Dzhonson Semyuel: A Biography, āhuatanga auaha, meka ngā

Semyuel Dzhonson - English fakaanga, piokālafi, buka, pehe me Taha'i. Ko te whakaaro tetahi o nga whika nui o te ora me te tuhinga o te rau tau XVIII. Tētahi atu take mo te rongonui, pai nei i tenei ra Semyuel Dzhonson, - faahiti te kaituhi.

tāhuhu tangata

whanau Dzhonson Semyuel i roto i te pa porowini o Lichfield, i Staffordshire, i roto i rave whānau Michael Johnson i roto i ngā pukapuka hokohoko, me te pānga, ko Hara 18 Mahuru 1709. Matua (a muri tana tama) Ko e pängia ana ki te pāngia o wā, engari tona faatura: i te wa o te whanautanga o Hamuera, i mahi ia rite te mutoi. ko Dzhonson Semyuel he tamaiti e mate ana, me te kore i mahara ki te ora. I roto i te 1711, i te tau o rua nga tau, ko reira tata matapo, wāhanga turi, e mate ana i te scrofula me kohi, ka tangohia ki te Kuini Anne ki te tetahi e tona pa whakaorangia te turoro. Ko whakaora semeio, Heoi, i kore tupu.

I roto i 1716-m Johnson, tairongo, hauwarea, a kihai i to ratou tau, whakauru i roto i te kura Lichfield. I ahu te reira i na mātauranga engari tutu Dzhon Hanter, e whiua ratou tauira, i roto i te tikanga ki, i roto i ana kupu, ki te whakaora ia ratou i te tarawa. I muri mai tohe a Hamuera, ki te kahore i mea patu ia, ia e kore i tutuki tetahi mea. Heoi, i raro i te ārahitanga o Hunter i ako ia te reo Kariki,, ka anga ka tuhituhi rotarota. I roto i te 1725, i te tau o te 16 tau, e ono nga marama, i te toro i te porowini Johnson tona whanaunga Koroniria Ford, mātanga, me te upoko tomo kaiako o mua i roto i Cambridge. Reira ia te tuatahi ako o te oraraa o te ao hinengaro, me te tuhituhi.

mawhiti

I roto i te 1726 puta ia i te kura nui, a haere ana ki te mahi i roto i te wharehoko pukapuka o tona papa. Ko te pohehe. Ko pouri te ora o Hamuera Johnson i roto i te rua tau i muri mai, engari i te wa ano i haere ia i runga i takare me haphazardly ako Ingarihi me te tuhinga puāwaitanga.

I roto i te 1728, ki te tukufakaholo iti o wha tekau pauna i mahue e tona whaea i muri i te matenga o te whanaunga, ia ta'e'amanekina tomo i Pembroke College, Oxford. I reira, Heoi, i taea ki te whakarato ratou ki nui kai, hoki taua mea ia, a mo nga tau maha ki te haere mai. Reira timata hoki ki te whakaatu i nga tohu o te wā e ka ta kataka ana ia ia mo te toenga o tona ora. Ka rite ki te hua, utua reira iti aro ki o ratou akoranga me i 1789, he reira tino tumatatenga, me te rawakore rawa ki te haere tonu ratou mātauranga, mahue ia Oxford, i waho te fariiraa i te tītohu.

Ko te pukapuka tuatahi

Iritihia i te Latin "Karaiti" Pope, hanga Johnson i roto i ona akoranga, i whakaputaina i roto i te 1731, engari i te wa te rawakore, i roto i te tarahu, korekore, wāhanga matapo me te turi, riwha e scrofula me koroputaputa Hamuera wehi hoki tona mahara. I tua atu, i roto i Hakihea o te taua tau mate tona papa, ano kaihau.

I roto i te 1732, i kitea e Johnson te mahi doorman i roto i te kura nui Market Bosworth. I roto i te haerenga ki Birmingham, tutaki ia ki a Genri Porterom me tana wahine, a Erihapeti. Te tau e whai ake nei, e takoto ana i roto i te moenga i te wa o te haerenga roa i muri ki hoa hou mangai Hamuera haapoto putanga Ingarihi o te translation French o te pukapuka "Journey ki Abyssinia," i tuhituhia i roto i te rau tau XVII. Portuguese Jesuit. ka noho ia hei pukapuka whakaputaina tuatahi, a ka Johnson rima kini mo ia.

te faaipoiporaa

I roto i te 1735, i te tau o rua tekau ma rima nga tau, ka moea e Johnson he uitou Elizabeth Porter-tau 46-tau. He kaipakuha o tana wahine, i moni ki 700 pauna, whakaturia Hamuera te wänanga tūmataiti tata Lichfield. I roto i te ngā ākonga ko Rawiri Garrick, e riro te kaiwhakaari tino rongonui o tona wa, me te hoa tata o Johnson. Na roto i te 1737 Academy haere kaihau, a faaoti Hamuera ki te hanga i te waimarie i roto i te mara tuhituhi, ka haere ia ki Rānana tahi e Garrick.

hanga

I roto i te 1738, i noho i roto i Rānana i rawakore whakahouhou, ka anga Johnson ki te tuhituhi mo te "Journal o te rangatira," Edvarda Keyva. I reira whakaputaina e ia "London" - peehia o pūhohe a Huwena i ino o Roma i tahito, hoki i riro ia tekau kini. I tua atu, ka tutaki ia ki a Richard Savage, tetahi punake rawakore ki te ingoa nanakia.

I waenganui i 1740 m, me te 1743 m, kua whakatika reira ki tautohetohe Paremete "Journal gentleman". Tau matahiti i muri, i whakamoemiti ia mo te whakaatu paetahi ore.

I roto i te 1744, ka mate a Richard Sevidzh i Bristol whare herehere. tuhituhi Johnson "Savage Life" he faahiahia hoki tona whakaaturanga tika o te pakaritanga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te tahi atu huru. Ko te hua ko te kaituhi tuhi tuatahi, ngā te aro o te iwi whānui pānui.

I roto i te 1745 whakaputaina e ia "He momo o ngā kitenga e pā ana ki te ati" Macbeth. " Te tau e whai ake nei, hainatia e ia he kirimana ki te rōpū o feia poro, a meatia ana he mahi nui o te whakahiato i te papakupu o te reo Ingarihi, i te taua whakaputaina i roto i France e wha tekau i te mau melo o te French Academy. ka tahuri ia ki tona "kupu Mahere" ki Count Chesterfield, engari ko ia kariri rawa kāre. Ko te hua ko te whakamāramatanga kupu Johnson e whai ake nei "kaiwhakaruruhau": "Ko te kotahi e tauturu, tauturu me tiaki tenei. Ko te tikanga ko reira te nanakia e tautoko ana whakapehapeha i roto i hoki mō te whakapati. "

I roto i te 1748 ki te ono kaiāwhina oho Johnson ki te whare nui i roto i Fleet Street, a tīmata mahi i runga i te haaputuraa o te papakupu. I roto i te 1749 ka puta i te reira tona mahi oto "horihori o hiahia tangata," hoatu Garrick ko Johnson te ati o "Irene" i Drury Lane.

I waenganui i 1750 me 1752 tau mo e rua wiki, kua hanga e ia neke atu i te rua rau ngā tuhinga "Rembler". I roto i 1752-m mate tana wahine. E rua tau i muri mai, ka hoki Johnson ki Oxford, i reira ka tutaki ia ki a Tamati Wharton, te Laureate punake heke mai. Te tau e whai ake nei, ki te awhina o Uortona Semyuel hopea ka tohu o te ariki i Oxford. I roto i te taua tau i te mutunga oti ana nui English Dictionary, ka whakaputaina, a ahakoa ko te tino rawakore ano ia, ka whakapumautia ngā kōrero tona ingoa tuhituhi. I roto i tenei wā ka mohio ia ki te taitama a Hohua Reynolds, Bennet Langton ko Tofamom Boklerkom.

I roto i te 1756, i tuhituhi Dzhonson Semyuel, "Tono mo te putanga hou o Shakespeare", e, Heoi, kihai i puta noa 1765. Ia tonu ano tana mahi rite he kairīpoata, ētita me prefaces taupatupatu. A, no te i hopukina ia mo nama, hanga te taunaha Semyuel Richardson. I waenganui i 1758 me 1760 i tuhituhi e ia he raupapa o tuhinga roa "Bummer." I roto i te 1759, ka mate a tona whaea Hara, a toe i roto i te huru pouri, i tuhituhi e ia he morare pakiwaitara "Rasselas" ki te utu, ka mea ia, te tangihanga.

mutu

I roto i te 1762, i muri i tona rironga ki te torona o Kingi George III, Semyuel Dzhonson, he moni nei pukapuka nui i kore ia e kawea mai ki tona pai ki te riro i te penihana o 300 pauna i te tau. Heoi, ko noa atu raruraru te whakarite o te whare te āheinga tereina, no te mea ko ia he tautoko o te rōpū Tory, a, mahara o te tūkino o nga Whigs, tautuhi te kupu "penihana" i roto i tona papakupu rite "utu ki pononga ture mō te tukunga i tona whenua." e kore hoki te wa tuatahi i ko ia i roto i takoha ki te whakaora i runga i tika i tona ora, me te ahakoa ko mīharo, me heipü taratara-tarai tona tirohanga, ka e ia tetahi o te rongonui tino i roto i te hapori nui o tuhituhi raiona. A, no te o kotiro taitamariki he tokorua tutaki ki a ia i te ahiahi tuhituhi, faaite strangeness ohorere o tona ahua, me te mea ko reira etahi ahua o taniwha i te koraha o Awherika, ka kite Johnson ratou whakararatatia ana e ia, a taea te mirimiri.

I te 1763, te tuatahi tutaki ia James Boswell. Ahakoa ona takenga Kōtimana (Johnson feaa Scots - konei tona whakamāramatanga rongonui: "ōti - te reira witi, i roto i Ingarangi e kai hoiho, me te iwi i roto i Scotland"), whiwhi ratou me te pai ki ia atu. I te 1764 ka whakaturia te reira "Club Literary" nei i te mau melo ko Reynolds, Edmund Burke, Garrick, Boswell ko Johnson.

Hamuera i roto i te 1765 i raro i tona ētita whakaputaina Shakespeare ki Tà nui, me te hōhonu, ka riro te Doctor hōnore o Sciences ture i Trinity College i roto i Dublin. Ia tutaki ano ki te rawa Henry ko Ehetere Trail, e ka noho te nuinga o tona wa i runga i te kotahi tekau ma ono nga tau i muri mai (rota o korero, engari mahi he auahatanga iti). kotahi parau Johnson: "Free tuhituhi chumps anake."

I roto i te tau 1769, Boswell, hoko he rōia i roto i Edinburgh, marena, a noho i roto i Scotland tae noa ki 1772 th. I waenganui i 1770 me 1775 tukua Johnson he raupapa o tutu, engari characteristically categorical puka tōrangapū. I roto i August 1773, ahakoa i whakahaweatia tonu ia Scotland, ka mau a Hamuera he haerenga fakangalongata'a ki Boswell i te Hebrides. I roto i te Hōngongoi 1774 ka haere a Johnson Trail ki Wales. I roto i te taua tau, Oliver Goldsmith, tetahi o nga to'utangata torutoru, nei nui ia whakamoemititia, i mate, a ka ua te kaituhi i te mate nui.

Semyuel Dzhonson Patriot

Na ka tuhituhi ia he buka iti "te Patriot", i whakahē ia te mea tirohia ïa rite teka. Ahiahi, no eperera 7, 1775, famously mea ia e ïa ko te piringa whakamutunga o te kaiponu. Anga ke ki te whakapono rongonui, e kore tenei tauākī e pā ana ki te mea ïa i roto i te whānui, engari ki te whakamahi he o te wā, John Stewart, Earl o tefitó ko ona kaitautoko me hoariri, te tākaro i runga i tona take kore-Ingarihi. whakahē Johnson nga patriots whaiaro-karangatia i roto i te whānui, engari mauruuru te "pono" ïa.

whakaoranga

I roto i te 1775 whakaputaina e ia tona "Journey ki nga Moutere Western o Kotirana." I roto i te taua tau, riro Johnson he tohu hōnore i te University o Oxford, me te tae mai he makatea France (i kitea e kino he Scotland). Hamuera murua ähua ki te Revolution American, whakaahua i te Pākehā tutu rite "he iwi o herehere." I roto i te 1776, haere ia ki Oxford Boswell, Ashbourne ko Lichfield, te wahi i te ua te upoko, tu i roto i te tapawha mākete i mua o te whare, i noho te hooraa o tona papa, te faaoraraa i te "takahi o te karakia filial" tukua 50 tau ki muri. I teie mahana whare reira te Museum o Hamuera Johnson.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

I te 1778 ka tutaki ia te Fanni Berni-tau 24-tau, hohoro ka he kaituhi angitu "Evelyn". Te tau e whai ake nei, ka mate a Rawiri Garrick, he whatupango tawhito o Johnson me tona hoa tata,, a ka ngaueue ano Hamuera. I roto i te 1781, i muri i "Mo'uí o nga Poets English" te whakaputanga o te pukapuka, ka mate Genri Treyl. whakamarie a Hamuera tona pouaru, a ka haere ki te marena ia. I roto i te 1783, Heoi, ka anga tona hauora ki te tupuheke ka tukua e ia he patu. Te tau i muri mai, ora ake te iti, ka whawhati ia ki a Mrs. Trail ka kauwhautia e ia tona hiahia ki te marena Gabriel Piotstsi.

Dr. Semyuel Dzhonson, e mamae i te kauti, huangō, edema me te puku, ka kitea e timata te wehi o te mate ki te whiwhi ratou, engari tutaki ki a ia maia rite tutaki nga faingata'a katoa i roto i tona ora. Hakihea 13, ka mate ia i te tau o 75 tau. I tanumia ia i roto i Westminster Abbey i te 20 Hakihea.