Ara nekeneke Pyramidal. Tohu o te ara pyramidal

To tatou roro - he pūnaha mnogokompleksnaya ahurei e whakahaere e rua i te tairongo me te vestibular taputapu, kaupapa, whakaaro, korero, kite me te ake.

Ka kōrero ana tēnei tuhinga e pā ana ki te āhua o whakahaere te roro nekehanga tūao, me te tumu. A he aha e abnormalities neurological e pā ana ki te kino ki te pūnaha pyramidal o te roro.

Pyramidal me ara extrapyramidal

Kei o pyramidal me huarahi extrapyramidal pūnaha Pyramidal. He aha te mea te rerekētanga? ara Pyramidal, toronga ranei pyramidalis, - ko reira he ara e hono nga neurons o te uho haepapa mō te mahi nekeneke, me te karihi o te tari filosilivá me raru cranial. Tona mahi - ki te whakahaere i ngā uaua tūao, haere i te pokapū tohu io ki te tinana. Ko extrapyramidal, whakahaere i te reira i te reflexes te huru kohatu o to tatou tinana. Ko reira atu tawhito me te ake te hanganga hohonu o te roro, a kahore e ona tohu puta i roto i te hinengaro.

Extrapyramidal me te pyramidal - te ara te awa. He ara maranga matua te kawenga mō te tuku o ngā mōhiohio i te rongo ki te roro. Ko ētahi o ēnei: Lateral ara thalamic filosilivá ārahi cerebellar filosilivá me posterior cerebellar tuaiwi.

ara Pyramidal o te roro. hanganga

E wehea ratou ki 2 momo: te cortico-filosilivá me cortical-karihi. taura Cortico-ua he kawenga mo te kaupapa o te kātua, te mana cortico-karihi uaua kanohi, me te horomia.

Nahea te ara pyramidal cortico-tuaiwi? haamata te reira i te ara hiko i te uho kaka - te wāhi e te kawenga mō te teitei mahi hinengaro o te mahara. Kei katoa o whatunga neural hono te kiri. E hāngai atu atu i te 14 piriona neurons i roto i te kirinuku.

Pārongo Hemispheric tūariarihia i roto i te ara taua e mea katoa e mo te mahi o nga topito o raro, kei te i roto i te wahi o runga, ka e, rite ki te tihi, ki runga ki te anga ke, i roto i te hanganga o raro.

E kohia ka whakawhiti ki te capsule ā tohu katoa i nga wahi o runga, me o raro o te kirinuku. Na, i roto i te midbrain me roto i te wahi waenganui o te kurupae piriti te ui ia te muka io tara medulla.

Here i reira he wana: haere te wahi nui o te muka (80%) ki te tahi atu taha o te tinana, me te hanga i te huarahi cerebrospinal lateral. Enei manga "keu" motoneurons, ka taea e tuku tohu ki kirimana akaanga te uaua i kua tika ranei. He wahi iti o te paihere muka (20%) motoneurons innervate "ake" taha.

Ara pyramidal Cortico-karihi te tīmatanga haere i roto i te hanganga roro taua rite tona "hoa", engari hanga whakawhiti kē i roto i te midbrain me haere ki nga neurons kanohi.

ai ngā tohu e te hunga nui mo te tātaritanga

He etahi āhuatanga o tona hanganga, e kore e taea te wareware i te mea e tika ana ki te kitea i roto i te localization o māuiuitanga ara Pyramidal. He aha te hiahia ngā ki te mohio?

1. Wāhanga o te ara weu io corticospinal atu te ripeka lateral runga, ara i roto i te commissure ma ripeka o te wāhanga ua, te wahi mutu ai.
2. Te nuinga o nga uaua tinana te mana e te tuakoi e rua o te roro. Ko te tiaki nui tenei. I roto i te take o te patunga ranei patunga hunga tūroro e pāngia "hemiplegia" taea te pupuri tinana poutū.
3. E wehea e te tahi atu muka te muka o te roro rohe piriti ara corticospinal - ara cerebellar. haere kurupae wehea i te piriti. I roto i tenei whakaaro, e maha marara disorders kaupapa. Ahakoa ka taea e te arotahi pathological kia kotahi.

Tohu o te ara pyramidal ētahi wā tino mārama, kia rite i roto i te take o te pāpāngia o nga wahi o raro, hei tauira. Ko ētahi wā e he uaua ki te whakatau i te take. He mea nui ki te kite i te kōtītiti iti i roto i ngā pūkenga nekeneke me te haere mai ki te tākuta.

tohu o te kino. taumata

faaiteraa haumanu o maumaui conductive ara pyramidal whakawhirinaki i runga i rite nei tari i reira he kino ki te muka io. He maha ngā taumata o te kino mahi nekeneke i pāpāngia oti ki disorders āhua pai.

Na, tāutu Neurology nga taumata e whai ake nei o te whakangaromanga pyramidal ara:

1. monoparesis Central (pāpāngia). Kei maumaui i roto i te uho kaka (maui matau ranei).
2. hemiparesis Central. Ko te capsule roto tonu.
3. hemiplegia tauutuutu Various - wāhi kua pā o te kakau roro.
4. pāpāngia o wahi. Ko tētahi o nga taura taha i roto i te ua.

pāpāngia Central ki roro tūkino te capsule me e te āhuatanga te tuakoi kaka e te meka i whati te mahi o uaua i runga i te taha ki te ritenga atu o te whanaunga tinana ki te wāhi lesion. I muri i te katoa, i roto i te pūnaha io mahi whiti pyramidal ara. E ko, neke nga muka ki te taha ki lateral huarahi tuaiwi ranei. I roto i te hoahoa māmā whakaatu pehea te ara pyramidal, anatomy kua oti nei te kōrero i runga ake, hanga whakawhiti me te neke i runga i.

Ki te te kino ki te wāhanga taura lateral ua hono fakahohaasi uaua i te taha kotahi, te wahi kino.

Neuropathology. pāpāngia piringa, me te pokapū

weu karere i raro i te karu, he. Ko te tino nui mo te tinana ratou mahi. Ki te ofati koe te kawe ia, e kore e nga uaua i roto i te tahi mau wāhanga o te tinana e taea ki te farii i tohu i te tetahi he wahi o te mekameka io. Ka meinga tenei pāpāngia. Kei te wehea pāpāngia ki e rua ngā momo: pokapū, me te piringa.

Ki te takahi tetahi o nga raru nekeneke pokapū i roto i te "whatunga", i reira te mea he pāpāngia pokapū. A ka he raruraru ki te pāpāngia motor io piringa he piringa.

A, no te e whakaaro momohe tākuta pāpāngia he hekenga i roto i te reo uaua me te kaha heke i roto i te uaua papatipu. Ka hoki kia heke reflexes iohere ngaro i toe ranei.

Ko rerekē i te pāpāngia pokapū te āhuatanga. Na i reira he hyperreflexia, oro uaua nui haere, i ētahi wā i reira he contractures.

iti hoki Pyramidal i roto i whanau hou. take

Tohu o te pūkaha waimaero i roto i te tamaiti, ko te aitua, ke, ranei kia haere i te reira rerekē atu te tahi atu tamariki - i runga i tiptoe; mutu tautuhinga hē ranei. kia waiho te take mo tenei ahua o te tamaiti:

• underdevelopment o te roro (filosilivá roro ranei);
• whanau whētuki, ki te pakaru taupa kōpako o te roro o te kakau roro ranei, he takahi o te ara pyramidal tino e;
• mate tuku o te pūnaha io.
• hypoxia;
• toto kaka i muri i whanau ana;
• mate, pērā i meningitis arachnoiditis ranei.

Treatment mō te pakeke tarukino fakautuutu. Ko mo nga tamariki he reira nui pai ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pērā i te therapy tinana, mirimiri me huaora. Ki te kahore he whēwhē i roto i te roro atu whara nui ranei, kei te whakapai ake tuatahi o nga tau o te ora.

Paresthesia me myoclonus

Tūkinotanga o te tuaiwi waha arata'i ki paresthesia. Tenei āhuatanga neuropathy e raruraru tairongo. He tangata ka taea e rānei e ngaro tūtohutanga kiri pa ranei mania ongo i roto i te tinana. peratia Paresthesia ki te awhina o mahi werowero ngira, therapy ā-i tua ranei. A, o te akoranga, e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i te take pakiaka o neuropathy.

Ko tētahi atu wahi hinga pyramidal me, reira, nekeneke mahi - he myoclonus - jerking tumu.

mai Myoclonus i roto i te maha o ngā:

• hukihuki myoclonic rōpū uaua motuhake naki;
• whakaiti velopalatinnye - whakaiti o te arero huaki tata arrhythmic, korokoro ranei;
• myoclonus postural;
• cortical;
• myoclonus i roto i te whakautu ki te mahi nekeneke (kaitäkaro).

Myoclonus, ranei myoclonus cortical - he mate o te ara conductive karere meinga e te ngangau i roto i nga pokapū pūkaha o te roro. Ko, i te timatanga o te ara pyramidal. Ki te te "kore" uho, ki tohu ki te uaua tae te kua fakakehei.

Heoi ai kia nekeneke raruraru pyramidal ara kore o te konupora, me te ahotea psycho-aronganui tinana ranei, me te maha atu take. Na reira, me hoatu te tātaritanga he tākuta i muri i te taki MRI.

Tātarihia te disorders

Ko te ngä whakararo he ara pyramidal, maranga i te taua, ko tetahi e whakawhiti tohu i roto i te tinana ki te ua o te CNS. Hinga, hei kōrero, whakawhiti reira tohu ki te neurons roro.

Hei whakatau pāngia nei pūnaha te me ki te mea whānuitanga, he toketā neave i rangahau tūhura te huinga o ngā tawhā e pā ana ki a uaua, me hononga, me reflexes karere.

Toketā neave whakahaere taua ngā tukanga tātaritanga:

• tūhura te whānuitanga o te nekehanga o ngā hononga katoa;
• tirohia te reflexes hohonu, titiro, ahakoa reflexes pathological ;
• manatoko e katoa o te karere kanohi;
• ine te reira i te kawenga hiko o nga uaua, ratou moe, koiora;
• e tūhura ana te kaha uaua;
• a kua titauhia te reira ki te taki mēnā i reira e pathological contractions clonic.

A, no te titiro i te toketā neave te whānuitanga o nekehanga, haamata te reira ki te titiro i te tuatahi nga hononga nui, a ka tūhura te pai. E ko, tuatahi tirotiro i te tahi pokohiwi, na te whatīanga me ringa.

Ko te hinganga o te ara cortico-karihi

ara Pyramidal Ko te turanga o nekehanga katoa o te tinana, nga uaua e kore anake, engari ano hoki te mata. Ko te axons o neurons nekeneke kanohi tuku tohu rerekē ki uaua. A feruri i te kōrero. motoneurons matua rua uaua innervate o te pharynx, paeoro, ngao ngohengohe, a tae noa uaua pū kai runga. Motoneurons o te karere trigeminal te kawenga mo te mahi o etahi o nga uaua masticatory, me te hunga e hoatu he tohu ki te whakaiti i te torino. neurons nekeneke motuhake whakaiti uaua kanohi ina ataata tatou koromingi ranei. Tenei neurons pakoire. Ko tētahi atu rōpū o uaua te kawenga mō te kaupapa o nga kanohi, me te kamo.

kitea ārahi neuron hinga i runga i te "kaimahi" uaua ia. hāngai ana tēnei parau tumu i runga i te ara pyramidal katoa. arata'i Neurology karere kanohi ki hopearaa rawa kino. Heoi, nekehanga o nenewha me horomia te tikanga tiaki.

Utu te whakahua e te tapeke whakaweto o nga uaua kanohi whakahaere i te wāhanga roro puta noa, ki te patua, me te tika, me te mahue tuakoi. E whakahaeretia ana e tika, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te uaua o te kātua te nuinga neurons kanohi. whiti unilateral muka haere ki te wahi o raro o te mata, ara te anake uaua o te arero , me te kauae raro.

Ko te hinganga o nga wāhi pūkaha o te uho roro

A, no te he hua o te whētuki nekeneke pakaru rohe i roto i te uho o tetahi o nga tuakoi, paralyzes te tangata kotahi taha. A, no te pakaru e rua tuakoi, pāpāngia më. Ki te kei te enei pokapū oaoa, meinga e haehae rohe pokapū ranei. kia tohu haurangi toutou te whanaketanga o te haurangi.

Tohu o te ara pyramidal i te taumata o te kakau roro

Mai i te taumata o te kakau roro (medulla me Pons) puta muka whakawhitinga, ka te hinga o enei hanganga gamiplaziya tupu kua i te tahi atu taha o te tinana. huaina ana tēnei tohu ko tauutuutu pāpāngia.

ara Pyramidal Ko te pūtake mo te pai pūkenga nekeneke. Ki te ara te kakau roro papaka iti, mamae nekehanga iti o te maihao.

He maha syndromes rerekē, mārama me i taipitopito whakaahua i te maumaui e pa ana i te mahi whakamana i te ara pyramidal: Avellisa syndromes, Schmidt, Wallenberg-Zakharchenko me ētahi atu. Ko te tohu o enei tākuta syndromes maha taea whakatau i te wāhi tangohia o te ofatiraa o te ara conductive ki te tätari.