He aha te mea Chartism? Definition, ai, uara o Chartism

puta Chartism i roto i Ingarangi, a ite ona tino pokea ana i roto i te 30raa me 40s o te rau tau XIX. Ko reira he kaupapa o pāpori āhua me te tōrangapū.

take Chartism

Ko te wā "Chartism" puta i muri i 1839, i te tuku tūtohinga o te iwi ki te Paremete o Ingarangi. whakaae hoki faihisitōlia Modern e ko tenei kaupapa he tikanga matua mō te putanga o ngā whakaaro pāpori-manapori. Ko tōna matua matua i maha piha proletarian, i ahu i Ingarangi i muri i te Revolution Industrial.

Take Chartism ki kia kitea i roto i te āhuatanga ka uaua. I roto i te 20, me 30 matahiti o te UK, he poipoi o mōrearea ōhanga. haere Kamupene kaihau, ka tutakina, me nga kaimahi i kahore mahi me te tikanga o te oraraa. Na te aha Chartism? ko te tauhohenga o te ënei whenua ki nga tikanga ohaoha puta tenei, ki te tiki i te mahi i te mea tata e taea. Ko Ngā nui te āhuatanga i roto i te rohe ahumahi, hei tauira i roto i Lancashire (mataeinaa i roto i-uru raki Ingarangi). whakaritea Blue māori koroke i mutu disorders, tutu me te pahua i roto i toa e farerei i.

Hunger me hepohepo i ki hua i roto i te kaupapa whānui o te taonga tarewa, me i te mutunga, i tupu te reira. Ko te tauira pai ki te kaimahi. I roto i te 1832, i hanga te bourgeoisie kua te whakahou o te Paremete, i whakaaro ona ngākau nuitanga. tutuki tēnei, me te toenga, kahore wheketere mahi workaholic.

Tūtohinga o te iwi

Ko te tuhinga matua o nga Chartists - Charter o People roto e rave rahi ngā. Ko te tono mo te Nunui o te Ao mō ngā tangata i raro i 21 tau o tau, te whakakāhoretanga o te tohu taonga mo te hunga e hiahia ana ki te riro i te mau melo, me te he pōti huna. I tua atu, e whakaiti i te kaimahi te wā pāremata tae noa ki te wā o te tau kotahi, me te ahua o takiwa pooti rite. kitea ētahi o enei ngā o te hōtaka tautoko i roto i te bourgeoisie. Hei tauira, ko taua te tono mo te pōti e rite, me te ngaro. E matau katoa o enei whakaritenga, ko reira nui māmā ki te matau ki ta Chartism.

Ko te impoverishment o te piha haapiiraa mahi

Ko te take matua o Chartism - -conflict i waenganui i te Pāremata, me te rawakore. I roto i 1934, kua tightened mema ture mo te mahi o workhouses. Enei pūtahi i wahi o te aroha ranei te pūnaha whare herehere. i hanga ratou i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatenatena i te rawakore, me aua kaimahi kino ki te mahi mo te painga o te hapori. Na hinga ano nga workhouses me iwi kihai i taea e te tangata e whiwhi i roto i o te kore mahi papatipu e puta i muri i te raruraru ahumahi.

Ino o te mahi tikanga mo katoa o enei iwi arahina ki whakahe ki te Pāremata, me ona whakatau. Tētahi atu take mo te putanga o te Chartism - te ture Poor hou, ka meingatia i roto i 1834. Ko te puka matua o te tautohe o kaimahi i roto i whakaaturanga papatipu, i te nuinga o mutu i roto i te petihana ariki. rau o nga mano o 'oi'oi i tangohia e wahi i roto i taua mahi.

Ko te pakanga o te proletarians mo ratou tika

whakatika māhorahora whakaaturanga Tuatahi. Neke atu i te wa, ka tu ratou ki waho i roto i te proletarians o activists e kua timata ki te waihanga i tētahi whakahaere centralized. Ko te hanganga i taua tuatahi ko te London Mahi o nga tangata Association, i puta i roto i 1836.

He aha te Chartism me pehea faikehekehe reira i amuamu mua, ta'efiemālie 'rawakore? Ko te mea i taea e ki te whakarite ia ratou, ka hanga i to ratou ake hapori, ki tōtika tiaki ratou ngākau nuitanga nga hoariri o te kaupapa here o te Pāremata. I muri i London, puta taua hanganga i roto i era atu pa, hoko kitea puta noa i Ingarangi.

Kua whakatakoto te reira tāone Association nga tūemi i hanga e te pūtake mō te tūtohinga o te tangata rongonui. Ki te wa, kua riro kaimahi tautoko i roto i te maha nūpepa me ētahi atu pāpāho, i timata ano ki te whakatairanga i te titauraa Chartist. He pārekareka ki te tino rongonui ao pōti, te whakaaro o e kitea e te vanavanaiki i roto i te whānuitanga o makasini o takotoranga tōrangapū rerekē pai-mohiotia. Ahakoa tino tonu te mahi i mahue te nuinga.

Radicals me ngäwari

Hei pai whakaahua aha Chartism, he mea e tika ana ki te whakahua i te meka e kore kua e kua nukurau tenei kaupapa. Tuhinga reira o rua parirau. hiahia ana Supporters o te uniana me te bourgeoisie ki te whawhai mo to ratou mana i roto i ngā mautohe mārire: rallies, inoi me whakawhetai. I whakahe ratou i te Radicals, ko wai i whakapono e na roto i mehua uruhi anake taea ki te whakatutuki whāinga o te kaupapa. tikanga o tēnei ara ko te whakamahi o te tutu ki te mana. Radicals, rite ki te tikanga, i mahue.

utu hoki tika-parirau parirau tokanga makehe ki te pātai o te Ture witi. i whāngai ratou e te Pāremata i roto i te tahi tau ahuru matahiti i mua i te Ingarangi ki te te tiaki i kaimahi i te whakataetae ke. I meatia tenei e te whakauru ki te whenua i runga i te mau ohipa witi kawemai. nui haere hoki enei mehua te utu o te taro, kahore he nei rite te mahi.

fakataha-lahí Chartists

kaupapa Chartist kua hua i roto i te meka i tū te hui i roto i Glasgow tauine rahi i roto i te puna 1838. I reira, kia rite ki ngā whakatau tata, i tae i te reira e pā ana ki 200 mano iwi. Enei ko nga hua kitea o Chartism. Na whai wāhi nga kaimahi underprivileged i roto i te whenua i roto i te kaupapa mautohe.

I roto i te Hui-tanguru 1839, whakahaeretia London te tairururaa whānui tuatahi o ngā kaitautoko o te Chartists. I hapu reira hei kē ki te Ture o te Paremete, a ka i mahara ki te waiho i te auvaha mo te riri rongonui. whakaae taua tūtohinga i runga taua mea. I muri i taua timata te pakanga nui puta noa i te whenua. He petihana kohia reo o nga kaimahi.

I te pae hopea i roto i te raumati o te tau 1839 tuhinga i rēhitatia i te Whare o Commons. E tenei wa i hainatia ai e te runga te miriona iwi. Heoi, ka tahuri te Paremete he taringa turi ki te titauraa o te Chartists. paopao te petihana i te taha o te nuinga o nga kaitohutohu.

ātete patu

e kore e mema pāremata hiahia ki te ite e te kaupapa Chartist - he kaupapa mo te mana o te tokomaha nui o nga tangata o te whenua. i muri tonu ratou fakafisi ki te whakaae timata te pitihana i roto i Ingarangi whawhai kaimahi me pirihimana. Kua riro pupuhiraa me huarahi whawhai noa.

i tokomaha kau taki o te kaupapa Chartist muri tutaki. arahina tenei ki te meka i roto i 1839, ka whakaekea 10 mano iwi te whare herehere, i meinga maha patunga. Kei te piki te āhua rahi tona pēhanga i runga i te wahi tuwhena o te kaupapa. I muri i tāmia te oaoa katoa.

Heoi, kihai i nga take o Chartism ngaro. Ka rite ki te aroaro o, nui ki te kia hiahiatia mahue te āhuatanga o kaimahi maha. Na reira, ko te parirau matau o nga Chartists ki kanga tutu, a tamata kotahi ano ki te utu whakarongo o Pāremata ki te torutoru pitihana. tuku New Tūtohinga i roto i 1842 me 1848.

Mutunga Chartists tūtohinga

hāngai te ngana hou ki te maha ngā kaupapa nui. Tuatahi, i roto i te 1847 ka anga reira he raruraru ahumahi hou, i maka ki te huarahi noa mano o kaimahi i roto i te UK. Tuarua, i te wa ano katoa i runga i Europe tīmata te revolution. Ko te tetahi tuatahi i roto i Paris, i reira hurihanga te bourgeoisie tarewa Louis-Piripi ahau, i takahia ona tika.

ka ma'i pee tenei tauira, ahakoa kua tino iti iho i taua o nga capitalists French te kaha o nga Chartists Ingarihi. i marara tonu maha kau taki o te mautohe i roto i te tau kua hipa. Na reira, katoa i runga i te tūtohinga i muri, i ngā ano miriona o waitohu. I te tau 1848 paopao Pāremata te petihana ano, ahakoa, ka haere ki te tahi mau ātetenga rite te whakakorenga wā ruarua o ngaahi fatongia witi, me te whakahaere mahi haora i roto i wheketere.

I muri i te tau torutoru haere ano te ōhanga Ingarangi ake te maunga. Ta'efiemālie 'ngaro matou i te kaupapa, ka haere mai Chartists hohoro hokohoko ki noa iho. O te akoranga, e kore i haere atu nga raruraru o nga kaimahi. Kaimahi tonu ki te whawhai mo to ratou tika, engari i roto i te tahi atu mau rave'a kihai i i pā ki Chartism.

uara nekehanga

He aha te mea te hua o te pakanga o te Chartists mo ratou tika mo te tekau tau? I roto i te 1842, whakaurua Paremata te tāke whiwhinga moni, a muri whakakahoretia mau ohipa i runga i te witi ke, i heke te utu o te taro. Ka taea te whakaaro te angitu matua o te tautohe i te ture wheketere. I whāngai te reira i roto i 1847, ka whakaurua te takoto ano 10-haora mō wahine me ngā tamariki, i ko te iti, engari he noa ki te ënei whenua.

Kua tamata maha kairangahau ki te hanga he aha Chartism. maha whakaahua ana te whakamāramatanga o tenei kaupapa te reira rite te tīwaiwaka o te uniana, i timata ki te puta e Tuini i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XIX.

Ko te uara o Chartism i te meka i ko ia he wheako fakafiemālie mo te ko ënei i roto i Ingarangi. Mai reira, i matau nga kaimahi mo te tino e pā ana ki o ratou tika, me te kua ako ki te whakarite ia ratou ki te tiaki i ō rātou ngākau nuitanga.

Chartism me te USSR

Rawa whiwhi rongonui Chartism i te Soviet Union, e hanga he Māoritanga o te pai o te piha haapiiraa proletarian. pukapuka maha o ngā kaiako kāinga me economists ki te whakamārama he aha Chartism. Ko te whakamāramatanga o tenei āhuatanga i roto i te pūtaiao Soviet i roto i te rārangi ki te akoranga Marxist. i whakaaro Chartism rite te ahua o te talateu ki te ti'ai te o te piha haapiiraa proletarian.

E ko Ingarangi te whenua tuatahi i reira timata nga kaimahi ki te whawhai mo to ratou mana e te tikanga o nāianei. He tauira ko te aro maha me aro. mutu kaimahi production, a ētahi wā ka tae ki te maumau'i te take me ka whai pūtake whakangaromia te taputapu ahumahi.