He aha haapurorohia i roto i te koiora? Ko te wāhanga matua o te translation

He aha haapurorohia i roto i te koiora? I muri tuhinga ko reira te wahi tuarua o te pono mārika pokapū o koiora rāpoi, e whakaahua ana i te whakamahi o te waehere ira mo te hanga o mekameka o waikawa amino.

rāpoi Pāohotanga ko RNA

E whai wāhi E toru taketake piha rāpoi o te waikawa ribonucleic (tuipūmua) i roto i te faaiteraa o te ira e kua whakawaeheretia i roto i te waikawa dezokseribonukleinovoy (DNA) o te pūtau. Ko ratou:

• waikawa tuipūmua karere (mRNA)
• RNA Kawe (tRNA)
• RNA ribosomal (rRNA)

A, no te päpäho koe He wāhi motuhake e te momo tuatahi e rua o te RNA.

translation parau tumu

I roto i te haapurororaa koiora ko te tukanga matatini i roto i nei o te mōhiohio i roto i roto i te rāpoi ngota o tuipūmua (mRNA), synthesized te pūmua te. pānui i te raupapa o mRNA te whakamahi i te waehere ira. puta translation anake i roto i te hanganga i huaina ribosome i te mea he ahua o te wheketere mō te kōtuitanga pūmua. Tenei organelle pūtau he subunit iti, me te nui, me te ko te muingota matatini arā, o te maha rāpoi RNA ribosomal, a hoki he maha o pūmua.

He aha haapurorohia i roto i te koiora?

Pāohotanga Ko te rua te taahiraa i muri i te tuhi. I roto i enei tukanga, kua tahuri te waehere iranga ki te waikawa amino e kua piri tahi e here peptide. ka karanga mekameka o waikawa amino polypeptides, a kua tū i roto i te ribosomes, organelles iti e whai wāhi nui i roto i te tukanga o te kōtuitanga pūmua. Ka taea te tautuhia rite: koiora translation - he tukanga pūtau i roto i nei i te mekameka o waikawa amino e hanga e e wetewaehere. puta te kōtuitanga pūmua i roto i te cytoplasm, te wahi e kei ribosomes.

He aha haapurorohia i roto i te koiora me te i roto i te meka e huihui polypeptide? E toru kaupae nui - tomokanga, elongation me te whakamutunga. Ko te hunga ngā e whakamahia i roto i te patohanga me ki te whakaahua i te hanganga o te wāhanga RNA mekameka.

whakaaro Zero wāhanga te te whakahohe, ka te covalently herea te waikawa amino hiahiatia ki te tuipūmua tika (tRNA) me e tau "i ako". Ahakoa ehara i te mea tū he taahiraa i roto i te iritiraa, he tika, me te hunga o muri katoa ano hoki tenei taahiraa. Na, whakaaro te wāhanga o te translation i te koiora i roto i te taipitopito atu:

1. Tomokanga. I tenei wā, kua piri te mRNA ki te tRNA, piri nei ki mea waikawa amino. tahi katoa, e tahoê ratou i roto i te ribosome.
2. Elongation. tahi tenei elongation i te tua o waikawa amino e te hanganga o here peptide. Nāwai hanga polypeptide. tāpiri i te tukanga haere tonu i runga i a mo ano rite te roa rite kore e te mekameka tae tona rohe, i te mea e pā ana ki kotahi rau waikawa amino.
3. Whakamutunga. A, no te riro te tohu mutunga te biosynthesis, wehea te polypeptide te i te ribosome. A, no te tukua pūmua hou, te whānuitanga ki tonu o wehenga päpäho.

tukanga mātanga, me te tika

He aha haapurorohia i roto i te koiora? Ko te tino matatini, me te i te wa ano Koinei pai-whakaritea, me te tika tukanga e whai wāhi te rota o ngā wāhanga tenei. Katoa kaupapa, tauhohenga me te tahi atu whawhe maitai ruruku. Te faafariuraa o ira i roto i te pūmua nui i roto i rua ngā wāhanga: tuhinga me te translation. Ahakoa te meka e i roto i te tuatahi e kore e kore te kōtuitanga pūmua puta i waho i te tuarua e kore e taea.

Pāohotanga Ko te wāhanga whakamutunga i roto i te whakatinanatanga o te kōrero i te taumata ira. Ka taea e anake tenei tukanga tango i te wahi i roto i ngā pūtau ora, a he mea nui atu uaua atu i te mua tukuruatanga kopu kōtuitanga me te tuhi. Ko te translation whai wāhi momo katoa o te RNA, e rua tekau momo o waikawa amino, ngā whākōkī, me te pera i runga i. pokapū tino o ngā kaupapa katoa taua mahi organelle pūtau, te ribosome.

Ko te meka maere ko te ruruku o nga āhuatanga pāhekoheko katoa o te pūmua biosynthesis: hāngai ana te pū o whākōkī maha kei i te aronga tahi i te taumata rāpoi. rahunga Ahakoa tūpono kitea me hapa tonu whakakorea e whākōkī, e, i roto i te parau tumu, no te ratou, a e kore e whakautu.

mahi tahi painga

Ka rite ki ribosome pūtau neke haere te RNA anahera, kei te āta tukua tona pae tīmatanga, piri e te ribosome rerekē. A kia tae te maha o taua organelles mahi tukutahi i runga i te rāpoi ngota taua, e rave rahi tekau. Ko te kupu, whakamahia kotahi anake kopu turanga te ki te synthesize te momo o te polypeptide duplekatov rāpoi. kua karangatia e tenei mahi tahi painga polyribosomes (polysomes).

I runga anō i te aha te huru o pūmua e hiahiatia pūtau ngā rauropi ranei rite te katoa, i reira te mea he maha-polypeptide ira biosynthesis me whakahaeretia e etahi tikanga ture, e tura'i me ngā wā mahi i etahi wāhanga o te tuku o te mōhiohio ā-ira, tae atu i roto i te haapurororaa.