Furmanov Dmitriy Andreevich: biography, mahi

Te kiriata rongonui e hāngai ana i runga i tona pukapuka, tukua 8 tau i muri i te matenga o te kaituhi. hanga e ia he ingoa o te kaituhi rongonui, a ka whai wāhi ki tona whakahua i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā kōrero. Mai i te tawhiti i te tau, ko reira maha e toa whakaarokore, me te nanakia hoki te ahua o te raina o te Party, mahi tāmuri i te whawhai, a i roto i te tuhinga. he titiro anake ofi ka kite i ētahi atu āhuatanga o te tuakiri tangata Fuhrman ingoa. i ora ai Dmitri A. he ora poto, rerekē i o tokomaha o mārama i te aroaro o oro'a ana to'utangatá te whakarau, me te rite ki a ratou te hiahia mo te kōwhiringa ara tamau i roto i te tau nanakia o huringa hītori.

timata

I whanau ia i roto i te 1891 i roto i te utuafare rahi, i roto i te kainga o Sereda Kostroma kawanatanga. haere mai tona papa i peasants Yaroslavl, engari i roto i tona ake rusher. 6 tau, no te a Dmitry, oho te whānau ki Ivanovo-Voznesensk. I maoro whakatuwheratia te teihana he Tavern fatuhia e tona papa - Andrey Semenovich Furmanov. Na haamana'o Dmitry Andreyevich e karapotia taiao tona tamarikitanga rite he äwhiowhio haurangi, e taea e ngāwari kua he hohonu.

I puta ia Dmitry kura pa i roto i 1903 ka tonoa e tona papa ia ki te kura hokohoko, a i roto i 1909-1912 noho ia i roto i Kineshma, te wahi ako ia i te kura. He ia i tamarikitanga wawe te peu, pea, hei te take matua o te ingoa kaituhi Fuhrman. puritia Dmitri A. ora he rātaka taipitopito, te wahi tuhia e ia te wheako o te pānui, i te iwi tutaki ia. I muri, whakaputaina irava whiriwhiri i reira i a tino whakamoemiti e fakaangá mo te taonga o te rauemi tuhituhi, me te kōrero o mua.

Ko te ngā tuatahi

Ko te niupepa "whārangi Ivanovo" i roto i te tau 1912, i reira ko he ruri whakatapua ki te kaiako o te tuhinga kura Kineshma. Ko te tānga tuatahi, i hainatia i raro i te "Furmanov." Dmitry Andreyevich mo tona ora i tuhituhi te rota o te rotarota, ina koa i roto i tona tamarikitanga, engari kihai i whakaaro ia he rohi pehe.

Ina e i hanga reira i roto i Furmanova hiahia ki te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi tuhituhi. Tenei hiahia arahina ia ki te kia whakawhitia ki te ture Faculty o Moscow State University, i reira whakauru ia i roto i 1912 i te History me philology. Ko te tīmatanga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao i te hui i hanga he mea o akoranga tuarua. E haamata te haurongo hōia Furmanov. Dmitry Andreyevich whakauru kara i roto i te pereoo auahi hōhipera, me i roto i 1915, riro ia ki te mua.

tōrangapū faaotiraa-whaiaro

romanticism Patriotic Furmanova, rite tokomaha, i muri i te ite i te tikanga me te āhua o te whawhai e homai ara ki te inoino. Kei te mārama kitea te reira i roto i te rātaka, e ki tonu o putanga i runga i ona whārangi whiti Furmanova ratou. Dmitry Andreyevich waipuke ohiti takamua hāparangi pakaruhanga i roto i te whakarau i te whenua o.

I muri i Tuhinga, te kitea ia ia i roto i Ivanovo-Voznesensk, te wahi, rite puta noa te whenua, maranga tai orurehau. A, no te, i roto i te Hui-tanguru 1917, e tahi atu te reira i te autocracy i mua i whakatika ake Furmanov te hiahia ki te whiriwhiri i roto i te momo o ngā tōrangapū.

Way ki mua

Tuatahi, kua kite i ia ia i roto i nga rarangi o te pāpori-tahae, a ka riro te kaiwhakahaere o te maximalists rōpū. Ko papu ia e taea te hanga he ao hou anake i roto i te panoni tino uruhi e tukua te whakamahi o mehua coercive ki te hunga e piri ana ki te ara tawhito o te ora. I te wa ano rave i roto i Furmanov mahi auau o te Kaunihera o mua Workers '.

Ko te apotheosis o nga whakaaro rawa orurehau hoki reira ko te putanga o te whakahaere pa o mua, ko tona rangatira riro Furmanov. Dmitry Andreyevich, tona haurongo ka tonu ki te kia e pā ana ki te Rōpū Bolshevik, whakaritea te mutunga i muri i te hui, me te mahi tahi o Mikhail Frunze, DG ana kākaá anarchist whakamutunga.

I te tau 1919 ka tonoa e ia ki te wehe Frunze ki te mua, te wahi i whakaritea e ia kōmihana o te Division 25.

Chapaev

A, no te tuhi ana mahi tino rongonui - "Chapaev", tuhituhia i roto i te 1923, whakamahia e ia ana rātaka, e kore ia i mutu i te wa katoa i pau ia i roto i Chapayev Division. Ko te tino rerekē i te pere kiriata rongonui i runga i nga taumu'a o ia i roto i 1934 te pukapuka. Ko te huinga o te talena pakeke o te kōrero, me ngā tukipūtanga whaiāipo whakaurua ki te pūkenga mīharo mo te kuao kaituhi, whakamoemiti nga kaipānui me nga rangatira nui o te tuhinga. tuhituhi Gorky i roto i te reta ki te Furmanov taketake o whakaaro o te kaituhi, me te whakawhirinaki i roto i tona ora.

maka Military whakarau Furmanova ia i runga i ngā akina o te pakanga kaiākiri. Ko te whakaata o ia - pukapuka me kōrero tohua rite ari nui o 20 tuhinga Soviet. Pūrākau "tutu" (1925) te whakatapua ki te pehanga o te maunu kulak i katatānga, te pūrākau "Team Whero" (1921) E whakaahua ana te huaki awa ahurei i roto i te muri o te hoia ma roto i te Kuban.

Komihana mate

I muri i te whawhai, i te kaituhi kua kaha i roto i ngā mahi tuhituhi me te pāpori. Tona mahi matua, e whakapono ana ia te whawhai mo te Māoritanga hou o tuhinga Soviet, ahakoa e tango reira faaino teimaha mō te takoki kapo i Rapp - rōpū kaituhi ', faaite tino whakaaro maui-parirau.

Kei te ngana ia ki te kitea kaupapa hou i roto i te mahi e kore e i pā ana ki te ngā o te Pakanga Civil. mahi tona pou-pakanga - tuhinga roa "Seashores" raupapa (1925), whakatapua ki te haerenga ki te tonga o Russia, te rohe Caucasian me i Crimea. I tino ia mauruuru e Gorky. mahi Furmanov nūpepa pakeke, i tuhituhi arohaehae tuhituhi.

I runga i nga mau api o te rātaka o te mea putu e i haere ia ki te whakamahi i ki te tuhituhi tuhinga hou. Otiia i mahue ana whakaaro käore mate heahea wawe. huaina te take o tona mate i te meningitis, te nui korokoro, e kihai i utu ia aro.

He tokomaha karere patua, i puta i roto i te puna o 1926 te niupepa: March 15, i muri i te mate poto engari nui puta ake e kua i muri i te fifi o te rewharewha, ka mate a Dmitriy Andreevich Furmanov i Moscow. Tefito e kua puta i muri i tenei rongo, i ki tonu o te pōuri haavare ore e pā ana ki te mate wawe o te kaituhituhi. Aha whakahaere ia ki te mahi i, homai ana e ia tumanako mo te putanga o ngā pukapuka hou ki te kounga tino teitei.