Hanganga Megalithic: momo me momo

I runga i te mata o te ao, me te haunga o Ahitereiria, i reira e maha whare ngaro, me te tawhito. whakaaturia rangahau Modern kua e kua hanga e ratou i roto i te Neolithic, Chalcolithic me parahi Age. Mua i whakaaro ai e tohu katoa o ratou i te ahurea noa, engari i tenei ra kua waiho i raro ake me te ake pūtaiao ki tenei ariā ki te pātai. Na, ko wai me te aha i hanga enei hanganga megalithic? Aha e whai ratou tenei ranei e puka me e te tikanga? Hea ka taea e koe te kite i nga urupa o te ahurea onamata?

He aha te mea te megaliths?

I mua i whakaaro me te ako hanganga megalithic, e hiahia ana koe ki te matau he aha ngā huānga kei roto pea ratou. whakaaro teie mahana te ki hei te wae iti o whakaaro taua megalith. I mana hoatu te wā ki kupu pūtaiao i roto i te tau 1867, me te take o te A. Ingarihi mātanga Herbert. Ko te kupu "megalith" Kariki, te tikanga o "kohatu nui" e iritihia ki Russian.

whakamāramatanga pū, me te ngaio o te mea ko megaliths, e kore e tīariari ano. I teie mahana, e tenei wā tikanga o te whare tawhito i hanga o poraka kohatu, papa paraharaha, kapia ohie o ngā rahi ranei kahore te whakamahi i tetahi hononga cementing tito me rongoā ranei. Ko te puka māmā o ngā hanganga megalithic, arā, o tetahi anake wae - menhirs reira.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te hanganga megalithic

I ngā wā rerekē whakaturia iwi rerekē waihanga nui o kohatu nunui, poraka me papa. Te hiero i roto i Baalbek me nga koeko o Ihipa e hoki megaliths, ratou tika e kore e pera farii i huaina. Ko te kupu, ko te hanganga megalithic - he momo o whakaaro i hanga e ngā u'i i tahito ra, me te tito o kohatu nunui papa ranei. Heoi, whare katoa e kua whakaaro megaliths, i reira e he maha o ngā āhuatanga, e tahoê ratou:

1. Kua hanga katoa o ratou o te kohatu, poraka, me papa rahi nui, taimaha e taea ngā i te maha tekau o toka ki rau o taranata.

2. hanga te hanganga megalithic tahito i i kē me te ātete ki toka whati: limestones, andesites, basalts, diorites me etahi atu.

3. I roto i te hanga o te sima kore e whakamahia - rānei i roto i te otinga mō te whakatika mo te hanga o poraka ranei.

4. Ko te nuinga o ngā whare i te mata o te poraka e tito ratou i nei, āta tukatuka me kapia nei pai ratou piri ki tetahi ki tetahi. Ko taua te tika e waenganui i te poraka megalithic rua o toka puia e kore e taea te piri i te mata maripi.

5. E mea pinepine te whatiwhatinga o whare megalithic o u'i i muri whakamahia rite te turanga mo ratou ake whare, kia rite ki e taea te kite i roto i te whare i runga i ora i te Maunga temepara i Hiruharama.

I hanga ai raua?

Te nuinga o ngā pae megalithic kei roto i te UK, Ireland, me ētahi atu whenua Pākehā Western rā hoki ki te V-IV mano tau BC. e. Kei runga i te rohe o te nuinga o ngā hanganga megalithic tawhito to tatou whenua o no ki te mano tau BC IV -II

Ngā momo o ngā hanganga megalithic

Ka taea te herenga wehea momo katoa o ngā hanganga megalithic ki e rua ngā rōpū:

• tanumanga;
• kahore hunaraa:
• noa;
• tapu.

Ki te he nui atu iti iho mārama ranei megaliths tanumanga, ko te whakarite o ngā hanganga noa, pērā i ngā tātaitanga taiepa nui me rori, whawhai me pourewa noho konei, kohuki te kairangahau. No mōhiohio tika, me te pono e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te whakamahi i te iwi onamata tapu hanganga megalithic: menhirs, cromlechs me etahi atu.

He aha e ratou?

Ko te momo tino noa o megaliths he:

• menhirs - kotahi, kohatu-stele poutū whakaturia ake ki te 20 mita te teitei;
• dolmen - he uniana o te maha o nga menhirs nui a tawhio noa, hanga he porowhita porohita ranei;
• dolmens - te puka tino noa o megaliths i Europe, ei hoк papa kohatu nui atu whakatakotoria i runga i te tahi atu toka me toka ranei;
• whakamahau - dolmenov tetahi o nga momo tūhonohono;
• trilit - hanganga kohatu arā, o rua atu poutū ranei me tetahi whakatakotoria i runga i runga o ratou whakapae, kohatu;
• Taula - hanga o kohatu i roto i te puka o reta Russian "T";
• paenga kōhatu, hoki e mohiotia ana "paenga kōhatu" ranei "tour" - hanganga raro ranei whenua, whakatakotoria i roto i te puka o te koeko o te plurality o kohatu;
• rarangi kohatu - whakaturia te poutū me poraka whakarara o kohatu;
• korerotia - kohatu kohatu ranei poraka, te kore whakapumautia e te iwi i roto i te wāhi ngā, te tikanga i te tūnga teitei, hoki ngā tikanga mea ngaro ranei.

Ko anake nga momo o ngā hanganga megalithic tino pai-mohiotia enei. Kia noho tatou i runga i etahi o ratou.

dolmen

Iritihia i Breton ki te reo Russian tikanga "tepu kohatu". Ka rite ki te tikanga, ngā reira o kohatu e toru, kotahi o e takoto i runga i rua poutū eke i roto i te "U" reta. e kore e iwi onamata i roto i te hanga o taua hanganga piri ki tetahi kaupapa kotahi, na dolmens rerekē e mau ana mahi rerekē - he rota. Kei te tū te hanganga megalithic tino rongonui o tenei momo i runga i te Mediterranean ko Atlantic rohe o Awherika ko Europe, India, Scandinavia, te Caucasus.

Trillo

He momo o te dolmen, arā, o te kohatu e toru, pūtaiao whakapono trilit. Tikanga, e kore te mea e hāngai ana taua wā ki te wehe kei megalithic me nga urupa, he wahi o ngā hanganga matatini ake. Hei tauira, i roto i te matatini megalithic mohiotia rite Stonehendge wāhanga pokapū ngā o rima trilitov.

paenga kōhatu

Ko tētahi atu momo o waihanga megalithic ko te paenga kōhatu, tour ranei. Tenei puranga koeko-āhua o kohatu, ahakoa i roto i Ireland i raro i tenei ingoa anake ki matau i te hanganga o kohatu e rima. Ka taea te tū ratou i runga i te mata o te whenua, a ki raro i reira. I roto i te porowhita pūtaiao i raro i te paenga kōhatu te nuinga o ngā hanganga megalithic i raro i te whenua: mazes, ara me ruma tanumanga.

menhirs

Ko te puka matamua a māmā o megalithic - menhirs. Tenei huinga kotahi toka poutū nui kohatu ranei. Mai i te mua, toka māori menhirs mata rerekē ki tohu o te whāwhā me te meka i te mea nui ake i te whakapae tonu ratou ahu poutū. Ka taea e kia ratou rānei kūwaha wahi o te matatini o complexes megalithic ranei.

I roto i te Caucasus, i āhua menhirs me ika huaina Vishaps. I runga i te Iberian Peninsula, i roto i te mea he inaianei France, i roto i te Crimea me te rohe Moana Black noho tino nui magalitov anthropomorphic - whakairo kohatu.

Kei te hoki hanga Postmegaliticheskimi menhirs nui i muri Rūniki kohatu me ripeka kohatu.

cromlech

He maha ngā menhirs whakaturia i roto i te porowhita porohita ranei me te tihi hipoki ki te papa kohatu, ka karanga cromlechs. Ko te tauira tino rongonui - Stonehenge. Heoi, atu i te a tawhio, tapawhā me te reira he cromlechs, pērā i roto i te Morbihan Khakassia ranei. I runga i te motu o Malta, cromlechs complexes whare hanga i roto i te puka o "puawai". Hei waihanga i ēnei hanganga megalithic whakamahia toka kore anake, engari rakau ano hoki, i whakapumautia e kitenga whiwhi i roto i te mahi huakanga i roto i te mataeinaa Ingarihi o Norfolk.

"Kohatu tangata haereere Lapland"

Ko te waihanga te nuinga noa megalithic Russia, ke rite kia tangi ai - Sejdiu - toka nui, e noho ana i runga i te tu iti. I te tahi taime pania te puranga taketake tetahi e rave rahi e aore kohatu iti tāpae i roto i te "tara". Tenei ahua o megaliths whānui i te rohe o nga ngā roto Onega me Ladoga iho ki te rohe o te moana Barents, e ko, a tawhio noa te raki o te Pākehā wahi o Russia. I runga i te Peninsula kola i Karelia puta seids rahi i te maha tekau henimita ki ono mita me te taimaha o pinepine o kirokaramu ki te maha taranata, ki runga ki te kamaka i hanga i ai e ratou rānei. I tua atu ki te Russian Te Tai Tokerau, ka kitea tetahi rota tonu o tenei ahua o megaliths i roto i nga rohe taiga o Finland, te raki, me te pokapū Norway, te maunga Swedish.

kia Seydy kotahi, nuinga, me te taimaha, ngā i pā ana ki tekau ki te maha rau megalithic.