Rangahau kua tīpakongia me faufaa. tikanga rangahau Pumau

Mara o te rangahau e à te momo o pekanga pūtaiao, e pā nga tikanga tautuhi katoa me ture, me te tirotiro tino tukanga katoa - he rangahau taketake tenei.

E rua nga tu o rangahau

Tetahi rohe o te matauranga e titau rangahau pūtaiao ariā, me te whakamātautau, rapu o regularities haepapa mo te hanganga, puka, hanganga, hanganga, ngā āhuatanga, me te te rere o te tukanga e pā ana ki a ratou, he pūtaiao taketake. E pā ana tēnei ki te nuinga o nga parau tumu o te pūtaiao māori me te humanities. Kei te whakawhänui rangahau taketake nga ariā ariā, me te ariā o te mea i raro.

Ko reira ko tetahi ahua o te matauranga o te tumu parau. Tenei tono rangahau e hāngai ana hei whakaoti rapanga pāpori o nga tikanga mahi, me te hangarau. tāpiri Pūtaiao ki te matauranga whāinga o mooni tangata, te whakawhanake i to ratou systematization ariā. Ko tōna whakaaro, ko te ki te whakamārama i te whakaahuatanga, me te matapae o etahi tukanga ari ranei, te wahi ite ia nga ture, me te i runga i to ratou tūāpapa i roto i te ariā e whakaata mooni. Heoi, i reira te mea he pūtaiao e hāngai ana i te tono mahi o aua mau marôraa e whakarato rangahau taketake.

wehewehenga

Tenei wehenga Ko hoki tono me he rangahau taketake tino herenga, no te mea maha i te muri te uara mahi tiketike, engari ki runga ki te pūtake o te tuatahi ko ano hoki tahuri rawa maha ngā āhuatanga pūtaiao. Ma te haapii i te ture taketake, me te kimi i te mau parau tumu whānui, te kairangahau i tata tonu i roto i te ngakau te tono tonu o ratou kitenga tika ki mahi, a kore rawa nui ina tupu ai: ngohe te tiakarete i teie nei te whakamahi i ngaruiti radiation, Percy Spencer, ranei tatari hoki tata e rima rau nga tau i 1665 ki te rere ki aorangi tata, rite Giovanni Kerepō, me ona kitea o te wahi whero nui i runga i Jupiter.

Ko te raina i waenganui i te mea ko te rangahau taketake ka tono, tata halá. Tetahi pūtaiao hou tuatahi whakawhanakehia rite te faufaa, a ka neke i runga i ki rongoā mahi. Hei tauira, i roto i rehe aronui, i whakatika rite te ahua o te peka tata waitara o te ahupūngao, kotahi mo te wa tuatahi e kore ahau i kite i tetahi mea whai hua, engari iti iho i te tekau tau, me pehea kua puta ke nga mea. Rawa ahupūngao karihi tangata tūmanakohia pera hohoro a na whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te mahi. Tono a kaha tauhonohono ana rangahau taketake, te whakamutunga he te pūtake (turanga) mo te wahi tuatahi.

RFBR

pūtaiao Domestic mahi i roto i te pūnaha pai-whakaritea, me te Russian Foundation mo Basic Rangahau i roto i tona hanganga, ko tetahi o nga wahi tino nui. hipokina RFBR āhuatanga katoa o te mahi o te pūtaiao hapori e whai wāhi ki te tiaki o te pūmanawa pūtaiao, me te hangarau kaha o te whenua, me te whakarato pūtaiao tautoko pūtea.

kia rawa kï hoki, e te Russian Foundation mo Basic Rangahau whakamahi tikanga whakataetae mō te pūtea o te rangahau pūtaiao motu, me te arotake i te mahi katoa i reira he tohunga, e ko te mema o tino o te hapori pūtaiao. Ko te mahi matua o te Russian Fund Āhuatanga Federal ko ki te kawe i te kōwhiringa e whakataetae mo te kaupapa rangahau pai tukuna e pūtaiao i runga i tona kaupapa ake. Muri i runga i tona wahi kia tautoko whakahaere me te pūtea ki te riro i te whakataetae o ngā kaupapa.

Ngā wāhanga o te tautoko

tautoko Basic Research Foundation pūtaiao i roto i maha mara o te matauranga.

1. Rorohiko pūtaiao, rehe, pāngarau.

2. Astronomy me Physics.

3. Materials Science me Matū.

4. pūtaiao Medical me te koiora.

5. sciences whenua.

6. Ko te pūtaiao o te tangata me te hapori.

7. Rorohiko me te Hangarau Pārongo.

8. Fundamentals o Engineering Sciences.

Ko reira peia tautoko o te Pütea e faufaa kāinga, ka tono rangahau me te whanaketanga, na te ariā me te mahi kīnaki tahi i te tahi. Anake i roto i to ratou pāhekoheko he noa te matauranga pūtaiao.

ahunga hou

rangahau Basic ka tono e te huri e kore anake nga tauira taketake o te hinengaro me te momo o te whakaaro pūtaiao, engari ano hoki i te pikitia pūtaiao katoa o te ao. tupu ake me te ake maha tenei, me te "pūhia" e e mohiotia ki tetahi inanahi huarahi hou o te rangahau taketake e te tau o te rau tau, te reira hohoro te kitea tona tono i te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao tono. Ki te tirohia āta tatou te hītori o te ahupūngao, ka taea e kite koe i te huringa pono hou.

tohu ratou te whanaketanga o atu me te ake ngā wāhi hou o te rangahau, me te hou hangarau tono, e kua meinga e tere whiwhi whakauka i roto i te rangahau taketake. Na ano e hohoro iritihia ratou ki te ora tūturu. tuhituhi Dyson e hiahiatia mua 50-100 tau te ara i te āhuatanga taketake ki nui-tauine tono ahumahi. Na ko te wa, me te mea romia i te āhuatanga taketake ki te whakataki i roto i te tukanga whakaputa e wahi i mua i to tatou kanohi. A, no te mea katoa e puta ke ratou tikanga rangahau taketake.

Ko te tūranga o te Fund Āhuatanga Federal Russian

Tuatahi i reira ko te kōwhiringa o kaupapa i runga i te pūtake whakataetae, a ka whakawhanakehia, ka whakaaetia e te tikanga o te whakaaro o nga mahi katoa aroaro i te whakataetae, tū i runga i te tohungatanga rangahau o te whakataetae whakaarohia. Next te pūtea haere te kōwhiringa o ngā mahi me ngā kaupapa ki te mana o te whakamahi o moni tohaina muri.

Hei whakapumautia a mau tonu te mahi tahi te ao i roto i te mara o te rangahau pūtaiao taketake konei i runga i me te pūtea o ngā kaupapa tahi. I raro i te faaineineraa, hanga o ngā rauemi mōhiohio i runga i enei mahi, a ka e whānui tohaina ratou. Ko mātātoa wāhi i roto i auaha kaupapa here tūmatanui i roto i te pūtaiao, me te hangarau, e atu fakanounoui te ara i te rangahau taketake ki te whanaketanga o te hangarau te Foundation.

Ko te whakaaro o te rangahau taketake

Kua tohutohu tonu te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao i te panoni pāpori i roto i te ora tūmatanui. Hangarau - Ko te whāinga matua o nga rangahau taketake, mai i te faahaereraa i te reira i mua ao, pūtaiao, me te toi. No rangahau - No tono tono, Na, kahore he huringa hangarau.

Muri i roto i te mekameka: te whanaketanga o te ahumahi, te whanaketanga o production, te whanaketanga o te hapori. I roto i te rangahau taketake whakatakotoria te hanganga katoa o te matauranga, kei te whakawhanake i te tauira taketake o te oraraa. I roto i te ahupūngao puāwaitanga, te tauira turanga taketake ko te whakaaro māmā o ngota rite te hanganga o te taonga, me nga ture o nga rehe o te pūwāhi rauemi. No reira ka timata ahupūngao me tona whanaketanga, hoatu ara ki te tauira taketake hou katoa, me te piki matatini.

Mergers me wehenga

I roto i te hononga o te rangahau taketake, me te tono i te nui tino ko te tukanga whānui e pei te whanaketanga o te matauranga. Pūtaiao haere mua piki whanui, ki ia ra e haere te fifi ratou hanganga kua uaua rite ki te tino ngako ora. Eaha te tuearaa Ko reira? Tetahi rauropi he plurality o ngā pūnaha me pūnaha. Ētahi tautoko te tinana i roto i te kaha, kaha, huru ora - a anake i roto i taua ratou mahi. arotahi etahi i runga i te pāhekoheko ki te ao waho, pera ki te korero - i runga i te pākia e. I roto i te pūtaiao tupu te taua ara nga mea katoa.

He pūnaha e tautoko i roto i te āhua kaha o te pūtaiao iho, me i reira he etahi - kei te arahina ratou e te faaiteraa pūtaiao waho, kia rite ngā reira i roto i ona mahi ke. arotahi rangahau Pumau te i runga i nga ngākau nuitanga me ngā hiahia o te pūtaiao, ki te tautoko i tona mahi, a ka tutuki tenei te i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā tikanga o te hinengaro me te kōtuitui o ngā ariā, i ko te pūtake o te ora. Ko te tikanga o te te ariā o "pūtaiao parakore" ranei "matauranga mo te whakaaro ki o te matauranga." Kei te whakahaua tonu waho rangahau tīpakongia, whakawhenumi ratou te ariā me te mahi o te mahi a te tangata, e te mea - ki production, ko te kupu te huri i te ao.

urupare

whakawhanakehia hoki pūtaiao taketake New i runga i te pūtake o te rangahau tono, ahakoa tenei tukanga ko haumi ki te mau fifi o te mahere hinengaro pāngarau. Ko te tikanga i roto i te rangahau taketake kei reira he rota o ngā tono, a e kore e taea ki te whakaaro nei o ratou e tango i te wahi i te pakaruhanga i muri i roto i te whanaketanga o te ariā. e kia he tauira hei āhuatanga ngā, ngā nei i tenei ra i roto i te te ahupūngao. Ārahi tona ariā taketake i roto i te mara o microprocessors - te aronui.

Te reira i radically ke te ara katoa o whakaaro i roto i te pūtaiao tinana o te rau tau rua tekau. He ia he momo nui o ngā tono, ia o nei e ngana ana ki "pute" te faufaa ai'a katoa o tenei peka o te ahupūngao pāngarau. A he tokomaha kua muri i roto i tenei ara. Tono o ariā aronui, tetahi i muri i te tahi atu ki te hanga i tētahi aronga motuhake o te rangahau taketake: ahupūngao mārō-kāwanatanga, ahupūngao matūriki māmā me te tātai arorangi, te ahupūngao, te koiora, me te tokomaha atu ki te haere mai. e kore e taea e tetahi, engari faaoti kua revolutionized whakaaro tinana e rehe aronui.

ngā whanaketanga

Ko te tino taonga Whanaketanga o ngā wāhanga rangahau taketake o te hītori o te pūtaiao. Kua tenei rehe puāwaitanga e whakaata ana i te āhuatanga taketake me ture o te nekehanga o tinana macroscopic, me thermodynamics me ona ture taketake o ngā tukanga waiariki, electrodynamics me ngā tukanga hiko o rehe aronui kua mea i te kupu torutoru, tera ia e nui e whai tatou ki te kōrero e pā ana ki iranga! A e kore e te oti te raupapa roa o ngā wāhi hou o te rangahau taketake tenei.

Ko te mea tino ngā ko e arahina tata katoa pūtaiao taketake hou ki te ngaru nui i roto i ngā rangahau kua hoatuna ka hipoki mohio o te rohe i te taha tata katoa. Ka rite ki nga rehe puāwaitanga taua, mo te tauira, kua riro ona turanga, ka anga reira ki te whakamahi whānuitia i roto i te rangahau o te momo o ngā pūnaha me ngā whakaurunga. No reira ka whakatika nga rehe o pāpāho tonu, rehe tinana mārō, rehe inu, me te maha atu ngā wāhi. Ranei tango i te aronga hou - Organizmica, mahi nei i roto i te whanaketanga o te Academy motuhake o Basic Research.

pūtahitanga

Kaitätari utverzhayut taua rangahau mātauranga, me te ahumahi i roto i te tekau tau tata, nui ofi, a mo tenei take, te wahi o te rangahau taketake i roto i te whare wānanga tūmataiti me ngā rōpū pakihi. tukanga hangarau mō te matauranga hanumi ki te mātauranga, mai e pā ana te whakamutunga e ki te hanga me te tukatuka, ariā me te hanga o te matauranga, e kore kahore nei e rapu ranei te tono, e kore te whakamahi o te matauranga tīariari i roto i tono.

Ia pūtaiao me tona rangahau taketake kua te pānga tino nui i runga i te outlook o te hapori hou, te huri ara nga ariā taketake o te whakaaro taumauri. kia Pūtaiao tenei ra aratohu i roto i te heke mai ka rite ki te tae noa ki taea. Matapae o te akoranga, e kore e taea e pakeke, engari kia waiho te wheako whakawhanakehia whakahauanga. Ko tētahi o ratou ko tika te kitenga. Here te mea matua - ki te tātai i te mau hopearaa pea. A haamana'o na i te kaihanga o te poma ngota. I roto i rangahau o te unknown, tino matatini, tino ngā ahunga whakamua katoa te taniwha, neke te reira i mua. He mea nui ki te tāutu i te whakaaro o tika.