He aha e hiahia ahau ki mohio te tāutu o rōpū toto?

I roto i nga tinana ora te tangata me ki hei toto. A, ki te i roto i te tirohanga o te hanganga tinana, me te matū, ko reira tata te taua, te tīariari tonu i reira rerekētanga.

He hītori iti

toto tangata e wha rōpū rite ki te momo o antigens me rua ngā rōpū nui ki te faatura ki te ngā rH. Otiia e kore e nui ake e pā ana ki taua tākuta i mohio tonu. Huhu reira he wa roa i mua, i whai tākuta ki te whakaora ora. I roto i ētahi wā, i muri ratou, engari te nuinga o enei mahi he manawanui mate. He aha te mea te take, anake ako i roto i te 1901 e tika ana ki te tākuta Austria, e kitea etahi rerekētanga i waenganui i te tīpako. I roto i ētahi wā, tangohia te toto noa pakiaka, me i roto i te tahi atu - piri tahi nga pūtau toto whero, e tika ana ki te hopearaa mate. Kei te Kua tohaina te reira i tenei tākuta 4 ngā rōpū toto , a hanga huhu tata rawa haumaru mō te hauora. Hoki te mea i roto i te 1930 i whakawhiwhia te Nobel.

Mō te rōpū

He aha te mea te rerekētanga, me aha i reira ko te ti'araa rerekē o ngā rōpū toto? te mea katoa i roto i te aroaro o antigens i roto i te tinana - te ahua o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua, e whakatau i te reira ki te tetahi rōpū ranei tetahi. antigens kei roto i te serum me te mata ngeniwhero. A ko reira ratou te hunga e kawenga mō motuhake whakautu pūnaha ārai mate ki te toto kaituku transfused. Rerekētanga i roto i ngā rōpū toto ko te aroaro ranei ngaro ki roto o antigens A ko B, me te aroaro o paturopi ki te taua antigens i roto i te wē.

ti'araa

He aha te mea i reira ko te ti'araa o ngā rōpū toto? E tano ia tapao e te torutoru etahi, engari e kore e ratou uaua ki te kīa i roto i to tatou whenua, me te tohu i roto i Europe. E tatou ki te wehewehe i waenganui i te rōpū o ngā tau - tuatahi, te tuarua, te tuatoru, me te tuawha. Tangata ke faaite te taua rōpū o antigens:

• 0 - tohu i te rōpū tuatahi o te toto;
• A - he rōpū tuarua o te toto;
• B - te toru o te rōpū o te toto;
• AB - wha te rōpū o te toto.

Na he aha te te rerekētanga? Na, i roto i te rōpū tuatahi (0) i paturopi A me B anake i roto i te wē toto. I roto i te rua o (A) - He antigen kei i runga i te mata o te pūtau toto whero pai-mohiotia, me paturopi te tīariari i roto i wē toto. I roto i te toru o (B) - Ko te antibody "ora" i runga i te mata o ngā pūtau toto whero (ngā pūtau toto) me he paturopi te - i roto i te wē toto; Kei te wha antigens (e rua A me B) ki runga ki te mata o pūtau toto whero - pūtau toto whero.

Mō tauwehe rH

Na he aha te mea te take rH? ahakoa pānga ki te tāututanga o te rōpū toto? O te akoranga, awe. Ko reira ano hoki he antigen, kei nei i runga i te mata o ngā pūtau toto whero. Me kï reira e te take rH ko, tata Ahia katoa - 99%, engari e kore Pakeha katoa - 85%. He he he wehenga ki e rua ngā rōpū nui o te iwi e taea ana ki e rua rH-pai (RH +), ko rH-tōraro (RH-). Na reira, ki te tango ia tatou nga wehenga katoa, i reira e waru ngā rōpū toto. Hei tauira, te rH pai rōpū toto tuarua. ka ti'araa kupu: A rH + (i roto i Russian: II +).

te ranu

He nui ia tangata ki te mohio koutou tāutu rōpū toto, no te mea maha e taea te whakaora i te reira tona ora, ki te mea kahore he wa mo te etahi whakamātautau. Na, ki te kore he huhu toto o kia puta clumping o ngā pūtau toto whero i roto i te oko toto ka timata te tukanga rite ki te hanganga o clots toto te rōpū, mutu tohanga toto, me te tangata e taea tika mate. Kia mea te reira i ngā pārongo e te iwi ki enei momo toto rite 0 (Rh-) me AB (rH +) e whakaaro ao. Ko te tuatahi - te kaituku pai, te tuarua - te kaiwhiwhi ao.