Ekaterina 2: kaupapa here o te absolutism marama (poto). Empress Catherine te nui

Catherine II Alekseevna whakahaere tikanga i 1741 ki te 1796. tamata ia ki tonu i te akoranga i mau a Pita I. Otiia hiahia hoki reira ki te whai i nga ngā o te Age New. I roto i tona rangatiratanga i reira i te maha o ngā hanganga whakahaere hohonu, a kua tino whakawhānui te rohe o te kingitanga. i te whakaaro, me te kaha o te hau nui i te Empress.

Ko te whakaaro o te kingitanga Catherine II o

Legalization o nga tika o ngā akomanga takitahi - te whāinga i whakatakotoria iho Catherine 2. Ko te kaupapa here o te absolutism marama, i roto i te poto - pūnaha pāpori, ina he mohio o te ariki i ko ia he kaitiaki o te kingitanga, i te piha haapiiraa mōhio o tona kawenga ki noa kingi ariki. Ekaterina Velikaya hiahia te haumi i waenganui i te ariki, ka kua te tūmatanui kua hanga e kore e te faaheporaa, engari i te mōhiotanga noa o ratou tika, me te mau ohipa. I tenei wa, i whakatenatena reira te whanaketanga o te mātauranga, pakihi, me te ahumahi, pūtaiao. Ahu ano kaikawe kōrero i roto i tenei wā. French Māmá - Diderot, Voltaire - ko nga mea nei mahi i arahina e Ekaterina 2. Ko te kaupapa here o te absolutism marama te whakarāpopoto i raro nei.

He aha te mea te "absolutism marama"?

Kaupapahere o absolutism marama ka tango te maha o whenua Pākehā (Prussia, Sweden, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Spain me pera i runga i. D.). Ko te ngako o te kaupapa here o te absolutism marama - he ariki whakamātau ata huri ratou ahua i roto i runga i te rerekē haere tikanga o te ora. Tenei i tika i roto i te tikanga ki te karo revolution.

Ko te pūtake wä o te absolutism marama e rua nga mea:

1. kaupapa e fakamaama.
2. parau haapiiraa Karaitiana.

Ki te taua e kua he kaupapa here kua ki te whakaiti i te wawaotanga kāwanatanga i roto i te ōhanga, whakahōu me codifying ture, Pire piha. te hahi ano hoki i ki te tuku ki te aukatinga kāwanatanga poto haaparuparu, ākina whakaputa pukapuka, me te mātauranga i.

kaumatua whakahou

Ko tētahi o nga whakahounga tuatahi o Catherine II ko te whakahou o te kaumatua. Tikanga o Hakihea 15, 1763 ke nga ngā o tohutoro me te hanganga o te kaumatua. Na kua tangohia ia o mana-ture. Na ko ia te mahi mahi mana anake, a noho te hunga whakawa rawa.

huringa Hanganga wehea kaumatua 6 tari. i ia o ratou he mana pai tautuhi. Ko te kupu nui haere tona kakama, kia rite ki te mana pokapū. Ko tenei kaumatua kua riro he taputapu i roto i te mana rukaz. I ia ki te whakarongo ki te Empress.

Komihana Ture

I roto i te 1767 huihuia Ekaterina Velikaya te Kōmihana Ture. Ko tōna whāinga ko ki te whakaatu i te kotahitanga o te ariki me ona kaupapa. I roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te kōmihana, tū pōtitanga i roto i ngā akomanga, e kore ratou e ngā puku peasants. Ka rite ki te hua, i te Taura Whiri i 572 kawana: te rangatira, ngā pokapū kāwanatanga, peasants me mua. Ko te mahi Komihana tae tuhi ake he waehere o ture, me te Conciliar kua te Waehere 1649 Kua whakakapi. I tua atu, kia whakawhanake i mehua mo te serfs ki ngā to ratou oraraa. Otiia arahina tenei ki te afa o te kōmihana. Ia rōpū o ngā mema ki te tiaki i ō rātou ngākau nuitanga. tonu totohe hoki na roa i timata Ekaterina Velikaya ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te mutu te mahi kawana huihui. mahi Ko te Komihana mo te ono tau, ka ka rewa i te timatanga o Russian-Turkish te whawhai.

reta ārai

I roto i te waenganui 70 o me te tīmatanga o 90 o whaia Catherine II whakahounga nui. Ko te take hoki i enei whakahounga ko te tutu Pugachev. Na reira, i reira he hiahia ki te whakapakari i te mana monarchical. Faarahi ho'ii te mana o te kāwanatanga ā-rohe, te whakanui ake i te maha o nga kawanatanga, Whakakahoretia sich, serfdom i atu ki Ukraine, kua nui haere te kairetiwhare te mana o te peasants. arahina Province i te kawana, ko wai i te kawenga mō te katoa. Generalgouvernement fakatahai e rave rahi kawanatanga.

Letters pa ārai mai 1775 atu ratou tika ki te kāwanatanga-whaiaro. Reira wewete hoki nga kaihokohoko i māperetanga me takoha. timata Pakihi ki te whakawhanake. rere te tavana te pa, me rangatira pōtitia e te whakaminenga pai, mataeinaa kawana.

Ia piha inaianei i ona ake institution ture motuhake. neke te kāwanatanga pokapū te pokapū o te mahara i roto i nga whare rohe. whakatau raruraru me ngā take i nui tere.

I roto i te 1785, ki te Tūtohinga hei tohu o kaipahua rangatira, nei whakaurua Pita III. e kapea ana i whiu kāpara me raupatu o te taonga nei rangatira. I tua atu, ka taea e ratou te hanga i kāwanatanga.

atu hanganga

He maha o te tahi atu whakahounga i hanga, i te whakahaere te kaupapa here o te absolutism marama. E whakaatu ana te ripanga i ētahi atu hanganga nui o te Empress.

kihai i te Deal New hopu

Kaupapahere o absolutism marama i roto i Russia i poto-ora. I muri i te revolution i roto i France i roto i 1789, ua faaoti te Empress ki te huri i te kaupapa here. ka te reira i te aukatinga rahi o ngā pukapuka me ngā nūpepa.

Catherine tahuri te Great Russian Empire ki te mana, te mana kaha ao. Te hanahana i te whenua fana'o, te rangatira whänui tika i roto i te kāwanatanga-whaiaro. hanga matou tikanga pai mo te whenua ki te haere tonu ki te whakawhanake ōhanga. tenei wa katoa ki te hanga Catherine 2. Ko te kaupapa here o te absolutism marama, i roto i te poto, i roto i Russia ki tiaki me te whakapakari i te arikitanga tino me feudalism. Ko te whakaaro taketake o Diderot ko Voltaire kihai i tangohia e pakiaka: kua kore i whakakorea puka o te kāwanatanga, a kahore e te iwi hei rite. I te anga ke, kei te anake kaha te rerekētanga i waenganui i te akomanga. I roto i te pirau whenua tupu. e kore e te iwi ite noa ki te hoatu utu whakapati. He aha arahina kaupapa whaia e Catherine 2, te kaupapa here o te absolutism marama? Ka taea te whakaahuatia te reira i poto e whai ake: pūnaha pūtea rawa hinga me, rite te putanga, he raruraru ōhanga kino.