Ernst Haeckel: biography, mahi pūtaiao. takoha o Haeckel ki koiora

Lī'oa tona ora ki te ako o te natura, i hanga Ernst Gekkel he rota o ngā āhuatanga, me te hanga he takoha nui ki te pūtaiao. Ētahi atu mōhiohio i runga i ngā mahi pūtaiao o te pūtaiao ki te kitea i roto i muri i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Ernst Haeckel: biography

whanau philosopho Tiamana, me te taiao o Ernst Haeckel i roto i Potsdam i 1834. I puta ia i te kura nui i roto i Mezerburge, ako ia rongoa me pūtaiao taiao i roto i Berlin, te University o Würzburg. Ph.D. i kararehe i te University o Jena. I roto i te 1858, riro ia tona tohu hauora.

whakakitea Ernst Haeckel moni faahiahia i roto i te tinana mōkitokito me kararehe. I roto i te tau 1859, ka tonoa e ia he ope ki Itari, te wahi ako ia köurarangi, kāri, kutukutu, oroko ake puka hou o radiolarians. Ki runga ki hoki mai pūtaiao mau ia i te tūranga o Ahorangi me ka Ahorangi o University Jena me haapii anatomy whakatairite.

Mai 1863, he kaha ngā mahi pāpori, me te pūtaiao. korero ia e pā ana ki Darwinism, tuku i a ratou mahi tāngia, te hanga ariā pūtaiao. I te mutunga o te rau tau XIX, haere te kairangahau i runga i te ope ki Ihipa, Algeria, i runga i te motu o Mateilá, ko Ceylon. I muri mai, haere ia ki a Hiria, Corsica, Tenerife, Norway, Gibraltar me era atu wahi, ako ratou kararehe, me te hanga huahua.

I roto i te tau 1867, Ernst Haeckel marena Agnes Huschke. whai ratou he tama, Walter, te tamahine o Emma ko Elizabeth. mate o te wahine i roto i te tau 1915 nui te pānga te hauora, me te pai-oranga o te kaipūtaiao. mate ia i roto i Germany August 9, 1919.

Rangahau me te Tānga

Whiwhi pōkairua o te tākuta kihai i pā i te mahi ngaio o te kaipūtaiao. I roto i te ara maha, tona rangahau me te outlook pānga kōrero ki Charles Darwin. haamata Books Ernst Haeckel ki te whakaputa i roto i te tau 1866. ka karanga tona mahi tuatahi ko te "Morphology General o kaiao." I muri i te tahi mau wa, te pukapuka "Te Natural History o Creation", i reira ua faaite ia tautoko mo te ariā o te kukuwhatanga.

I roto i te 1866, hanga ana e ia he putanga ake o te ture biogenetic, whakatakoto i te tau torutoru mua. I roto i tenei whakaaro, Ernst Haeckel gastraea hanga te ariā e whakamārama te takenga o kaiao multicellular i kaiao pūtau-tahi. Nā ki tenei, ka mohiotia Haeckel i roto i ngā porowhita pūtaiao.

I te tau 1874 whakaputaina e ia he tānga "horonga, ranei hītori o te whanaketanga tangata," i roto i nei expounds e ia tona ariā i runga i te oraraa takawaenga e whai ake nei i waenganui i makimaki, me te tangata.

I roto i te ope i roto i Awherika, a Ahia, ka tuhituhi ia mahi i runga i kakaru, ika hohonu-moana, radiolarians, a ka tukua ki te rangahau o enei rauropi te tāpui "Phylogeny pūnaha". tuhituhi Tapeke Ernst Haeckel e pā ana ki 26 mahi, etahi o ratou iritihia ki Russian.

Morphology General o kaiao

Tētahi atu te ako, te whanaketanga o i hanga kua he wāhi nui ki a Ernst Haeckel - rauropi. I roto i tona pukapuka tuatahi "Morphology General o kaiao," theorizes pūtaiao i runga i te hiahia ki te tīpako i te reira rite te ako koiora motuhake. E ai ki a ia, me waiho te tukanga matatini o te taunekeneke i waenganui i te rauropi ora me ratou hononga ki te taiao te kaupapa o te ako o te pūtaiao i huaina rauropi.

Ernst Haeckel whakapono e te mahi matua o tenei ako ko te ako o ngā āhuatanga taiao waro me inorganic, e whai ana ki te urutau kaiao ora. Na roto i te āhua pararopi pūtaiao i matau āhuatanga huarere pēnei i te marama, hiko kōhauhau, makuku, wera, me te hanganga o te oneone, me te wai. Organic Haeckel ngā momo katoa o te whanaungatanga o te rauropi.

ture biogenetic

Faauruhia e te ariā whanaketanga, whakatakoto Haeckel te ture, kei te hoki i huaina nei te ture o Haeckel-Müller. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te whakaaro e roto i te whanaketanga o te kaiao takitahi tāruaruatanga hanga nga wāhanga matua o tona kukuwhatanga. Ko, te mātakitaki i te whanaketanga o te ira, ka taea e tatou te ahu i te hanganga tūturu o ia ahua.

hoatu hoki te wā tuatahi i te whakapae taua mua Charlz Darvin i te whakaputanga o "Te Origin o momo", engari kihai i tino mārama whakahuatia reira. 1864 Fritz Muller i roto i tona pukapuka "Darwin" ta e kitea whanaketanga o mua kei roto i te momo o te whanaketanga o te takitahi. E rua tau i muri mai, i hoatu e Haeckel i runga i to ratou ake rangahau te waihanga mārama o enei whakaaro i huaina ture biogenetic.

Kei te maha te ture whakamahia rite tohu o te ariā o Darwin, ahakoa i reira i reira e maha ngā meka e ai i anei tona mana. Hei tauira, i roto i nga tīmatanga o te whanaketanga whai tuaiwi kore ko te taua. Ōritenga kitea anake i roto i te wāhanga i muri mai.

gastraea ariā

I runga i te pūtake o te ture biogenetic o Ernst Haeckel hanga te ariā e whakamārama te takenga o kaiao multicellular i rauropi pūtau. E ai ki a ia, i te mea multicellular tuatahi ritenga ki te gastrula - puka embryonic, arā, o te apa o ngā pūtau waho, me te roto.

E ai ki te ariā, tīmata he kaiao rauropi pūtau wehenga taua e kore i titaria te pūtau tamahine, me te hanga i te tautau. I muri ka anga ratou ki te rerekē i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi, me te kikokiko - kotahi te kawenga mō te kaupapa, etahi hoki nakunaku. Ko te kupu, kia rite ki te ariā o Haeckel hoki kua hanga i kaiao multicellular, kua oti nei te ingoa gastraea. fakamanatu ia nga kararehe coelenterates tuatahi.

mutunga

I roto i tona ora, whakaputaina maha mahi, whakaurua ki pūtaiao te taupuhi kaiao ngā, Pithecanthropus, ontogeny me phylogeny Ernst Haeckel. Exploring haerenga kararehe moana, kitea e ia, nui atu i te kotahi rau ngā momo o radiolarians. ko Haeckel i roto i te i āu ake tuatahi i roto i Germany, piri ariā o te Darwin. Te tautoko i te ariā o te kukuwhatanga i tona akoranga, i tamata ia ki te whakatau i te kingitanga o te pūnaha kararehe, whakatakoto te ture biogenetic me te ariā o te takenga o kaiao multicellular.