He aha te mea he rūnanga o pākiki? Whakamārama, hītori me te hurihuri

"Ka waiho koe i roto i St. Petersburg, kia mohio ki te haere ki te Kunstkammer!" - he kupu poroporoaki whiwhi tata nga tūruhi, manuhiri o te whakapaipai raki. He aha te mea he rūnanga o pākiki? E rave rahi te mea he kupu e pā ana ki te tahi mea rerekē, onge, me te mīharo. pupuhi te reira i te ra tawhito, te tahi mea i tawhiti atu ...

faataa te tuhinga i roto i te taipitopito aha te pākiki, te hītori o tona hanganga, me te āhuatanga o nāianei.

ariā

He ko he kōrero e Pita ahau ia e haere ana i runga i te motu Vasilyevsky kite e rua rimu mīharo: kotahi te hopoia inexplicably tupu i roto i te kātua o te tahi atu peka. Tenei tauira rerekē mahara Hiha impressionable. whakaaro ia o te gimmick i roto i te tau torutoru, ka haere ki te misioni takawaenga i roto i te biennium 1697-1698. Ingarangi me Holland. Katahi ka tutaki ia ki te pera-ka karanga "rūnanga o te pākiki o" i nga rangatira, i reira i pupuri ratou katoa o diva: zaspirtovannye tinana, kararehe puru, he kohinga o ngā ngārara onge. Enei ko te Kunstkammer rawa tuatahi. Ko te kupu iritihia i German tikanga "ruma toi".

History o te hanganga i roto i Russia

pai Pita na nui reira ruma whakamiharo, e i muri i hoki mai te kāinga, te tuatahi ka mau ia ake te whakaritenga rite o te rūnanga i te whare. I roto i te Holland, ako ia te tunu o ena, no te 30 000 Netaleni Tatimana kua riro te katoa "Ruysch tari". I roto i te heke mai, e kore e oti te, hoko pukapuka Ariki onge, mea, ngā taputapu, tao'ao ahurei me whakamiharo taiao ki waho. I muri tukuna e ia he tikanga rite ki nei te katoa, kua kitea he tūemi rerekē onge ranei, i ahau ki tika i te reira ki te hanga o "rūnanga pākiki". Mai i pito katoa o te Empire Russian nui i roto i te tari ka anga ki te hipi ki te tūemi mīharo. Hohoro riro ratou na tini e kore ratou e whakanohoia i roto i te whare. i nui ki te penapena i roto i toa motuhake, Pita rawa pouri, ko wai i pai ki te hoatu katoa o nga pākiki i runga i te whakaatu.

I muri i te whakawhitinga o te whakapaipai i Moscow ki St Petersburg, ka oho ki te noho hou, ahau Pita whakakorikoria ki te wāhi hou, me ona pākiki. Poto, whakanohoia ana e ia a ratou i roto i te whare o te tawainga Boyar Kikin, i whakahekea nei i te whakapaipai ki raupatu o taonga mō te tango wahi i roto i te e whakatakotoria ki te kingi. whakahau te kingi, "Kikin Chambers" ki te karanga i runga i tikanga ke "Rūnanga o te pākiki o". tupu tenei i roto i te 1714. Tenei tau, a i whanau ahau ki te ao pākiki Russian tuatahi nei photo inaianei e kopare ia aratohu Pita.

hanga o ngā whare

hohoro tupu kohinga o Pita. I roto i te 1717, ano i roto i Holland i riro katoa i te pūkete sEP mō te 15 mano. Netaleni Tatimana. Hohoro kore i taea e nga uara katoa uru me "Kikin Chambers." Hei te hāngai o ratou pākiki ki te taea o te whakaatu katoa hiahia te emepera whakahau te hanga o te whare motuhake. Hoki taratahi ia wahi whiriwhiri i runga i te pere o te moutere o Vasilevsky tata te whare o te kingi , me nga whare nui āhua.

I whakawhanakehia e te kaupapa e te kaihoahoa Mattarnovi. whakaturia te kohatu tuatahi o te heke mai o te whare pupuri taonga rongonui i roto i Hōngongoi 1718 muri i runga i te whare ngā taua rangatira rongonui rite Gerbel, Zemtsov ko Kiaveri.

I tū whakatuwheratanga Grand o te Kunstkammer i Noema 1728, i mutu oti mahi anake i roto i te 1734

Haunga te kunstkamery Russian i te Pākehā

Ko te tuatahi "cabinets o pākiki" puta i roto i Europa i roto i te Renaissance i roto i te mau tenetere 15-16. He aha te mea he rūnanga o pākiki, no ki te rangatira rawa, ko tona whakaaro ko ki te faahoruhoru i te manuhiri? Ko te tika i te kohinga kōpeka o mea onge, me te rerekē, whakaatu i te "whakaako" o ratou rangatira.

Pita hoki pākiki, me whakaahuatia i runga, i kore hapu tuatahi hei hui o taonga, engari ka rite ki te kohinga o tao'ao ngā e taea te mahi kia rite ki ngā take mātauranga me te pūtaiao. Kua Storage me systematization o uara kua tukua ki te iwi marama. I ngā wā, i te kaiwhakahaere ranei kaimahi o te "te rūnanga o Pita" ko Baiburin, Barthold, Gumilyov, Lomonosov, Struve, Sternberg, Pallas, Severgin me ētahi atu pūtaiao. kohia ratou te rauemi tino rerekē - he kore noa kino, ranei pākiki whakangahau, engari ngā rā e whai auraa nui taketake, me te hītori, tino i roto i te tikanga pūtaiao o te kohinga pepeke, manu puru, mea ngoki, ika me te kararehe, hanga he tari kikokiko, me te mineralogical.

I muri i te hanganga o te Russian Academy o Sciences i 1724. Ko nga puna matua o te rūnanga o te pākiki o nga tūemi kawea mai i ngā haerenga pūtaiao Miller, Krasheninnikov, Messershmity, Lisiansky, Maclay, Bellinghausen, Kruzenshtern.

He aha te mea he rūnanga o pākiki Russian? Ko te whare taonga, tetahi o te matamua a momona i roto i te ao, te pouraka o te Russian Academy o Sciences.

meka ngā

Mai te ra tuatahi o te pākiki, homai he whakaahua o nei te raro, i roto i te raupapa o Pita i whakatuwheratia e ahau ki nga tangata hiahia katoa. ko free Tāurunga me te tirohanga o ngā whakaaturanga.

hanga Pita ahau he tari rawa rerekē i roto i te whare taonga he kararehe, me te iwi nei whakaaturanga ki hē whanau - cyclops, he tokomaha-patu, syndrome o te whakapū, me te tahi atu abnormalities. Na reira kihai i whakapakokotia anake tinana me taata, engari ki te ora ano hoki dwarves, taniwha me taniwha e ora i roto i te whare taonga i te utu o te taonga tūmatanui.

mohio te Emperor nga wahi o te kohinga "i roto i te mata" ka ko te aratohu pai ki te pai o te korero ratou ki ana manuhiri.

I teie mahana, e 1.2 miriona te whare taonga. Whakaaturanga!