Waikawa Adipic. Ngā Āhuatanga me tono

waikawa Adipic (reira he ingoa tetahi mo te taonga - waikawa 1,4-butandikarbonovaya, te ingoa nahanaha - waikawa geksandiovaya) - Kei te whāiti waikawa dicarboxylic. He te tātai matū e whai ake nei: HOOC (CH2) 4SOON me tātai kerekere C6O4H10. He nga āhuatanga matū taua rite te waikawa. puka tote, he tokomaha o nei e wairewa i roto i te wai (H2O). Esterified i roto i te di- me reo. Ki te glycols geksandiovaya puka waikawa ngā pūhui.

Āhuatanga o te waikawa adipic

1. papatipu titiwha ko 146.1 karamu / mol.

2. Kiato o 1.36 karamu / kamiriona.

3. iti memehatanga i ewaro, diethyl waipiro me te hauwaiwaro.

4. wairewa i roto i te wai (H2O) ko e whai ake: i 15 nekehanga - 1.44 g ia 100 g o te wai; 40 nekehanga - 5.12 g; i 70 nekehanga - 34.1 g

waikawa āhuatanga Thermal geksadiovoy

1. Ko te ira whakakoero, ko te 153 ° C.

2. Ko te pāmahana whāwehe ko 210 - 240 ° C.

3. Ko te wāhi e koropupu (i 100mm HG) he 265 ° C.

4. decarboxylation pāmahana ko 300-320 ° C.

5. Ko te hāwera o te parariraa ko -2800 kJ / mol.

6. rewa hāwera o 16.7 kJ / mol.

7. whakaetonga hāwera ko 18.7 kJ / mol.

Me pēhea te ki te whiwhi waikawa adipic?

I roto i te ahumahi i rite tenei taonga tino i te piti hāora e rua-taahiraa o te huriowaro. Tuatahi, he ranunga o te cyclohexanol me cyclohexanone, e te ka wehea e te Māturu. Muri whakamahia cyclohexanone te ki te whakaputa i caprolactam, me cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% te kaha HNO3 (te waikawa hauota). Ki tenei tikanga, tukua waikawa adipic ko e pā ana ki iwa tekau-rima ōrau.

Ko tētahi o nga tikanga whaihua mo te faaineineraa o te waikawa adipic he hydrocarbonylation butadiene.

He aha te tahi atu mau rave'a whakamana ki te whiwhi ngā waikawa, pērā i adipic? Ka taea te whiwhi reira ano e oxidizing te huriowaro ki te waikawa hauota (HNO3) i te pāmahana o + 100-200 ° C, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) i te pāmahana o +50 ° C ranei pekerangi (O3).

Kei te rite hoki waikawa Adipic i carbonylation o THF (tetrahydrofuran) rite anhydride waikawa adipic, i te mea ka ki te whakarato i te taonga whakapā whāinga.

Ko te whakamahi o te waikawa adipic:

- te taonga, ko te rauemi raw (whakamahia e pā ana ki iwa tekau ōrau o te waikawa hua) i roto i te hanga o te polyhexamethyleneadipamide, a polyurethanes hoki me ona hākawa;

- whakamahia rite te tāpiri kai (E 355 rēhita i raro i te tau) ki te hoatu i te hua o te reka kawa (tae atu i te hanga o inu maeneene);

- waikawa Adipic ko te wāhanga nui o te tikanga tikanga mo te descaling;

- Kei te whakamahia ki te tango rawa i noho i muri i te whakakī i te hononga i waenganui i nga taera i hanga o okouku;

- te whakamahi o ngā waikawa pērā i te waikawa adipic, he faufaa hoki te faaineineraa o intermediates waihanga.

I roto i tetahi tauhohenga matū e waikawa adipic?

1. Tenei pūhui ki runga ki te tauhohenga ki ngā konganuku, ratou waihā me waikura taketake hua te tai hāngai.

2. Ka taea e hiki te reira i waikawa ngoikore i tona tote.

3. I roto i te aroaro o te waikawa whakakōkī adipic waikawa tauhohe ki waiwaihā. I roto i tenei puka hākawa.

4. I runga i whakawera haukinia tai o amides waikawa adipic e hanga e.

5. I raro i te mahi o te SOCl2 waikawa adipic te tahuri ki te pūhaumāota waikawa hāngai.

Hākawa o waikawa Adipic  

1. Metiladipinat whakamahia hoki dimethylsebacate kōtuitanga iahiko.

2. Dialliladipinat hardener he pareaku teriuma.

whakamahia 3. Etiladipinat te rite te tāpiri i roto i te penehīni leaded ki te whakapiki ake i tona tau wāwaro.

whakamahia 4. diethyl adipate te rite te plasticizer i te hanga o kiriata kai, hu, pvc, hiako waihanga, taonga tākaro, kahupeka, tuanui iri.

whakamahia 5. diisopropyl adipate te rite te wāhanga o poke hoki kiri.