Gerts Genrih: biography, ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao

I roto i te aamu katoa o te pūtaiao i hanga maha ngā āhuatanga. Heoi, he torutoru noa o ratou, to tatou ki te kanohi i nga ra. E kore e taea ki te whakaaro te ora hou, kahore i hanga e Gerts Genrih Rudolf.

Tenei ahupūngao Tiamana, ko te kaiwhakaū o te akiakinga a whakamatauria ki te ao te oraraa o ngaru hiko. Ko te whakawhetai ki tona rangahau, te whakamahi i tatou TV me te reo irirangi, e u i roto i te ora o nga tangata.

whānau

I whanau Genrih Gerts i 02/22/1857 tona papa - Gustav - te āhua o ratou mahi ko te rōia, i muri i aranga ki te pa toofa Hamburg, i roto i nei noho te whānau. whaea o te tamaiti - Betty Akuhata. ko ia te tamahine o te kaiwhakarewa o te pēke Cologne rongonui. Ko reira utu mea e mahi tonu tenei faanahoraa i roto i Germany. Henry Ko te tuatahi-whanau Betty me Gustav. I muri mai, ka haere mai te whānau e toru tamariki, me te kotahi kotiro.

ra kura

Ka rite ki te tamaiti, ko Genrih Gerts he tamaiti ngoikore, me te mate. Ko te aha kihai i rite ia kēmu waho me mahi tinana. Ko Henry ki te ngākau nui lau ngā pukapuka, me te ako reo ke. whai wāhi tenei katoa ki te whakangungu o te mahara. He etahi meka ngā haurongo o te pūtaiao heke mai, e mea ai i taea ki te ako takitahi Arabic ko Sanskrit te tamaiti.

whakapono nga mātua e ratou matamua-whanau e kia tino ki rōia, ka haere i roto i nga tapuwae o tona papa. I hoatu te tamaiti i te kura Hamburg. I reira ko ia ki ako ture. Heoi, i runga i tetahi o nga taumata o te ako i roto i te kura i timata ki te whakahere akomanga i roto i te te ahupūngao. A, i taua momeniti ke radically nga ngākau nuitanga o Henry. Aua'e, kihai i ana matua i tohe i runga i te whakamātautau o te take ture. tukua ratou te tamaiti ki te kitea tona piiraa i roto i te ora, ka whakawhiti ia ki te whare hākinakina. I te wiki, ako Henry i te kura o Crafts. He rota o te wā pau te tamaiti ana tuhi, ako kāmura. Ka rite ki te kura, ka eke ia ki runga ki tona nganatanga tuatahi ki te hanga i mea, me te taputapu mo te ako o te tītohu tinana. tenei katoa tohu e rere te tamaiti ki te matauranga.

studentship

I roto i te 1875, riro Genrih Gerts he tiwhikete matriculation. hoatu tenei ia te tika ki te tomo i te whare wānanga. I te 1875 ka whakatutehu ia ki Dresden, i reira ka ia he ākonga o Hangarau College. I te tuatahi, ako i roto i tenei institution pai te tangata taitamariki. Maoro, Heoi, ka mohio Genrih Gerts e mahi o te kaipūkaha - kihai i reira tona piiraa. mahue te tamaiti kura, a haere ana ki a Munich, te wahi i uru tika ia ki te rua o nga tau o te whare wānanga.

Ko te ara ki te pūtaiao

Ka rite ki te ākonga, ka timata Henry ki te titau ki te rangahau. Otiia hohoro te kitenga te tangata taitamariki e te matauranga whiwhi i roto i te whare wānanga hoki tenei e kore te mea nui. Ko te aha, ka riro te pōkairua, oho ia ki Berlin. Here, i roto i te pane o Germany, ka Heinrich he ākonga i te whare wānanga, me te ka te mahi mahi hei kaiāwhina i roto i te taiwhanga Germana Gelmgoltsa. Ko tenei kite nga physicists nui o te wa he tangata taitamariki pūmanawa. Aita i maoro roa i waenganui i a ratou whakapumautia he hononga pai, e muri hanumi ki kore anake te auhoaraa piri engari ano i roto i te mahi tahi pūtaiao.

tohu täkutatanga

I raro i te arata'iraa o te ahupūngao rongonui mau Hertz tona tuhinga, a meinga ana ia hei tohunga e mōhiotia ana i roto i te mara o electrodynamics. Ko roto i tenei aronga i muri i hanga e ratou āhuatanga taketake rohi te ingoa o te kaipūtaiao.

I roto i aua tau e kore i ako reira mara hiko autō ranei ranei. Scientists whakapono e reira he fluids ohie. Ratou mahara i tūpuku, ai tae mai te kaiwhakahaere, me te haere o nāianei hiko.

whakahaeretia Genrih Gerts maha ngā. Heoi, e kore i hua pai i roto i te tāutu o tūpuku i tuatahi reira riro e ia. Otiia, i te tau 1879 mo tona rangahau, riro ia te utu o te University o Berlin. Kua mahi tenei tohu rite te manawarū kaha ki te haere tonu tona rangahau. Ko nga hua o ngā pūtaiao o Hertz muri i hanga te pūtake o te tuhituhinga. 5. 02.1880 tona tiaki ko te timatanga o te mahi o te kuao kaiputaiao, e i te wa i rite mo te 32 nga tau. karaunatia Hertz tohu täkutatanga, he tītohu o otinga o te University Berlin ki hōnore.

taiwhanga ake ā

Genrih Gerts, nei haurongo rite kahore he kaipūtaiao i te mutunga i runga i te korero o te tatararaa, mo te wa, haere tonu ana akoranga ariā i roto i te Institute o Physics, kei i te University o Berlin. Heoi, ia hohoro mohio e ko ia e tīmata ake me te ake ki te kukume ngā.

I roto i te 1883, i runga i te kupu tohutohu o te pūtaiao taitamariki Helmholtz riro te pou hou. riro ia te ahorangi kaiāwhina i roto i Kiel. E ono nga tau i muri i tenei wāhui, i whakatairangatia ana Herz ki Ahorangi o Physics, ka anga tona mahi i roto i te pa o Karlsruhe, te wahi i reira ko he Hangarau Kura Higher. Hertz Ko riro te wa tuatahi ona ake taiwhanga whakamātau, i ngā ia haere noa auaha me te kaha ki te mahi ki ona ngā ngā. Ko te aronga matua o te rangahau pūtaiao, kua meinga hei mara o ako oscillations hiko tere. ko nga pātai e i mahi Hertz, i tonu he ākonga enei.

I roto i Karlsruhe Henry marenatia ia. ka Doll tana wahine, ia Erihapeti.

Whiwhi taunakitanga o ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao

Ahakoa te marena, kihai i te kaipūtaiao Genrih Gerts whakarere ratou mahi. tonu ia ki te kawe i roto i te ako i runga i tūpuku. I roto i te hāngai tona rangahau pūtaiao i runga i Hertz ariā hoatu mua e Maxwell, kia rite ki nei kia rite ki te tere o ngaru irirangi te tere o te marama. I roto i te wā i 1886 ki te 1889. whakahaeretia Hertz maha ngā i roto i tenei aronga. Ka rite ki te hua, kua whakamatauria te pūtaiao te oraraa o ngaru hiko.

Ahakoa te meka e ratou ngā te kuao ahupūngao whakamahia taputapu i tahito ra, i taea ki te tiki hua rawa nui ia. riro Work Hertz kore te haamauraa anake o te aroaro o ngaru hiko. Kua tāutuhia pūtaiao me te tere o to ratou whakatö, hakoko, me te whakaata.

Genrih Gerts, te whakatuwheratanga o i hanga e te pūtake o electrodynamics hou, kua riro he maha nui o ngā tohu mo tona mahi. I roto ia ratou:
- Baumgartner Tohu, aroaro ki te Vienna Academy;
- Medal. Matteucci, aroaro ki te Society o Pūtaiao i roto i Itari;
- paraihe o te Paris Academy o Sciences;
- Order Japanese o te Treasure Toputapú.

I tua atu, e matau ana tatou katoa Hertz - wae o te auautanga ingoa i muri i te pionie rongonui. I te wa ano, ka Henry he mema ōrite o te hunga pukenga o sciences o Roma, Berlin, Munich ko Vienna. Aua kitenga, i hanga kaiputaiao, he pono tino taonga. Nā ki te meka i kitea Genrih Gerts, hanga, pērā i te waea ahokore, reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata, i muri ka taea mō te taata nei. A i tenei ra, i waho a ratou e kore e taea ki te whakaaro i to tatou oraraa. He Hertz - he wae o te inenga maheni ki ia o tatou i te kura.

Ko te kitea o te awenga whakaahua-hiko

Mai 1887, timata pūtaiao ki anō ratou whakaaro ariā e pā ana ki te āhua o te marama. A tupu ai te whakawhetai ki te rangahau Genriha Gertsa. Na roto i te mahi ki te kōhao tuwhera, te ahupūngao rongonui, tohu ia i roto e ka marama ki te fuses hihi katinga marama nui ngä te wahi o te mura i waenganui ia ratou. Kua tino tenei pānga photo kua whakamatauria e te Russian ahupūngao A. G. Stoletovym i 1888-1890 gg. I kitea te reira e meinga tenei tītohunga e te tango i ngā mata whakarewa hiko kino e tika ana ki te rongo ki te marama hihi katinga.

Genrih Gerts - he ahupūngao, kitea te āhuatanga (i reira i muri mai faataa Albertom Eynshteynom), Kei te whānui nei i tenei ra whakamahia i roto i te toi. Ko te kupu, e hāngai ana te awenga whakaahua-hiko i runga i te mahi o nga photocells, i roto i te mea ka taea ki te whakaputa i te hiko i te rā. E tino hāngai ana i roto i ngā o te wāhi, te wahi i reira he kahore puna atu o te pūngao taua whakaaro. Hoki ki te awhina o ngā pūtau solar ki te kiriata kairau a te hoki te tangi i hopukina. A e kore katoa te e.

I teie mahana, kua ako kaipūtaiao ki ngā pūtau solar ki te tānga, kua arahina nei ki te hanga o te momo o "te kitenga" mihini. E taea e ki te tuwhera aunoa ēnei whakaaro me kati te tatau, tahuri atu, ka tahuri ki runga ki rama, kōmaka ngā, me pera i runga i. D.

mātai huarere

Tenei mara o te pūtaiao Hertz tonu i hohonu te moni. Ahakoa kimihia pūtaiao hohonu huarere, tuhituhi e ia he maha o ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki te kaupapa. Ko te wā tēnei ka mahi ia i roto i Berlin ahupūngao Helmholtz kaiāwhina. Ano, kua kua rangahau whakahaeretia e Hertz i te whakaetonga o wai, faaotiraa o ngā āhuatanga i raro ki huringa adiabatic o rangi hou, te whakaputa i te taputapu whakairoiro hou, me te hygrometer.

rehe whakapā

kawea mai te tino rongonui Hertz āhuatanga i roto i electrodynamics. I roto i te 1881-1882 gg. whakaputaina mataotao e rua tuhinga i runga i te kaupapa o rehe whakapā. Ko tenei mahi o te faufaa rahi. hua te reira i roto i nga hua, e hāngai ana katoa i runga i te ariā puāwaitanga o te elasticity me te ihinga rehe. Whakawhanake i tēnei ariā kitea Hertz mō mowhiti Newton e hanga e na roto i te whakatakoto i runga i te tirohanga ao karaihe. Ki te rā, ahua hou tenei ariā, me te hāngai ki runga ki te tauira katoa whakawhiti whakapā ngā i roto i te matapae o ngā tawhā nanosdvigov.

Korakora irirangi Hertz

Tenei tenenga ko pūtaiao kawainga dipole pūihi. Kua Radio Hertz kua hanga i te pūpoapoa tahuri kotahi, me te pūnga o te porohita, kua oti nei te mahue hoki te āputa korakora rangi. whakanohoia te pūrere i roto i te ahupūngao pouaka pouri. Tenei tukua kia kite pai tatou te korakora. Heoi, kua whakaaturia tenei wheako Genriha Gertsa e i roto i te mura pouaka kei te tino iti. Na ka nekehia atu te pūtaiao te pihanga o te karaihe e i whakanohoia i waenganui i te kaiwhiwhi, me te puna o ngaru hiko. nui haere roa o te mura i te wa ano. He aha i meinga tenei āhuatanga, e kore Hertz i whai wā ki te whakamārama.

i muri mai anake, whakawhetai ki te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao, kua ruarua i matau te reira i ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao e ētahi atu, me te waiho i te pūtake mo te whanautanga o "era ahokore." I roto i te whānui, faataa ngā katoa Hertz vahiraa hiko, hakoko, whakaata, whakararu, me te tere, e whakaatu ngaru hiko.

pānga kurupae

I roto i te 1892, i runga i te pūtake o ratou ngā faaite Hertz te wahi o hihi pitoiho i roto i te konumohe angiangi i hanga o whakarewa. Tenei "pānga kurupae" i kakato atu whakawakia e te ākonga o te ahupūngao nui Filipom Lenardom. Ia whakawhanakehia hoki te ariā o te ngongo pitoiho, a ako te kătahi o X-hihi o ngā rauemi. ka te pūtake mo te tenenga rahi, Kei te whānui i whakamahia tenei ra tenei katoa. Ko reira te kitea o X-hihi, whakatakoto te whakamahi i te ariā hiko o te marama.

Ko te maharatanga ki o te kaipūtaiao nui

I roto i te 1892, i tukua e Hertz he migraine nui, i muri i pāngia ia ki te mate. whakahaeretia Academic e rave rahi taime, e ngana ana ki te pehea o te mate. Heoi, i te tau o toru tekau-ono nga tau mate Gerts Genrih Rudolf o paihana toto. ahupūngao rongonui mahi i runga i tona mahi "Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o Mechanics parau i roto i te Hononga New" ki nga ra rawa whakamutunga. I roto i tenei pukapuka tamata Hertz ki te hanga tikanga o ratou kitenga, tautuhi anō ara o ako ari hiko.

I muri i te matenga o te mahi a te kaipūtaiao i oti, ka rite hoki whakaputanga Germanom Gelmgoltsem. I roto i te omuaraa ki tenei pukapuka, tohu ia ki te meka i ko Hertz te pūmanawa tino o ana ākonga, ka e whakatuwheratia ai i muri whakatau i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao. i poropiti enei kupu. puta Interest i roto i ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao ki kairangahau kua he tau torutoru i muri i tona matenga. A i roto i te rau tau 20 e hāngai ana i runga i te mahi a Hertz timata ki te whanake tata katoa ngā wāhanga e no ki te ahupūngao hou.

I roto i te 1925, mo te kitea o nga ture o te tutukinga o ngā irahiko ki te pūtaiao ngota i whakawhiwhia te Nobel. ka e ahau tona irāmutu, te ahupūngao nui - Gustav Ludwig Hertz. I roto i te 1930, tangohia te Electrotechnical Komihana International he wae hou o ngā pūnaha inenga. ka ia Hertz (Hz). Tenei auau ōrite ki tetahi wā o oscillation mō kotahi tuarua.

I roto i 1969 i runga i te rohe o Germany Te Tai Rāwhiti whakaturia he whakamahara ki a ratou. H. Hertz. I roto i te 1987, ka whakapumautia te mētara e Heinrich Hertz IEEE. hanga Ko tōna tohu ā-tau mō ngā whakatutukitanga tino i roto i te mara o te whakamātau, me te ariā ki kahore ngaru. I roto i te kororia o Hertz ka karanga noa te rua kaupeka kei e te muri te mata te rawhiti o te tinana tiretiera.