tikanga e te arotahi 18-55 mm e tae mai ki te nuinga o DSLRs hipokina te mara 35mm o tirohanga ōrite ki 27-82,5 mm. whakataurite ana tēnei ki te kāmera 3x zoom arotahi noa ki te roa o te ngahunga 28 mm o.

I roto i te pūoko nui he maha ngā painga. āhei te reira ki a koutou pai te whakahaere i te hohonu o te mara image - ahanoa mavahe ka hanga i te papamuri te peroo. Kei te maha tenei pānga tuku ki rite Japanese wā "bokeh". Kua Ko tōna Kua tuhituhia rite nui, engari te tikanga whānui, ko e taka te atu marama i runga i te kopu e numera whakapuaki te piata HWM te maha o te auau f ranei, e taea te whiwhi te papamuri atu te peroo. Arotahi ki te piata mōrahi o te f / 1.4 Peke 8 ngā wā atu marama atu f / 4, a taea te waihanga i tētahi hohonu shallower o mara i te roa me te shooting rahi tawhiti rite.

Ko tētahi atu take e he e tika ana ki te aukati i te kōwhiringa i runga i te pūoko nui - ko ki te whakaiti image haruru. He maha atu pika atu i te kāmera tikanga ki te taua 20-megapixel DSLR taumira. tukua enei whakaturia pika nui te tūtohutanga teitei o te pūoko rite whanganga i roto i te puka mamati rite ISO, me te whakapakoko haruru raro. Ko te painga o te rohe mata nui takoto i roto i te meka e taui tae wherikotanga ranei ake äta atu i roto i "hopi". hanga tenei reira taea ki te whakatutuki i te atu pikitia taiao ki te tikanga nui o te hohonu.

kāmera-anga tonu

Ētahi SLR DSLR-kāmera (Canon EOS 6D) e rite rawa ki te pūoko e e rite ki te rahi o te 35mm kiriata. Ko te tikanga enei whakaaro-anga tonu atu te utu atu i to ratou ritenga ki ApS-C kopu. Ki te i roto i te heke mai te whakaaro, ko te ki te haere ki te anga tonu, kia kia tupato i te hoko arotahi. Etahi o ratou e hangaia mō te whakamahi ki ApS-C. karanga Canon ona aho o EF-S ApS-C-arotahi, me te arotahi hipoki te anga tonu, ka karanga E. F.. whakamahi Nikon DSLR-kāmera i te huarahi ōrite, tohu "whakapai" tuku kōrero huinga DX, he anga tonu - FX. Sony arotahi ki to ratou ApS-C tāpiri te ti'araa DT, a ka karanga Pentax DA ratou.

Te kōwhiri i te kāmera

He mea nui ki te whiriwhiri i te kāmera e he whakamarie i roto i te ringa. Ahakoa he rite i roto i te rahi me te mahinga, kakau kāhua, ngā mana tūranga, me ētahi atu āhuatanga hāneanea te nuinga o DSLRs kia tino rerekē.

kia te whakamarie tino ki te whakamahi i te kāmera DSLR mamati tīpakohia. Ki te he reira nui rawa ranei iti ki te whakamarie, ki te kahore e tūnga nga mana rite e hiahia ana ratou i tenei kaiwhakamahi, he tūponotanga kore e taea ki te oaoa i pihinga i ki tonu koe.

arotahi viewfinder pūpū

Na roto i te whakamāramatanga DSLR kua reira he viewfinder whatu e whakaatu te whakapakoko riro e te arotahi kāmera, engari e kore te katoa e ratou ōrite. tataki te whakaata te marama ki tetahi o e rua momo viewfinders. Ko te tuatahi o ratou - pentamirror - te tikanga kitea i runga i ngā pūrere taumata-urunga, pērā i te Kēnana EOS Rebel SL1 utu 549,00 tāra Nikon D5500 ranei. I roto i tenei momo o whakapakoko viewfinder e whakamahia ana ki te anga 3 whakaata i roto i te kanohi o te kaitango whakaahua, e tahuri ki runga ki taua mea na e huri i te reira i roto i ki te kia tika, rite te ātete ki te whakapakoko kōaro i runga i te pūoko i roto i te ora tūturu.

pentaprism

Ko te momo tuarua o te viewfinder DSLR-kāmera - he pentaprism. Ko te poro karaihe totoka, e e te mea ano e rite ana pentamirror. Tuatahi, ka rite ki te tikanga, taimaha me te atu i te tuarua. wherikotanga General whakahaere te anga o whakapakoko, me te taea ki a koe pai whakarite e ko te pikitia i roto i te arotahi. Pentaprism te tikanga timata ki te puta i roto i te kāmera SLR waenganui-whānui pērā i te EOS uara Kēnana 80D o 1199,00 US tara, a ka he te paerewa mō ngā tono ngaio pērā i te Canon EOS-1D X Mark II (5999,00 tāra). Pentax K-70 - tetahi o te torutoru tauira taumata-urunga ki te viewfinder o tenei momo, e kua he kotahi rau ōrau kapinga. Tenei kāmera utu he encapsulation tonu mō te whakamahi i roto i nga ra ua te hukarere ranei.

kia utu reira ano whakarongo ki te hua i roto i te ōrau o te anga, me te uhi, rite homai reira he whakaaro o te rahi tūturu o te pikitia, a whakaatu te nui o te whakapakoko riro e taea te kite i. I roto i te wā e rua he reira pai ki te titiro mo te tau mōrahi.

Ko tētahi atu kōwhiringa: EVF

He maha iti o kāmera SLR i runga i te mākete tuku he viewfinder kōwhiringa tuatoru - hiko. Sony DSLR-kāmera ki whakaritea whakaata āhuapūataata, pērā i Arepa o 77 II, ētahi wā ka kīia ki SLT. Engari o anō te marama i roto i ona kanohi, e whakaata ana ia i runga i te pūoko aunoa arotahi. Ki te te kore whakaturia te kaiwhakamahi ki te viewfinder whatu, he utu whakaaro enei kāmera. Ahakoa te tino nui-anga tonu Sony Arepa 99 whakamahi i te uara o 1998 tara EVF OLED, eschewing he pentaprism karaihe, noa i roto i te tahi atu kāmera SLR-anga tonu. Ki te he e tika ana tenei kōwhiringa, ka taea hoki e te tūhura koe me mirrorless kāmera - tauira whakapai ki te rahi pūoko taua rite taua o te DSLR-taonga, engari kahore te whakaata e tārua i te whakapakoko e tomo koutou kāmera i roto i te wā tūturu.

shooting tonu

Ina whakaritea ki tikanga whakaaro mamati DSLR-kāmera - ko reira ano hoki te tere tiketike. Ko maha te wa i waenganui i te pēhi i te pātene marumaru, me te hopu i te whakapakoko, takamuri marumaru ka karanga, me te wā i waenganui i ngā matā i te raruraru o kāmera kiato. ahu kāmera SLR ki te arotahi rawa hohoro, ka marumaru takamuri i ratou tata äta. whanganga shooting tonu i roto i papa ia te rua. Me titiro tatou mo te kāmera e taea kopere 3 k / s, ahakoa ka hiahia nga kaitango hākinakina me Naturalists te taputapu ki te hopu i te nohopuku 5 K / s.

tere autofocus

O te akoranga, te pūnaha auto arotahi me te pupuri ake ki te auau anga. Basic kāmera SLR pērā i te D3300 Nikon, maha i te torutoru noa ngā AF, hanga reira uaua ki te aroturuki i ngā ahanoa neke.

I te kāmera tiketike-mutunga Kēnana 7D Mark II ko Nikon D500 AF ngā hipokina te wahi nui o te anga, hanga ratou makau o ngā kaiwhakamahi whai wāhi i roto i te whakaahua ngā hākinakina, me te kararehe. AF Shooting tonu, me te haere te ringa i roto i te ringa, na he mea nui ki te titiro mo te kāmera e kua rawaka mahi mo enei tawhā e rua.

Ko te titiro a te mata, me te HD-ataata

tuhi Video Ko inaianei he āhuatanga paerewa o kāmera SLR. Me titiro tatou mo te tetahi e pupuri ana te autofocus i roto i tuhi. kia tirohia koe ano te tere o te aunoa arotahi ina pihinga i roto i te aratau tirohanga ora, rite maha e taea e te reira tino puhoi. hanga Canon kua ahu whakamua i roto i te whakanui ake i te tere o te autofocus ina tuhi ataata i roto i tauira T6s ko 70D, he Sony kāmera arotahi rite hohoro ia te tuhi ataata, me te ka whakaahua. Ki te te whakamahere i te kaiwhakamahi ki te whakamahi i te ataata maha, he nui te aroaro o te Jack tāuru hopuoro reira - waho ka tahu nui, pai atu i te hanga.

telephoto Arotahi

e kore e haere te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi āwhina SLR mamati hou e ki te hoko optics atu, engari i reira ko te hunga e whakaaro reira e tika ana ki te whakawhānui i te paerewa. Tuatahi o te katoa, i roto i te tua ki te paerewa 18-55 mm telephoto arotahi tīpakohia te. Kei te whakamahia te reira, pera me te tikanga, zoom tāupe, tīmata i 55 mm, me te oti ki 200 mm 300 mm e ka whakaputa i nui atu i te matā roa āwhiwhi ranei. utu Mahere hoki taua tuku kōrero kia whakarato 200-300 US tara.

arotahi 35mm

Ko tētahi atu momo rongonui o tuku kōrero ko te tere, ki te koki arotahi noa pirimia. I mua i riro rongonui nga arotahi topa, e maha ngā kāmera kiriata SLR ki tuku kōrero 50 mm f / 2. No te mea o te pūoko iti i roto i kiritaki SLR tenei ra, hāngai tenei ki te f 35 mm / 2.

koki Paerewa homai te mara o te tirohanga, i te mea tata indistinguishable i kanohi tangata, me te tukua shooting piata nohopuku i roto i ngā āhuatanga marama iti, me te ki te tutakina te ahanoa mā te blurring te papamuri. Tei runga i te utu DSLR-kāmera o enei arotahi taea rerekē, engari kua tika ana te reira e ka waiho i roto i te whānuitanga i 175 ki te 350 US tara.

flash waho

Ahakoa te meka e kiritaki kāmera SLR te tikanga i te flash hanga-i roto i, he maha kaitango hiahia nga whakaaro ake kaha waho. emit ratou ake marama, a maha taea e whakakorikoria ratou ki te tukua hoki māramatanga o te ahanoa ki te whakamahi kitea te marama. Tāwhana flash atu te tuanui ki te turama i te ruma katoa e taea te tutuki ki te awhina o te pūrere motuhake, engari e kore e hutia-pūnaha DSLR-kāmera. Tei runga i te hiahia i roto i te pūngao wa me te taea o te whakawhiti i te flash waho taea e 150 ki te 500 US tara tohutohutia.

whakangungu rakau waho

Aroturuki hoki faaore DSLR-kāmera nga whāititanga o te mata iti i runga i te rōpū muri o te kāmera, e kore nei e tuku i tika arotahi i roto i shooting, ki te pupuri i ngā pānui tere me atarangi, whakarite toenga ma , me te pihinga i te koki nui.

stabilizer

Stabilizer DSLR-kāmera - he pūrere e ka whakaiti kaupapa e hiahiatia. Hei tauira, he triaxial đi Ronin-M ki te whakatārewatanga hiko mō kāmera te taimaha ki runga ki te 3.6 kg. E whakarato ana haere noa oti o te photographer i te mahi i runga i matā mō te 6 haora - tenei wa, te ora pūhiko i runga i te tiaki pākahiko kotahi. He nui ki te whakatika i te kāmera, ka taurite ai te reira, a ka hua pūtukatuka hanga-i roto i te tautuhinga e hiahiatia ana. Ko te tika o te 0.02 ° ki te makona i te ngaio tino ohie.

I tua atu, mamao mana stabilizer mā Nihokikorangi me tono mo iOS. Tautoko kōwae đi LightBridge e whakawhiti ataata i te tawhiti o 1.5 km.

putea

Ko tētahi atu apatoko tika - he putea mo te DSLR-kāmera. Sony LCS-BDF, hei tauira, ko te take watea, me te kiato e mau te kāmera, topa arotahi me tuku kōrero atu. whitiki mata i roto i te mua e hangaia mō te transportation me te rokiroki o ngā pāpāho, ngā tātari, me te pera i runga i. N. He he he pute atu i runga i te hoki me te here pokohiwi ki te ararewa tango ngohengohe.